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The US Supreme Court can review a state supreme court decision

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only if there is a federal question involved.

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If a case is remanded, it

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is sent back to the original court that heard the case.

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Federal Courts have jurisdiction

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both A and B

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Usually appellate courts look at questions of

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law

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a court rule bearing on subsequent legal decisions in similar cases is called

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precedent

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a writ of certiorari by the Supreme Court Orders

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a lower court to send up the record of case for review

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The Us District Courts are

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trial courts

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a justice who agrees with the result reached by the majority of the court but wants to voice disappoval on grounds which the decision was made would write

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a concurring opinion

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a body of judge made law is known as

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common law

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The power of the courts to determine whether a law or action by other branches of government is called

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judicial review

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Powers held jointly by both state and national goverments are called

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concurrent powers

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in a confederate political system, the central governing unit has

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only those powers granted by the states

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Education

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is primarily a state and local responsibility

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The Supreme Court ceased to interfere with national legislaton on the economy after

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roosevelt tried but failed to expand the court by adding six new judges

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of the different ways of orderin relations between the central goverments and local units, the most common method of the world today is

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the unitary system

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The US Supreme Court

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all of the above

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In a unitary system of goverment, ultimate goverment authority is located

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on a national or central level

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In the case Gibbons v Odgen, commerce is defined as

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all commercial intercourse, including navigation and transport of people.

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Implied powers come from

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the necessary and proper clause

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functions of political parties in the US include all of the following except

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singing up large numbers of committed members

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A political party differs from an interest group in that

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political parties want to operate the government while interest groups do not.

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Progressivivisim was

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a belief that honest, impartial goverment could effectively curb the growing power of large corporations

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the party organization is

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the formal structure and leadership of a political party

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Local party organizations are still important to local campaigns today because

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they provide footsoldiers for the campaigns

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George Washington viewed policial parties as a

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threat to national unity and popular government

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Many political scientists content that third parties

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serve as a safety valve for dissident political groups, preventing major confrontations and political unrest

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A Major reason for the two party system is the electoral system which is based on

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winner take all or plurality system

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Why has the two party system endured in the united states?

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In the beginning of the two party system, there were multiple, historic forces that shaped our two party system into what it is today. The system has been changing and developing as historical events happened in US history. Additionally, the political socialization that decided if a person is a republican or democrat at a remarkably young age. The winner take all system, and how state and federal laws favor the two party system.

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The number of members each state will have in the electoral college changes every five years

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true

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When the two top candidates in a primary compete in a second primary for the majority of votes, it is called

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a run off primary

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When voters can vote in either party primary without disclosing their party affiliation is called

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an open primary

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The bipartisan Campagin Reform Act of 2002 bans the practice of lobbying

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false

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The supreme cour ruled i buckely v valeo that the amount a candidate spends on a campaign cannot be banned under the constitiution

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true

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The purpose of introducing the primary as a means of nominating candidates for office was to

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open the nomination process to ordinary party members and to weaken the influence of party bosses

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Party column ballots were ruled unconstitutional in 1948

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False

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Advertising paid for by an interest groups that support or oppose a candidate or candidates position on an issue without mentioning voting or elections is called

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issue advocacy advertising

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Civil liberties specify what the government cannot do while civil rights specify what goverment must do to ensure equal protection and freedom from discrimination

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true

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The 14th amendment says slavery is prohibited

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False

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The direct result of Plessy V. Ferguson

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the development of a system of legal racial segreation

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The white primary in southern states allowed whites to exclude African Americans from voting in democratic parties

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true

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Defacto Segregation means racial secregation

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False

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The civil rights movement led by Dr. Martin Luther King was based on the philosophy of civil disobedience

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true

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The owner and proprietor of an eatery located at the confluence of three interstate highways, despises minorities and wants to refuse to allow them to eat at his restaurant. His actions violate the

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Civil Rights act of 1964

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The equal rights amendment was not approved in the senate

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false

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Qualifications for President

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1) Natural born citizen of the United States 2) Must be at least 35 years old 3) Resident of the United States for at least 14 years

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Chief Of Party

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this role, the president helps members of his political party get elected or appointed to office.

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Chief Excecutive

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Executes the laws, appoints key federal officials, grants pardons and reprieves.

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Chief Legislator

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Only Congress has the actual power to make laws, but the Constitution gives the president power to influence Congress in its lawmaking. Presidents may urge Congress to pass new laws or veto bills that they do not favor.

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Standing committee

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a permanent committee in Congress that oversees bills that deal with certain kinds of issues

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House vs. Senate

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Congress is split into two chambers—the House of Representatives and Senate. Congress writes national legislation by dividing work into separate committees which specialize in different areas. Some members of Congress are elected by their peers to be officers of these committees

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Money Bills start

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All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills

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Electoral College total votes needed

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A majority of 270 electoral votes is required to elect the President.

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If there is a tie

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Although it was first addressed by Article II, if there were a tie in the Electoral College we would follow the process outlined in the 12th Amendment (ratified in 1804): "the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President" and "the Senate shall choose the Vice-President."

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Census

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taken every ten years

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Marbury vs. Madison

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1803: establishes judicial review as a check on legislative power. Marshall: If the constitution is the supreme law of the land, something must ensure laws are in accordance with it. Judgement against commission.

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Direct Democracy

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a form of government in which the power to govern lies directly in the hands of the people rather than through elected representatives. Every citizen votes on the laws.

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Speaker of the House

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the leader of the majority party who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives

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Chief Diplomat

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Makes friends with other nations

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Commander in cheif

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runs armed forces

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Vice President roles

answer

As President of the Senate, the Vice President has two primary duties: to cast a vote in the event of a Senate deadlock and to preside over and certify the official vote count of the U.S. Electoral College.

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25th amendment

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Presidential Succession and Disability

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Impeachment

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To accuse a public official of misconduct in office

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House rules committee

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the traffic cops of the home, can move bill ahead quick, can slow bill down, can stay or kill a bill altogether

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Franking privilage

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The ability of members of Congress to mail letters to their constituents free of charge by substituting their facsimile signature (frank) for postage.

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Pork Barrel Spending

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This type of spending is inserted into generally non related bill as either a reward or an incentive for political support from constituents.

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Reapportinment

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dividing the seats of the House among the states based on the census

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Redistricting

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State legislatures redraw district boundaries after number of representatives is set by Congress

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Constituent Services

answer

one of the persons represented by a legislator or other elected or appointed official

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Unitary

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A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government

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Federal

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A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

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Confederation

answer

A joining of several groups for a common purpose.

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Process to amend consitution

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two thirds of both houses of congress to propose the amendment and 38 states must agree

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Concurrent Powers

answer

Powers of government exercised independently by both the federal and state governments, such as the power to tax.

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Checks and balances

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A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

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Recall Election

answer

a special election called by voters to remove an elected official before his/her term expires.

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Goverment

answer

Organization set up to make and enforce rules for a society

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Legitimacy

answer

Political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constitution

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Power

answer

no

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Federalists

answer

A term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures.

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Initative

answer

Process through which voters may propose new laws.

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Anti-Federalists

answer

Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states

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Democratic Republic

answer

Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

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Referendum

answer

a legislative act is referred for final approval to a popular vote by the electorate

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Bicameral vs. Unicameral

answer

two chamber. one chamber.

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Weakness of Articles of Confederation

answer

Congress could not levy nor collect taxes from states 1. Lacked power to enforce laws 2. Lacked power to levy taxes 3. Lacked power to regulate trade among the states 4. Required all 13 states to approve changes to the Articles

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Supremacy Clause

answer

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits.

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Authority

answer

right to use power

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Continental Congress

answer

the legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution

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Politics

answer

Method of maintaining, managing, and gaining control of government (who gets what, when, and how)

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Connecticut Compromise

answer

Agreement during the Constitutional Convention that Congress should be composed of a Senate, in which States would be represented equally, and a House, in which representation would be based on a State's population.

question

intolerable acts

answer

(4.1) passed by Parliament in 1774 in reaction to the Boston Tea Party. Passed series of measures including shutting down Boston Harbor and the Quartering Act, which allowed British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes and other buildings. This resulted in the colonists forming the First Continental Congress and drawing up a declaration of colonial rights. - Tom says this was a combination of the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act.

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Totalitariansm

answer

government has total control over every aspect of public and private life

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universal sufferage

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The right of all adults to vote for their representatives.

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Conference committee

answer

A special joint committee appointed to reconcile differences when bills pass the two chambers of Congress in different forms.

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Judicial Restraint

answer

A philosophy that the Supreme Court should avoid constitutional questions when possible and uphold acts of Congress unless they clearly violate a specific section of the Constitution.

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Diversity of Citizenship

answer

Cases which involve citizens of different states and in which the amount of money in dispute exceeds $75,000.

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Federal Question

answer

A question that has to do with the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, or treaties. A federal question provides a basis for federal jurisdiction.

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Trial Court

answer

First court to hear a dispute.

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Rule of Four

answer

At least four justices of the Supreme Court must vote to consider a case before it can be heard.

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Remand

answer

the act of sending an accused person back into custody to await trial (or the continuation of the trial)

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Party Platform

answer

A political party's statement of its goals and policies for the next four years. The platform is drafted prior to the party convention by a committee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidate's strength. It is the best formal statement of a party's beliefs.

question

How is the supreme court checked?

answer

the president appoints people and the senate approves them

question

Political Party Interest groups

answer

Any groups of individuals who agree on basic political interests, and on that basis organize to win control of government.

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Functions of Political Parties

answer

nominate and elect their members to public office, educate the public, mobilize voters by encouraging participation in the electoral process, run the government, serve as the loyal opposition to the party in power

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Party

answer

A citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other. An informal and subjective affiliation with a political party that most people acquire in childhood.

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Organization

answer

Arranged in an orderly way. A group of people who work together to achieve some specific purpose

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Runoff Primary

answer

A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary

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Open Primary

answer

A primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party).

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Closed Primary

answer

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

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Ballot

answer

A document listing the alternatives that is used in voting.

question

Divided Government

answer

Governance divided between the parties, as when one holds the presidency and the other controls one or both houses of Congress.

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One Party State

answer

A political system in which one party controls the government and actively seeks to prevent other parties from contesting for power

question

What types of Cases does the supreme court hear?

answer

Contract and tort; cases for the recovery of land; disputes over over partnerships, trusts, and inheritance up to a value of £30,000; divorce cases. constitutional law

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Public Opinion

answer

The distribution of the population's beliefs about politics and policy issues.

question

Consensus

answer

General agreement

question

Divided Opinion

answer

public opinion that is polarized between two quite different positions

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Political Socialization

answer

Process by which background traits influence one's political views

question

Agenda setting

answer

Determining the actions to take, and prioritizing them.

question

gender gap

answer

A term that refers to the regular pattern by which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates. Women tend to be significantly less conservative than men and are more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending.

question

Functions of the US media

answer

be trash

question

Sampling techniques

answer

can be used to estimate densities and total population sizes population, sample, representative - sample needs to represent the population, probability and non-probability

question

Lobbyist

answer

A person who is employed by and acts for an organized interest group or corporation to try to influence policy decisions and positions in the executive and legislative branches.

question

Ralph Nader

answer

A leftist American politician who promotes the environment, fair consumerism, and social welfare programs. His book Unsafe at Any Speed brought attention to the lack of safety in American automobiles.

question

direct techniques

answer

an interest group activity that involves interaction with government officials to further the group's goals

question

Indirect techniques

answer

a strategy employed by interest groups that uses third parties to influence government officials

question

Independants

answer

people that do not belong to a political party

question

Presidential Primary

answer

A statewide primary election of delegates to a political party's national convention, held to determine a party's presidential nominee.

question

Caucus

answer

A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.

question

501 (c)

answer

tax-exempt groups. = groups are regulated only under tax laws by the irs

question

Buckley v. Valeo

answer

A case in which the Supreme Court of the United States upheld federal limits on campaign contributions and ruled that spending money to influence elections is a form of constitutionally protected free speech. The court also stated candidates can give unlimited amounts of money to their own campaigns.

question

Hatch Act

answer

A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics.

Jeffco American Government Summer course

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