KRS MIDTEM 1 – Flashcards
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Coakely explains that we should study sports as parts of the social world because sports are
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Closely connected with important ideas and meanings in social life.
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According to Coakley, which of the following is a FALSE statement about ideologies?
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Ideologies are stable and unchanging cultural perspectives
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According to the definition of sport often used by people in North America (according to Coakley), which of the following would be an example of a sport?
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racing in the Indianapolis 500
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According to Coakley, sports are social constructions. This means that they are
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created by people as they interact with each other
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According to Coakley, the definition of sports in any particular context usually represents the ideas and interests of
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some people more than others
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According to Coakley, racial ideology refers to
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ideas and beliefs that people use to give meaning to skin color.
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According to Coakley, when sociologists say that sports are "contested activities", they mean that
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people may struggle over what sports are and who should play them.
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Coakley points out that sport cultures are
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created as people in sports interact with each other.
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According to Coakley, which of the following is least likely to be a concern among sociologists who study sports?
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The motivation and personalities of athletes
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According to Coakley, social class ideology in the United States is organized around
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the idea that income and wealth inequality is normal - a belief in meritocracy.
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In Coakley's Chapter 2, the sport sociologist Mike Messner decided to initiate his research on gender and sports after witnessing events at
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his son's soccer season opening ceremonies
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According to Coakley, the theories that explain what is known about patterns of relationships that influence opportunities to play sports are
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structural theories
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According to Coakley, social scientists generally collect data through the use of surveys, observations, and
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text analysis
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According to Kohlberg, which of the following moral orientations is universally the best guide for resolving moral disputes.
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The Justice Orientation
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Coakley points out that knowledge produced by research in the sociology of sport can be used to
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inform the decisions we make about sports and sport participation
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According to the "Ethical Framework", which of the following is a true statement about Ethics?
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Ethics give us standards of behavior that tell us how we ought to act in many situations
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According to Coakley, sociological theories are different from our personal theories in that they
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are developed by using systematic research and logic
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According to Coakley, theories that explain what is known about the ways that people express their values, ideas and beliefs are called
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cultural theories
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Coakley explained that he uses a critical approach when studying sports in society. As a result many of the discussions in the textbook emphasize
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fairness and equity issues
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In Chapter 3, Coakley cited studies by Anderson and his colleagues which were conducted between 2000 and 2010 which indicate that
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homophobia declined in many sport cultures
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According to Coakley, recent studies of socialization are based on social interaction models rather than personal internalization models. Social interaction models emphasize that human beings are
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active decision makers who give meaning to their experiences
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According to Coakley, data on health, physical activity, and sports indicates that
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some competitive sorts have high health costs because injury rates are high
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According to Coakley, power and performance sports are dominant today primarily because they
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emphasize competition and validate the status of wealthy people
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Coakley believes that many sociologists see sports as important because sports are involved in hegemonic processes in society. Hegemony refers to a social process through which.
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people come to agree with and accept particular ideologies
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According to Coakley, data on sports and obesity indicate that
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the popularity of sports does not automatically lead to reduced obesity rates
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According to Coakley, in the United States, the young people most likely to receive encouragement from friends, family, and teachers to play sports
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are African American
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A review of the socialization research lead Coakley to conclude that the impact that sports and sports participation have on people depends upon
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the meanings people give to sports in their lives
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Pleasure and participation sports, as defined by Coakley, tend to emphasize
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connections with other people and the environment
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According to the Historical Introduction to the Shields and Bredemeier article, which of the following is true.
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The idea that sport builds character developed in Britain and was focused on the idea that sport should be a leisure activity which was not serious.
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Coakley reports that according to the National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism...
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Sports eents can be attractive to terrorists because they receive media coverage.
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According to Coakley, deviant overconformity is associated with some forms of violence in sport. The roots of this violence are grounded in ...
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The desire to gain reaffirmation for one's identity as an athlete
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Coakley reported research which suggests that violent confrontations between sport spectators is most likely when
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There are existing tensions and conflicts in a community or society.
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According to Coakley, watching sports on television often leads viewers to be
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Emotionally expressive, but not overtly violent.
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According to Coakley, information on violence in women's contact sports suggests that women are
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Less likely than men to use violence as proof of their sexual identity
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As defined in Chapter 6, aggression refers to
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Verbal or physical actions intended to control or do harm to another person.
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According to Coakely, is difficult to reduce the injuries that occur in power and performance sports because
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Most serious injuries occur within the rules in these sports.
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Coakley reported that studies show that in comparison with sports today, the tournaments and sport activities in medieval and early modern Europe were
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More violent
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Coakley argues that players in noncontact sports are
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Seldom rewarded for aggressive behaviors.
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According to Coakely, some forms of violence are accepted widely by athletes and even used as a basis for gaining status among fellow athletes. These include:
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Borderline violence and brutal body contact.
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According to Coakley, athletes who engage in deviant underconformity are usually punished or cut from teams; athletes who engage in deviant overconformity are
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Likely to experience health problems as a result
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Coakley feels that it has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because
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All training involves surpassing limits that are accepted as normal in society
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In Chapter 5, the model of a professional athlete's career shows that when athletes move from the amateur level to the professional level in a sport like cycling, they
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Train so intensely that it causes physiological damage to their bodies.
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According to Coakley, the sport ethic becomes a source of dangerous deviance in sports when:
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People in sports don't set boundaries to limit overconformity to the ethic.
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Coakley feels that to make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity, sport would have to be organized around a commitment to
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The health and well-eing of athletes.
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According to Coakley, which of the following is NOT true about norms?
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The differ from one situation to the next.
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According to Coakley, an absolutist approach to deviance in sports is based on the assumption that
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Humans have inborn tendencies to be evil.
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In the film "League of Denial", the producers compare the NFL to what large industry in terms of their reporting of head injury data?
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Big tobacco
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Coakley suggests that doping control will not be successful until
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The culture and structure of high performance sports are changed.
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When athletes collectively overconform to the norms of the sport ethic, they may develop "hubris", which leads them to see themselves as separate from and superior to the rest of the community. Coakley explains that this "hubris"
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Leads to a sense of entitlement and lack of concern for people outside their sport.
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According to Coakley, informal games are generally organized to emphasize
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action and personal involvement in the action
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According to Coakley, an emphasis on the performance ethic is most likely in programs sponsored by
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private commercial clubs
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The expert panel that developed the Youth Sports National Report Card which Coakley discussed explained that youth sports in the US
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had lost its child-centered focus
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According to Coakley, a sign that some children reject structured, adult-controlled sports programs is the
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increased interest in alternative sports
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According to Coakley, the potential for child abuse is highest in elite, specialized sport training programs when
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the income of adults depends on the performances of children
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According to Coakley, a negative consequence of the expectation that parents are responsible for the supervision of their childrent 24-hours a day, 7 days a week is that
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parents without resources may be defined as irresponsible
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According to Coakley, the majority of parents today in the US
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encourage both their daughters and sons to play organized sports
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According to Coakley, different sponsors of youth sport programs have different goals. The programs that are most likely to be inclusive and emphasize overall participation are those
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Sponsored by public, tax-supported community recreation organizations
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According to Coakley, organized youth sports in the US were originally developed to teach lower-class boys how to work together peacefully and to help middle-class boys
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counteract the "feminized" values they learned at home from their mothers
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Coakley predicts that changes in organized youth sports will be slow because
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many adults have vested interests in keeping youth sports as they are
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According to the definition often used by people in North America (according to Coakley), sport is an activity that involves
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physical challenges or competitive tasks
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Coakely explains that we should study sports as parts of the social world because sports are
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Closely connected with important ideas and meanings in social life.
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According to Coakley, racial ideology refers to
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ideas and beliefs that people use to give meaning to skin color.
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According to Coakley, which of the following is a FALSE statement about ideologies?
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Ideologies are stable and unchanging cultural perspectives.
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According to the definition of sport often used by people in North America (according to Coakley), which of the following would be an example of a sport?
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racing in the Indianapolis 500
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When Coakley say that the human body is social, this means that
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meanings given to the body and body parts change over time
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According to Coakley, sociology helps us examine
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Social life in context
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According to Coakely, when a coach accuses male players of not playing well by saying that they "play like girls", his statement is most likely to motivate the players if they
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accept dominant gender ideology.
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According to Coakley, the definition of sports in any particular context usually represents the ideas and interests of
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some people more than others
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According to Coakley, when sociologists study sports in society, their recommendations are sometimes controversial because they may call for changes in the
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structure and organization of sports and society
