Lifespan Development Ch. 11 Exam 3 – Flashcards

1. Stanley Hall described adolescence as a a. period so turbulent that it resembles the era humans evolved from savages into civilized beings. b. time in which teenagers grasp scientific and mathematical principles and grapple with social and political issues. c. generally pleasant time of life in which the social environment is responsible for the range of teenage experiences. d. brief intervening phase between childhood and full assumption of adult roles and responsibilities.

2. The first outward sign of puberty is a. steady improvement in gross-motor performance. b. the rapid gain in height and weight known as the growth spurt. c. changes in physical features related to sexual functioning. d. extreme moodiness, particularly toward adults.

3. Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic? a. Ovaries b. Pubic hair c. Scrotum d. Testes

4. One landmark of male physical maturity is a. the deepening of the voice. b. menarche. c. an increase in aggression. d. enhanced athletic skills.

5. Research indicates that adolescents need about _______ hours of sleep each night. a. 5 b. 7 c. 9 d. 11

6. Which of the following is true about the onset of menarche and spermarche? a. Almost all girls and boys tell a friend about the onset of menarche and spermarche. b. A few girls tell a friend that they are menstruating, but few boys tell a friend about spermarche. c. Almost all girls eventually tell friend that they are menstruating, but fewer boys tell anyone about spermarche. d. Almost all boys eventually tell a friend about spermarche, but fewer girls tell anyone that they are menstruating.

7. Taylor is popular with agemates, holds many leadership positions in school, and is an athletic star. Taylor displays characteristics consistent with a (n) a. early maturing girl. b. late maturing boy c. early maturing boy d. early maturing child of either sex.

8. Adolescents feel most comfortable with peers who a. are older. b. are slightly younger. c. match their own level of biological maturity. d. mature later than they do.

9. Treating anorexia is difficult because victims a. are usually from low-income families. b. often feel guilty or depressed. c. usually have parents who are unconcerned and uninvolved. d. generally deny or minimize the seriousness of their disorder.

10. Bulimia is usually treated by a. therapy that focuses on making new friends. b. in-patient hospitalization and family therapy. c. therapy that focuses on nutrition education. d. hypnotherapy.

11. Early sexual activity is more common among young people from a. high-SES income homes. b. economically disadvantaged homes. c. only-child families. d. large families.

12. Studies show that ______ makes an important contribution to homosexuality. a. heredity b. drug abuse c. alcoholism d. cross-gender behavior

13. In the United States, roughly how many cases of AIDS originate during adolescence? a. 1 out of 2 b. 1 out of 5 c. 1 out of 10 d. 1 out of 100

14. Teenage pregnancies are a far greater problem today than several decades ago because a. most public schools teach abstinence only, which does not prepare teens for safe sex. b. the stigma of teenage parenthood is much worse and many couples refuse to adopt the baby of a teenage mother. c. adolescents are far less likely to marry before childbirth, increasing the negative consequences for both mother and baby. d. most adolescents lack the knowledge and resources to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy.

15. Which substance do American adolescents experiment with most during high school? a. Cigarettes b. Alcohol c. Marijuana d. Cocaine

16. Seven-year-old Adea is asked to evaluate evidence about a hypothesis. She will probably a. be able to inhibit well-learned knowledge. b. do as well as an adult if the researcher motivates her with candy. c. be able to use propositional thought. d. deal with only one or two possible variables and be unable to deal with three or more.

Adolescent drug experimentation a. should not be taken lightly because drug use can lead to permanent injury or death. b. is a normal part of adolescence and, therefore, is not a cause for concern. c. is much greater among European than U.S. adolescents. d. is rare in the Native-American population.

18. Researchers believe that sophisticated __________ is vital for scientific reasoning. a. processing capacity b. mathematical knowledge c. strategy development d. metacognitive understanding

19. The imaginary audience is most likely responsible for adolescents' a. increased argumentativeness with their parents. b. extreme self-consciousness and sensitivity to public criticism. c. greater willingness to engage in risky behavior d. ability to solve problems with many variables.

20. Jonathan views himself as reaching great heights of omnipotence and also sinking to unusual depths of despair. Which of the following cognitive distortions contribute to Jonathan's views a. the personal fable. b. learned helplessness. c. the imaginary audience. d. metacognition.

21. Studies of mathematical abilities in early school grades a. show that boys are advantages in arithmetic computation. b. are inconsistent. c. show that boys are more methodical in problem solving. d. clearly show a male advantage in math.

22. Central Middle School has a large student body. Staff can minimize the effects of school transitions by a. offering differentiated instruction for students. b. requiring students to participate in at least one extracurricular activity. c. forming smaller units within the school and providing greater extracurricular opportunities. d. segregating boys and girls and emphasizing competition.

23. Which style of child rearing is linked to academic achievement in adolescence? a. Permissive b. Authoritarian c. Uninvolved d. Authoritative

24. The dropout rate in the U.S. is higher among _______ and is particularly high among _______. a. girls than boys; lower-SES Caucasians. b. boys than girls; higher-SES ethnic minorities. c. boys than girls; lower- SES ethnic minorities. d. girls than boys; lower- SES ethnic minorities.

25. To work well, vocational education must a. focus heavily on job-related instruction. b. carefully integrate academic and job related instruction. c. offer paid employment as a component of the program. d. focus heavily on basic skills.