ISS 315 Harlow – Flashcards
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The river that the un-glaciated part of the European lowland in the south from the glaciated plains in the North?
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Rhine River
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What damaged half of the forests of Poland and three-quarters of the forests of the Czech Republic?
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Acid Rain
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In which region of Europe are environmental conditions the worst?
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Eastern Europe
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What are the current impacts of climate change in Europe?
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Global warming, rising sea levels because of melting glaciers, sparse snow cover in Scandinavia, Drought in Mediterranean, increased heat waves affecting agriculture and residents.
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Which non-European country played a major role in the economy of the countries in Eastern Europe?
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United States (not sure??)
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Which country of Europe is primarily located on the European Lowland?
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Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, France, Denmark
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Which of the following factors explain the environmental diversity of Europe?
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Europe goes from Arctic to the Mediterranean, and therefore has a wide variety of climates, vegetation, and human activities. -Has the newest and oldest landscapes in the world. -Latitudinal extent from the Arctic to the Mediterranean subtropics. -The Atlantic Ocean, Black, Baltic, and Mediterranean seas. -The long history of human settlement has transformed Europe's natural landscapes in fundamental ways
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What are the Pyrenees?
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Mountains between France and Spain, home of the basque people, biggest mountain in Southwest European
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Which part of Europe is the region's focus of agriculture, large cities, and major industrial activities?
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North European Lowlands
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Where do most immigrants to France come from?
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Former colonies in both northern and Sub-Saharan Africa
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What is the population of Europe?
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531 million
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Balkanization (Devolution)
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Name for fragmented geopolitical processes; the break up of a state into small hostile units. (balkanization- Yugoslavia, Devolution- Other areas of Europe such as Catalonia)
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What is Irredentism?
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State policies designed to reclaim lost territory. Support of similar people in one country to be apart of another (Moldovia & Romania, Albania & Kosovo, Russia & East Ukraine)
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What is Hegemony?
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Political dominance of one country over another (Russia and Bulgaria)
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Historical eras are represented in European city landscapes?
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Medieval (900-1500 AD)- densely settled, buildings next to streets; green space only near churches and public squares. Industrial (1800-present)- walls, fortifications removed; industrial areas build on edge of cities; urban sprawl developed
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What are the Germanic languages?
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Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Eastern Switzerland and small areas of Alpine Italy
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What country in Europe has the largest population?
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Germany; 81.6 million
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What country of Europe has the largest Muslim migrant population?
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France; 4.7 million
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What european romance language contains many slavic words?
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Romanian
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What is the Hanseatic League?
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A commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns (c. 1400s-1800s). On the Northern European Coast
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Why did immigration to Western Europe increase in the 1990s?
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The fall of the soviet border controls; end of the cold war
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Countries that are NOT a member of the European Union?
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Turkey, Switzerland, Iceland, and Norway
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What were our WW2 allies?
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Everyone except Germany, Japan, and Italy
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What is Secularization?
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Move from traditional organized religion toward irreligious values and secular institutions. 25% of Europeans are secular
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How far west in Europe did the Ottoman Empire expand?
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15 degrees east longitude, in Croatia
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How big is size and area is Europe compared to the US?
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2/3 of the size
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The geopolitical unit invented in Europe
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European Economic Community (EEC)
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Climate type and regions in Europe
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Largely C climates, B in the south, D in the north and east
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What is the major determinant of the early industrial regions of Europe?
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Coal, cheap fuel source
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What is the cold war?
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An ideological struggle between US & Soviet Union (1946-1991), Mostly over Communism vs Capitalism. Divided Germany- refined in 1990. Yugoslavia is fragmented. Czech is split. Migration from eastern Europe and Russia into Western Europe.
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What is the natural growth rate of the population of Europe?
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Very slow, birth rates are lower than death ratees
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Economic cooperation in Western Europe at the end of World War II centered on what commodities?
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Coal and Steel. Europe has been inundated with North American culture
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What kind of organization is the European Union?
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A political and economic Union
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Where are the Protestants the dominant religion in Europe?
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Northern Europe
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What is NATO?
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Bombed Belgrade to force Siberia to accept agreement and end tension
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What is the Iron Curtain?
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Metaphorical name given to the line between West Europe and the Soviet block during the cold war.
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What is the impact from global warming in the Russian Domain?
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Melting of permafrost
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What is the location of highest population densities in the Russian Domain?
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Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Transcaucasus
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What body of water in the Russian Domain that is the world's largest reserve of freshwater?
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Lake Baikal
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What effects might Russia see from climate change?
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Longer growing season, More fertile land, and more water in rivers means better transportation
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What makes Russia distinctive?
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Largest country that spans 11 time zones
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Where are the Caucasus Mountains?
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Between the Black and Caspian seas, Russia's southern boundtry
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What is russification before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union?
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Russification: Placing Russians in places to move along the communist cause. Post Soviet-Union the process reversed
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Since the fall of the Soviet Union, what group of people would be likely to emigrate from the Russian Domain?
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Jews
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Population of the Russian Domain?
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Over 200 million
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Why does European Russia have a higher population than Asian Russia?
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Warmer and can grow more food
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What is Siberia?
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Thousands of miles, cold climate, little precipitation; Western Siberian contains world's largest wetland area, about the size of the US. Contains tundra, tiga, the boreal forest, and permafrost
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What country in the Russian Domain with the largest population?
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Russia
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What is the dominant climate type in the Russian Domain?
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High latitude continental (D)- large temperature extremes and short growing season, also some semi arid climate in the south (B). Grassland steppe has BSK climate
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What is the pollution in Lake Baikal?
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Industrial waste, raw sewage, oil spills, pulp, and paper factories
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What is the capital of Russia prior to 1917?
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St. Petersburg until the Russian Empire collapsed
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What ar ethe primary characteristics of a high-latitude continental climate
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Seasonal temperature extremes and short growing season
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Who are the original founders of Russia?
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The Slavic people
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By the early 1900s, high-culture citizens of Russian emulated another world region. Which region?
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Strong traditions, influenced by Western Europe (France)
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Where are the highest population densities in the Russian Domain?
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Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Transcauacasis
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What is Dachas?
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Country houses only available to the elite
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What is the boundary between Europe and Asia on the Eurasian continent?
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Ural Mountains, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains
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Why did the Russian military invade Chechnya in 1994?
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An attempt to establish an independent state (?)
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Where is the trans-siberian railroad?
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Starts at Moscow and ends in Vladivostok (eastern end of this road)
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Who is the founder of the Soviet Union?
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Vladimir Lenin
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What was social realism of the soviet era in the Russian Domain?
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A style devoted to the realistic depiction of workers harnessing the forces of nature or struggling against capitalism
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Which country invaded the country of Georgia in 2008?
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South Ossetia, Russia
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Who is Joseph Stalin?
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The former general secretary of the central committee of the communist party of the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin was the leader of the soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953. Holding the post of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, he was effectively the dictator of the state.
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What is the primary destination for Russian petroleum products?
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Western Europe
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Why is the environment in Central Asia relatively clean?
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Relatively low population and low development.
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Why is the Aral Sea shrinking?
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Use of water from rivers feeding the sea for irrigation, part of the Soviet program (1950s)
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Most of Kazakhstan's oil reserves are found near which physical feature of Central Asia?
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the vast Tengiz and Kashagan fields in the northeastern Caspian Basin
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What development led to the emergence of nomadic paternalism in Central Asia?
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Domestication of horses
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Which central asian lake is the largest lake in the world?
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Caspian Sea
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Where do most Central Asian people live?
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Where the highlands meet the plains
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What is the name of the collapsible, felt-covered structures that Mongolians live in?
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Yurt (eng), Ger (mong)
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What group is moving to Tibet since the 1960?
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Han Chinese
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What was the most common foreign language of the countries of Central Asia in the 1970s?
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Russian
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What do most climate change experts predict will happen to Central Asia as climate change continues?
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Melting of glaciers and reduced river flows
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What livelihood is "the only feasible way of life on the Tibetan plateau", according to the authors of the textbook?
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Source area of many of Asia's large rivers
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What is the religion of the Uyghur people of western China?
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Muslim. Majority Sunnis
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Where do the majority of people in Uzbekistan reside?
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Uneven, centering on oases
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Central Asian country with both the U.S. and Russia had military bases
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Kyrgyzstan
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In central asia just before 1700s, what military developments changed the balance of power?
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Horses
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Which countries are trying to influence central asia?
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China, Japan, Russia, Europe, U.S.
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Recent migration of people out of Central Asia, who are these migrants, and why are they leaving?
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Russian
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To which language is Tajik most closely related?
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Persians.
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Which central asian country has taken the lead on restoration of the Aral Sea?
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Kazakhstan
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Which of the following countries of Central Asia lies the farthest south?
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Afghanistan
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Central Asia's prominence as a region has increased since the 1990s due to what?
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Establishment of contemporary arts
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Which country of central asia has the lowest population density in the region?
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Kazakstan
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In the Tarim Basin, where do most of the people reside?
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By the oases
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What is a common language spoken by most people in central asia?
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Russian
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Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to Central Asia?
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Dense population
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The Taliban was founded by who?
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Mohammed Omar, 1944
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Countries that are members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization?
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Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kzahkstan, China
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The recently completed Qinghai-Tibet Railway connects what city to the rest of China?
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Lhasa, Tibet to Xining, Qinghai Province
