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The model of group therapy that has been designed to provide clients with a "corrective emotional experience"

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Yalom's Interpersonal Group Therapy

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Which of the following are NOT amongst Yalom's curative factors of group therapy?

answer

Providing directive advice

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Group Therapy themes

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Maladjustment related to interpersonal relationships

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Group therapy rationale

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Treatment in a social context Support Cost-effective

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Closed group therapy

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The group has the same participants from start to finish. The same people begin and end the group together

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Open group therapy

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Members may join or leave at any time so there are potentially different members throughout.

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Characteristics of group therapies

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Can be open or closed Short-term vs. Ongoing Professionally led vs. peer support Group therapy vs. Support group

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Professionally led vs. peer support group therapies

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Professional training in the leader vs. one of the group members leading the group.

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Group therapy vs. support group

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Group therapy more structured process and deeper changes sought. Support group- provision of emotional support to the group members.

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Group Therapies can be...

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Support groups Education/specific treatment groups Psychoanalytic Gestalt groups Behavior Therapy

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Support groups

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Provide a psychosocial network and offer opportunities for problem-sharing, usually for patients with chronic mental and physical illness for whom a more exploratory dynamic form of therapy would not be indicated.

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Education/specific treatment groups

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Psycho-educational group provides information/education to the group members. E.g. what is involved in bereavement. Treatment group - deeper goals for change E.g. Facilitate the bereavement process

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Psychoanalytic Group Therapies

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Group therapy with specific psychoanalytic goals such as: -making the unconscious conscious, -working through conflicts. -group members as reconstructed family and transference issues.

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Gestalt Group Therapy

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Assisting group members in experiencing life in the moment, linking thoughts feelings and behaviors. Focus is on one group member at a time. "hot seat" asked to experience their feelings & behavior. (or "lose their mind" and find their senses. *At times also use role playing, dreams, and dialogues between patients.

question

In what type of group therapies are other group members are observers who are called upon to make comments about the individual in the hot seat?

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Gestalt therapy

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Effectiveness of Gestalt therapy

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Lack of research to support effectiveness generalizing beyond the group setting.

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Behavior Group Therapy

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Group therapy with behavioral goals such as: -modeling new behaviors -practicing new behaviors - reinforcing appropriate positive behaviors (and ignoring unwanted behaviors). Therapist plays a very active directive role. (providing lessons, skills training , & homework assignments.

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Effectiveness of Behaviour Group Therapy

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Research supports efficacy of BT and CBT groups for treatment of depression, pain, anxiety & other problems.

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Assertiveness in behaviour therapy

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Practicing assertive behavior in a group setting is the treatment of choice.

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Encounter Groups - a.k.a. personal growth, T-groups, human potential groups etc.

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Popularized in 1960s 8-20 members Short (hours or days) Value interpersonal honesty, exploration, confrontation, emotional expression, and self-disclosure.

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What is the goal in personal growth groups/encounter groups?

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Personal growth. Some types of experience or specific change

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T-groups / Training Groups

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A form of group psychotherapy where participants themselves (typically, between eight and 15 people) learn about themselves (and about small group processes in general) through their interaction with each other. They use feedback, problem solving, and role play to gain insights into themselves, others, and groups through face-to-face interactions.

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The Human Potential Movement (HPM)

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Arose out of the milieu of the 1960s and formed around the concept of cultivating extraordinary potential that its advocates believed to lie largely untapped in all people. The movement took as its premise the belief that through the development of "human potential", humans can experience an exceptional quality of life filled with happiness, creativity, and fulfillment. Those who begin to unleash this assumed potential often find themselves directing their actions within society towards assisting others to release their potential

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What kind of encounter group has its roots in humanism?

answer

The Human Potential Movement (HPM)

question

(Lieberman, Yalom, and Miles, 1973) Study on Therapy Groups found that groups were very successful in targeting their goals. The emotional activation in clients as well as executive functioning changed over the group. What were the leader variables they found?

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Emotional activation of clients, executive functioning, caring, and meaning attribution

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Pros of Internet Groups

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Anonymous Allows people greater access, especially in cases of disability or geographic factors Flexible and convenient

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Cons of Internet Groups

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Technology lacks reliability and privacy protection, Stories or people may be fictionalized

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Number of members - __-___ is the ideal size of a group

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8-12

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Role of leader in humanistic groups

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validate group members, genuineness, positive unconditional regard

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Role of leader in psychoanalytic groups

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Assist group members in bringing the unconsciosu into consciousness.

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Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy Group

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The group is the vehicle through which the individual can express and eventually understand unconscious processes & develop better awareness & adjustment. Focus is still on free association, transference, interpretation of resistance, & working through.

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Why is psychoanalytic Group therapy more effective than individual psychoanalysis?

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Observing how others communicate. Lean on other group members. Receive and give help

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Psychodrama (Moreno, 1946)

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Role play with therapist & auxiliary egos (i.e. other group members) This acting brings about catharsis and increased insight & self-understanding. Research supports effectiveness (but small sample)

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Psychoanalytic Oriented Group: Transactional analytic (Berne, 1961)

answer

3 chief ego states: Child Ego State, parent Ego State, and Adult Ego State. The goal of the Ego States is to have an Adult Ego State. *All of these are part of the ego and have their origin in childhood.

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Other Models of Psychodynamic Group Therapy

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*- All models influenced by Freudian Psychodynamic therapy. 1. Interpersonal group psychotherapy 2. tavistock model 3. group analytic model

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Object Relations Therapy

answer

To provide the client with a corrective emotional experience

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Interpersonal Group Therapy (Yalom)

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Group members collectively encouraged to allow adult thoughts & feelings to modify earlier traumatic experiences.

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Yalom's) concept of the social microcosm suggests that group members learn their ____________ styles by interacting with other group members.

answer

interpersonal

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Interpersonal Group Therapy 9 Curative aspects (Yalom)

answer

Group cohesiveness Instilling hope Universality - knowing you're not alone Altruism Interpersonal learning Imitative behaviour Corrective re-processing of primary family Catharsis Education / Imparting information

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In the Tavistock Model (Bion, 1961, the group operates at 2 levels:

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1. "Work group" 2. "Basic assumptions group"

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The Tavistock Model : Work group

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Attempting to meet complete group tasks in an orderly fashion

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The Tavistock Model : Basic Assumptions Group

answer

(i.e. primitive defense responses to anxiety generated by being in a group). - Dependency - someone else (usually group leader) has the power, ability, knowledge to satisfy their needs - Fight or Flight - behave as if some external threat - Pairing - 2 members long intense discussion

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The analysts function in the Tavistock model

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Analyst (opaque) - "outside of the group" not interacting with individual members.

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Group Analysis Model (Foulkes, 1948)

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Group function: Primary impulse is to communicate

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Effectiveness of Group Therapy

answer

More effective than no treatment

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Toseland & Siporin (1986) reviewed 74 studies on the Effectiveness of Group Therapy

answer

75% as effective as individual therapy and 25% more effective than individual therapy

question

Important considerations on the effectiveness of Group Therapy

answer

Patient selection - presenting problem, personality, primary defence mechanisms. Need to consider the group cohesion

Lecture 8 : Group, Family, & Couples Therapy : GROUP THERAPY – Flashcards

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