question

The Sports United to Promote Education and Recreation program (SUPER) developed by Danish and his colleagues has as its goal

answer

to teach adolescents skills in sport that they can transfer to other aspects of their lives

question

In conducting research on the mental preparation of Canadian Olympic athletes, Orlick and Partington found that athletes who performed up to their potential

answer

developed competitive plans

question

Which of the following demonstrates psychological skills training

answer

A and B

question

The ultimate goal of psychological training is

answer

self-regulation

question

Which of the following is not one of the stages in Kirschenbaum's model of self-regulation?

answer

speicalization

question

Using the psychological skill of relaxation learned in baseball to help deal with anxiety before taking exams would be the goal of which stage of kirschenbaum's self regulation model

answer

generalization

question

The main probelm that the baseball player faced in the case study

answer

he had not developed the psychological skill of relaxation

question

Not a phase in PST

answer

intervention phase

question

After PST program has been put in place, how long do athletes need to continue practicing their mental skills?

answer

as long as they continue to participate in their sport

question

In general, most coaches state that their sport is at least what percentage mental?

answer

50%

question

PST takes what type of approach to mental training?

answer

educational

question

Ideally a PST program should be planned, implemented, and supervised by

answer

AAASP-certified sport psychologist consultant

question

Importance of the mental side of sports

answer

does not differ based on skill level

question

the basic premise of stress inoculation training is to

answer

expose the individual to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress

question

An athlete who is under activated commonly experiences which of the following

answer

mind wandering and....

question

Before starting progressive relaxation you should

answer

lie down comfortably and....

question

Effective breathing comes from the

answer

diaphragm

question

Ost has developed an applied relaxation technique using progressive relaxation that can be done at competitions in

answer

20-30 seconds

question

Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us

answer

biofeedback

question

Both Ron Smith's cognitive-affective stress management training and Don Meichenbaum's stress inoculation training are examples of ______ anxiety programs

answer

multimodal

question

Relaxation (anxiety reduction) techniques are usually classified as

answer

cognitive and somatic

question

A good way to increase awareness of psychological states in sport is to

answer

monitor and record your psychological states immediately after practice and competition

question

The relaxation response was developed by

answer

Herbert Benson

question

A good starting point for increasing awareness of arousal states is to

answer

visualize your best and worst performances

question

Two of the most widely accepted coping categories are known as

answer

problem-focused and emotion focused coping

question

Athletes should make sure that when they are performing a skill under pressure, they

answer

breathe out during execution of the skill

question

The state of mind produced by the relaxation response is similar to that described during

answer

transcendental meditation

question

Which of the following is NOT a coping strategy typically employed by elite athletes

answer

superstition

question

Matching hypothesis refers to

answer

matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problems of each individual athlete

question

Which of the following is (are) NOT among the interventions for cognitive-affective stress management training

answer

systematic desensitization

question

Which of the following is NOT a phase in they hypnosis process

answer

autogenic phase

question

Two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are

answer

warmth and heaviness

question

According to the study by Eubank and Collins, individuals perceiving their anxiety as facilitative use more

answer

problem-focused coping and....

question

According to research by Gould and colleagues with elite athletes, athletes

answer

placed a great deal of importance on mental training and....

question

Cognitive reconstructing attempts to

answer

identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements

question

Suggested ratio for the time of inhalation to exhalation when using breath control as a relaxation device is

answer

1:2

question

What is the name of the program that uses videotapes to improve imagery sills and thus enhance performance

answer

sybervision

question

Imagery can improve performance if

answer

it is done systematically

question

According to researcher I. Pavio, imagery has two primary functions, namely

answer

cognitive and motivational

question

Triple Code Theory refers to what three parts of the image

answer

image itself, image meaning, somatic response to image

question

Bioinformational theory states that images have two propositions called

answer

response and stimulus propositions

question

Athletes who incorporate all the senses into their image are going to score high on what aspect of imagery

answer

vividness

question

Vividly imaged events produce an innervation in muscles that is similar to the innervation produced by physically practicing the movement. This is an illusion of

answer

psychoneuromuscular theory

question

Suinn's research showing that electrical activity was preset in the skier's legs as they imagened skiing down a slope

answer

provides support for psychoneuromuscular theory

question

Internal imagery makes it easier for an athlete to experience which of the following senses

answer

kinesthetic

question

The majority of imagery use occurs

answer

during practice and competition

question

Which is NOT a use of imagery

answer

reducing the amount of physical practice time

question

An athlete tries to image shooting a free throw under pressure, but the ball keeps hitting the rim and bouncing off. This is an example of lack of

answer

controllability

question

Basic imagery training involves

answer

controllability and vividness

question

Bioinformational theory states that images have two propositions called

answer

response and stimulus propositions

question

According to Pavio's work on the different functions of imagery, a person's imaging staying relaxed under pressure would be an example of

answer

motivational-specific imagery

question

Imagery functions as a coding system to help individuals acquire movement patterns. This describes what theory

answer

symbolic learning theory

question

When does the majority of imagery occur

answer

during practice and competition

question

How must the performance of imagery performance go about

answer

systematically

question

According to the latest thinking, self-efficacy is not called

answer

self-regulatory efficacy

question

Current view of sport self-confidence views this concept as

answer

state-like or trait-like depending on the situation

question

Self-efficacy theory was originated by

answer

Albert Bandura

question

The probable reason that approximately a dozen runners broke the 4 minute barrier within one year after Roger Bannister originally did was their

answer

expectations that it could be done

question

Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the

answer

belief that you can successfully perform a desired behavior

question

Self-efficacy has been used interchangeably with the concept of

answer

self-confidence

question

Research has indicated that live and filmed modeling increases self-efficacy in muscular-endurance tasks. This is an example of

answer

vicarious experiences

question

Coaches do NOT

answer

provide more beneficial feedback to low-expectancy athletes

question

One's confidence can change as the situation changes. This is known as

answer

state self-confidence

question

Which of the following is NOT a major source of self-efficacy

answer

parental expectations

question

What does NOT benefit confidence

answer

visualization

question

Recent research has identified nine sources of sport self confidence. These fit into which categories

answer

self regulation and...

question

Collective efficacy refers to

answer

each individuals perception of the efficacy of the team as a whole

question

The strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgments comes from

answer

performance accomplishments

question

Coaches often form expectations of athletes based on

answer

performance information and person cues

question

The current view of sport self-confidence views this concept as

answer

state-like or trait-like depending on the situation

question

An injured athlete is feeling depressed and anxious about his rehabilitation and thus has a low sense of self-efficacy. This is an example of using which source of self-efficacy?

answer

emotional states

question

Research by Gould and his colleagues on setting up detailed plans as a way to increase confidence showed that

answer

elite athletes had the most detailed plans

question

Coaching efficacy is composed of all the following except

answer

playing experience

question

Researchers investigating the concept of psychological momentum is sport found that teams of athletes having momentum

answer

were just as likely to perform poorly as to continue to perform well

question

When formulating a goal-setting program with a novice goal setter, it is best to

answer

help the person select one goal from a list of multiple goals she would like to pursue

question

Simply telling an athlete to "do your best" is

answer

not specific enough

question

According to text, goals should be

answer

difficult enough to be a challenge, yet realistic enough to achieve

question

"Out of sight, out of mind" is a reminder to

answer

write your goals down and place them where they can be easily seen

question

Burton in a study of basketball skills found that

answer

goal setting better enhanced performance on low- as compared with high-complexity tasks

question

Dishman found that a spouse's support is

answer

a critical factor affecting exercise adherence

question

It is recommended that appropriate goals should be

answer

a combination of short and long term

question

After a five-month goal-setting program, swimmers were found to

answer

have learned to set performance goals

question

Studies of goal setting in business have concluded that

answer

goal setting works and works very well

question

Directing a performer's attention to important elements of a skill is

answer

one way in which goal setting can influence performance

question

What is NOT a common obstacle in setting goals?

answer

goals are too unstructured

question

"Chipping a bucket of golf balls onto a practice green three days a week" is an example of

answer

a strategy for attaining the goal of "lower my handicap by three strokes"

question

Having a goal to "win the race" is an example of an _____ goal, whereas having a goal to "improve my best time" is an example of a ______ goal

answer

outcome; performance

question

Directing a performer's attention to important elements of a skill is

answer

one way in which goal setting can influence performance

question

In developing a goal-setting program, it is important for individuals to set

answer

process, performance, and outcome goals

question

In preparing for a major competition, many elite athletes structure training to put themselves under the same sort of pressure encountered during the actual competition. This is an example of

answer

stimulation training

question

In a study on figure skaters, self-monitoring helped skaters to become

answer

more task focused

question

An example of Nideffer's broad-external type of attentional focus is

answer

a basketball point guard's rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break

question

Just before shooting, elite pistol shooters display

answer

cardiac deceleration

question

Which of of the following is NOT a key element included in most definitions of concentration?

answer

the ability to narrow attentional focus during intense pressure

question

Which of the following best represents William James's classic description of attention?

answer

it implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others

question

According to a summary of 25 years of research on association/dissociaton

answer

dissociation can reduce fatigue and monotony of training or recreational runs

question

Individuals with a good ability to concentrate, scan, and store relevant cues are likely to score _____ on a concentration block grid in 1 minute

answer

in the upper 20's to low 30's

question

Developing competitive plans should focus on what type of goals?

answer

process goals

question

According to the new multiple resource pools theories, attentional capacity is

answer

distributed throughout the nervous system

question

If a pole-vaulter shifts attention from imagining the approach to the pit to focusing on actually seeing the runway, his attentional focus has changed from ____ to _____

answer

none of the above

question

High scores on the BIT subscale of Nideffer's TAIS indicate

answer

an ability to effectively integrate several ideas at one time

question

A response to either good or bad performances that causes a personal, ego-involved reaction during competition is known as

answer

judgemental thinking

question

Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because

answer

they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues

question

Which of the following is NOT a key element included in most definitions of concentration

answer

the ability to narrow attentional focus during intense pressure

question

Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called

answer

thought stopping

question

Which of the following best represents William James's classic description of attention

answer

it implies withdrawl form some things in order to deal effectively with others

question

According to recent research, instructional self-talk is besst on what type of task?

answer

accuracy

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