ISDS 1102 Forbes LSU Fall ’16 – Flashcards
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Successful companies operate _______________, integrating all operations of all departments
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cross-functionally
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integrating all operations of all departments is known as _________________
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operating cross-functionally
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what is a way of monitoring an entire system by viewing multiple inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering feedback on each part?
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systems thinking
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What is information that returns to its original transmitter and modifies the transmitter's actions?
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Feedback
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What is one of Thomas Friedman's 10 forces that flattened the world?
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The Fall of the Berlin Wall (not google, microsoft IPO, or cell phones)
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a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
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system
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a business function, like accounting or human resources, that moves information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate decision making and problem solving
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management information systems
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the department that performs the function of selling goods or services
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sales
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the department that tracks strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit, investments, and assets
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finance
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the department that maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective management of employees
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human resources
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the department that supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or services
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marketing
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the department that manages the process of converting or transforming resources into goods and services
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operations management
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the department that records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
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accounting
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material items or products that customers will buy to satisfy a need or want
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goods
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task performed by people that customers will buy to satisfy a need or want
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services
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what are the 3 functions of a CIO?
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(chief information officer) is responsible for ensuring the delivery of all IT projects, on time and within budget; ensuring that the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization; building and maintaining strong executive relationships
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the legal protection afforded an expression of an idea
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copyright
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the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people
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ethics
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CPO
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(chief privacy officer) is responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information within an organization
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pirated software
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the unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software
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what do databases maintain information on?
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inventory, transactions, employees
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relational database model
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a type of database that stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
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entity
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in a relational database model- stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event.
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what does a relational database use to create logical relationships?
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foreign keys: a primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables
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data-driven website
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an interactive website that is kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database
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database
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maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)
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attribute
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data elements associated with an entity
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allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
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relational database management system (NOT same as database management system/DBMS, which creates, reads, updates and deletes data in a database while controlling security and access)
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data dictionary
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compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model
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metadata
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provides details about data
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record
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collection of related data elements
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primary key
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field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table
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database management system (DBMS)
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creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security
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data model
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logical data structures that detail the relationship among data elements using graphics or pictures
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data element
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the smallest or basic unit of information
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structured query language (SQL)
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asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database
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content editor
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the person responsible for updating and maintaining website content
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content creator
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the person responsible for creating the original website content
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static information
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includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action
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dynamic information
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includes data that change based on user actions
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dynamic website information
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stored in a dynamic catalog, or an area of a website that stores information about products in a database
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ETL
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(extraction,transformation, loading) a process that transforms information using a common set of enterprise definitions; a process that loads information into a data warehouse; a process that extracts information from internal and external databases
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data mining
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the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by raw data alone
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3 challenges facing many businesses regarding information
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collecting information, discerning patterns and meaning in the information, responding to the resultant information
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information cube
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a common term for the representation of multidimensional information
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information cleansing/scrubbing
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the process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information; activities include removing redundant records, fixing erroneous relationships, and fixing inaccurate data
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100% complete and accurate information is
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impossible (the more accurate and more complete, the more expensive the information)
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inconsistent data definitions
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every department has its own method for recording data so when trying to share information, data did not match and users did not get the data they really needed
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lack of data standards
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managers need to perform cross-functional analysis using data from all departments, which differed in granularities, formats, and levels
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poor quality data
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the data, if available, were often incorrect or incomplete; users could not rely on the data to make decisions
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inadequate data usefulness
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users could not get the data they needed; what was collected was not always useful for intended purposes
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ineffective direct data access
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most data stored in operational databases did not allow users direct access; users had to wait to have their queries or questions answered by MIS professionals who could code SQL (structured queer language)
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data mart
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contains a subset of data warehouse information
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data quality audits
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determine the accuracy and completeness of its data
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data visualization tool
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moves beyond excel graphs and charts into sophisticated analysis techniques such as pie charts, controls, instruments, maps, time-series graphs, and more
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Informing
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accesses large amounts of data from different management information systems
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business intelligence dashboard
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tracks corporate metrics such as critical success factors and key performance indicators and includes advanced capabilities such as interactive controls allowing users to manipulate data for analysis
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data visualization
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describes technologies that allow users to "see" or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective
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infographics
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displays information graphically so it can be easily understood
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recovery
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the ability to get a system up and running in the event of a system crash or system failure, restoring the information backup
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backup
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an exact copy of a system's information
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failover
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a backup operational mode in which the functions of a computer component (such a processor, server, network, or database) is assumed by secondary system components when the primary component becomes unavailable through either failure or scheduled downtime
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fault tolerance
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a computer system designed that in the event a component fails, a backup component or procedure can immediately take its place with no loss of service
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hot site
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is a separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business
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disaster recovery plan
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a detailed process for recovering information or an IT system in the event of a catastrophic disaster such as a fire or flood
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3 examples of a type of backup/recovery media
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DVD, disk, tape
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the primary difference (3) between the different types of backup/recovery media
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speed, cost and expense
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type of backup strategy would recommended for an organization that deals with large volumes of critical information
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hourly backup strategy
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type of backup strategy would you recommend to an organization that deals with small amounts of noncritical information
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weekly backup strategy
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disaster recovery cost curve chart
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charts the cost to the organization of unavailability of information, the unavailability of technology, and the cost of recovering from a disaster over time
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cold site
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a separate facility that does not have any computer equipment, but is a place where employees can move after a disaster
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business continuity planning
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creates a way for how an organization/company will recover and restore partially or completely interrupted critical function(s) within a predetermined time after a disaster or extended disruption
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____________ is a specific type of fault tolerance, occurring when a storage server offers an exact replica of the real-time data, and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary/backup server
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a failover
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failback
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occurs when the primary machine recovers and resumes operations, taking over from the secondary server
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how is fault tolerance provided?
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with software, embedded in hardware, or provided in some combination
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cluster analysis
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a technique used to divide an information set into mutually exclusive groups such that the members of each group are as close together as possible to one another and the different groups are as far apart as possible
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association detection
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reveals the degree to which variables are related and the nature and frequency of these relationships in the information
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market basket analysis
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analyzes website information, analyzes checkout scanner information, and detects customers' buying behavior and predict future behavior by identifying affinities among customers' choice of products and services
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time-series information
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time-stamped information collected at a particular frequency
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T/F: market basket analysis is a type of statistical analysis
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FALSE
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T/F: cluster analysis is a type of statistical analysis
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FALSE
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T/F: forecasting is a form of statistical analysis
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TRUE
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forecasts
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predictions made on the basis of time-series information (a type of statistical analysis)
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company uses statistical analysis to automatically detect potential issues, provide quick and easy access to reports, and perform multidimensional analysis on all warranty information?
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Whirpool (not Verizon Communications, BostonCoach or Burlington Northern ; Sante Fe Railroad)
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Operational BI
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manages daily operations and integrates BI with operational systems; has managers and analysts as its primary users; uses real-time metrics for its data; intraday timeframe
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Tactical BI
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conducts short-term analysis to achieve strategic goals; time frame is days/weeks/months; uses historical metrics for data; main users are executive managers
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Strategic BI
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achieves long-term organizational goals; uses months/years for time frame; uses historical metrics for data; main users are executive managers
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data latency
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time duration to make data ready for analysis and loading the data in to the database
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analysis latency
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the time from which data are made available to the time when analysis is complete
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decision latency
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The time it takes a human to comprehend the analytic result and determine an appropriate action
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T/F: the 3 forms of business intelligence (BI) include operational, tactical, and value-added
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FALSE
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statistical analysis
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performs such functions as information correlations, distributions, calculations, and variance analysis
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4 countries expected to have the largest increases in population between 2000 and 2050 (which country is NOT expected to?)
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Angola, palestinian territory, democratic republic of congo, and yemen. (India is not)
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potential business impact from the world's population doubling in the next 40 years?
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developed nations will being to iincrease immigration limits and find that retirees will have to remain on the job to remain competitive & global agriculture will be required to supply as much food as has been produced during all of human history
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what is NOT a potential business impact from the world's population doubling in the next 40 years?
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the time to get products and services to market is being shortened by technology
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On average, how many years longer does each generation live than the previous in the United States?
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3 years
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What are the life expectancies for men and women in many developed countries?
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males: over 75 years females: over 80 years
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potential business impacts from people in developed countries living longer;
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global demand for elderly products and services will grow; pharmaceutical companies will be pushed for advances in geriatric care
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T/F: the cost of healthcare will decrease is a potential business impact for people in developed countries living longer.
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FALSE
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T/F: the time to get products and services to market is being shortened by technology is an example of a potential business impact from the world's population doubling in the next 40 years.
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FALSE
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what kind of society is being created by the growth in information industries?
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knowledge-dependent global society
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3 potential business impacts created by the growth in information industries
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top managers must be computer-literate, knowledge workers are generally paid higher, and downsizing will continue
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Which of the following is not a potential business impact created by the growth in information industries?
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entry-level positions will require less education
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relaxed borders in the European Union, the internet, and international outsourcing is causing what?
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the global economy to become more integrated
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T/F: reorganization is one of the primary reasons for the increase in internet use
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FALSE
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T/F: Organization restructuring is one of the primary reasons for the increase in internet use
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FALSE
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What is one of the primary reasons for the increase in internet use?
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connectivity technology
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mundane commercial and service jobs, environmentally dangerous jobs, and repair of inaccessible equipment such as space stations will be performed by ?
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robots-- who can't perform the jobs of scientists, engineers, and technicians
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What does 50 percent of what a student learns about innovative technology in their freshman year of college become by their senior year?
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obsolete, revised, and taken for granted
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what percentage will of all today's technical knowledge represent in 2050?
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only 1%
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how long does a products entire life cycle last today?
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up to 40 weeks
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what is becoming one of the world's precious commodities?
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time (not currency, energy, or Ebusiness)
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Companies must take an active role in helping their employees balance their time at work with their family lives and need for leisure.
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Time is becoming one of the world's most precious commodities
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? The time to get products and services to market is being shortened by technology
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Pace of technological innovation is increasing
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Demand for personnel in distant countries will increase the need for foreign language training, employee incentives suited to other cultures, and many other aspects of performing business globally.
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the global economy is becoming more integrated
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Which trend has the following potential business impact? Top managers must be computer-literate to retain their jobs and achieve success.
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The growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-dependent global society
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technologies shaping our future
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digital ink, RadioPaper, Teleleving, autonomic computing (* NOT automatic computing)
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digital ink
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technology that digitally represents handwriting in its natural form
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RadioPaper
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a dynamic high-resolution electronic display that combines a paperlike reading experience with the ability to access information anytime, anywhere; could be used to create an electronic book or newspaper with real pages
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digital paper
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any paper that is optimized for any type of digital printing
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teleliving
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using information devices and the internet to conduct all aspects of life seamlessly
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the virtual assistant
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a small program stored on a PC or portable device that monitors all phone calls, faxes, emails, but NOT application processing
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potential business impacts resulting from alternative energy sources (3)
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the deregulation of the energy industry is expected to create a huge spur of innovative entrepreneurship; oil will remain the world's most important every resource
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The cost of alternative energy sources is increasing with technical advances ... potential business impact resulting from alternative energy sources?
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NOOOO
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autonomic computing
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Self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous systems (NOT self-managing computing information system)
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Which of the following is a potential business impact from autonomic computing?
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computers will be able to "self-heal" (not self-protect)
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Which of the following is a potential business impact from teleliving?
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will be able to take over routine tasks such as writing a letter, retrieving a file, and making a phone call (NOT self-protect or self-heal)
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the world's population will double in the next ______ years
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40
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people in developed countries are living ________
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longer; NOT people in undeveloped countries
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T/F: digital ink is any paper that is optimized for any type of digital printing
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FALSE--digital paper is
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the growth in _____________ is expected to create a knowledge-dependent global society
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information industries
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________________ is doubling every 8 years
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medical knowledge
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Digital ink, digital paper, autonomic computing, _________, and alternative energy sources are the technologies discussed in the text as having the potential to change our world, our future, and our lives.
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teleliving (NOT radiopaper)
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Autonomic computing is a _________ computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body's autonomic nervous system.
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self-managing
