Intro To Chem Test Questions – Flashcards
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| CHEMISTRY |
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| THE BRANCH OF SCIENCE THAT DEALS WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPOSITIONS OF ALL MATERIAL AND WITH THE REACTIONS THEY CAN UNDERGO |
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| NATURAL LAW |
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| A STATEMENT THE SUMMERIZES THE EXPERIMENTAL FACTS ABOUT NATURE WHERE BEHAVIOR IS CONSISTANT AND HAS NO KNOWN EXCEPTINS |
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| THEORY |
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| A WELL-ESTABLISHED EXPLANATION THAT HAS WITHSTOOD EXTENSIVE TESTING |
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| HYPOTHESIS |
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| A TENTATIVE, REASONABLE EXPLANATION OF FACTS OF A LAW |
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| EXPERIMENT |
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| A CONTROLLED INVESTIGATION USED TO TEST OR OBTAIN FACTS, TO TEST OR ESTABLISH A HYPOTHESIS OR THE ILLUSTRATE A KNOWN SCIENTIFIC LAW |
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| SCIENTIFIC METHOD |
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| THE PROCESS OF FOLLOWING SPECIFIC PROCEDURES WHEN SOLVING PROBLEMS OR CARRYING OUT PLANNED RESEARCH |
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| APPLIED RESEARCH |
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| RESEARCH THAT WORKS TOWARD THE DEVELOPEMENT ON NEW PRODUCTS |
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| BASIC RESEARCH |
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| THE SEARCH FOR KNOWLEDGE FOR ITS OWN SAKE. |
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| SOLIDS |
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| THE STATE OF MATTER IN WHICH THE SUBSTANCE MAINTAINS ITS SHAPE AND VOLUME |
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| LIQUIDS |
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| THE STATE OF MATTER IN WHICH THE SUBSTANCE ASSUMES THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER, FLOWS READILY AND MAINTAINS A FAIRLY CONSTANT VOLUME |
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| GAS |
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| THE STATE OF MATTER IN WHICH THE SUBSTANCE MAINTAINS NEITHER SHAPE NOR VOLUME |
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| GASES |
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| 1000 TIMES LESS DENCE OF A SOLID/LIQUID |
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| ELEMENT |
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| A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE DECOMPOSED INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES OY CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL MEANS |
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| COMPOUND |
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| A PURE SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE KINDS OF ELEMENTS THAT ARE COMBINDED TOGETHER CHEMICALLY IN FIXED PROPORTIONS |
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| LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS |
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| A GIVEN COMPOUND ALWAYS HAS A SPECIFIC ATOM RATIO AND A SPECIFIC MASS RATIO OF EACH ELEMENT IN THE COMPOUND |
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| HETROGENEOUS MIXTURE |
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| A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES THAT DOES NOT HAVE A UNIFORM COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES THROUGHOUT |
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| HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE |
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| A MIXTURE THAT HAS THE SAME COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES THOUGHOUT |
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| PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
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| CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF A SUBSTANCE THAT IDENTIFIES THE SUBSTANCE WITHOUT CAUSING A CHANGE IN ITS COMPOSITION |
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| COLOR..ODOR..DENSITY..BOILING/MELTING POINT |
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| EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES |
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| CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
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| CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF A SUBSTANCE THAT RELATES TO HOW THE SUBSTANCE CHANGES COMPOSITION |
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| REACTIVITY..RATIO OF ATOMS |
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| EXAMPLES OF CHEMICAL PROPERTIES |
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| INTENSIVE PROPERTIES |
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| THE CHARACTERISTIC PHYISICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES THAT ARE NOT DEPENDENT ON SAMPLE SIZE |
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| DENSITY..BOILING/MELTING POINT..CONDUCTIVITY |
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| EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE PROPERTIES |
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| EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES |
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| PROPERTIES THAT RELATE TO THE AMOUNT OF MATERIAL IN A SAMPLE |
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| MASS..VOLUME |
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| EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE PROPERTIES |
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| PHYSICAL CHANGE |
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| A CHANGE IN WHICH THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A SUBSTANCE IS NOT AFFECTED |
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| CHEMICAL CHANGE |
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| A CHANGE IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF A SUBSTANCE. CHEMICAL REACTION |
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| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS |
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| MASS IS NEITHER CREATED NORE DESTROYED DURING A CHEMICAL REACION |
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| ENERGY |
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| THE CAPACITY TO DO WORK OR TO TRANSFER HEAT |
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| WORK |
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| THE MOVEMENT OF A MASS THROUGH A DISTANCE |
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| MATTER |
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| ANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND TAKE UP SPACE |
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| MASS |
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| A MEASURE OF THE QUANTITY OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT |
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| WEIGHT |
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| THE FORCE OF GRAVITY ACTING ON THE MASS OF A PARTICULAR OBJECT |
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| KINETIC ENERGY |
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| THE ENERGY THAT OBJECT OR MOLECULES POSSESS BECAUSE OF THEIR MOTION |
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| POTENTIAL ENERGRY |
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| THE STORED ENERGY AN OBJECT POSSESS BECAUSE OF ITS POSITION OR ITS CHEMICAL COMPOSITION |
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| EXOTHERMIC |
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| A CHEMICAL REACTION THAT RELESES HEAT ENERGY |
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| ENDOTHERMIC |
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| A CHEMICAL REACTION THE PRECEEDS ONLY WHEN IT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDINGS |
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| LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY |
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| ENERGY IN NEITHER CREATED NOR DESTROYED DURING A CHEMICAL REACTION |
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| CONSERVATION OF MATTER TO ENERGY |
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| IN NUCLEAR REACTIONS, NEITHER MATTER NOR ENERGY IS CONSERVED BUT RATHER THE TOTAL SUM OF MATTER AND ENERGY IS CONSTANT. E=MC2 |
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| METER..KILOGRAM..KELVIN..SECOND..MOLE |
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| UNITS OF SI |
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| DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS |
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| AN APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING WHERE THE GIVEN QUANTITY AND UNITS ARE MULTIPLIED BY ONE OR MORE CONVERSION FACTORS |
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| PRECISION |
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| THE DEGREE TO WHICH REPEATED MEASUREMENTS OF A QUANTITY ARE IN AGREEMENT |
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| ACCURACY |
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| HOW CLOSELY EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AGREE WITH THE TRUE VALUE |
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| EXACT NUMBERS |
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| ONE THAT HAS NO UNCERTAIN DIGITS AND IS OBTAINED BY DIRECT COUNT OR BY DEFINITION |
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| F=(9/5)(C)+32 |
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| EQUATION FROM CELCIUS TO FAHRENHEIT |
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| C=(5/9)(F-32) |
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| EQUATION FROM FAHRENHEIT TO CELCUIS |
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| K = C + 273 |
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| EQUATION FROM CELCIUS TO KELVIN |
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| TEMPERATURE |
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| MEASURES THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES IN A SUBSTANCE |
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| HEAT |
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| ENERGY THAT IS TRANSFORMED BETWEEN SAMPLES OF MATTER BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES INTHEIR TEMPERATURE |
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| CALORIE |
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| THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REQUIRED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1.0 GRAM OF WATER BY 1C |
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| SPECIFIC HEAT |
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| THE AMOUNT OF HEAT NEEDED TO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF 1.0G OF A SUBSTANCE BY 1C |
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| PERIOD |
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| THE HORIZONTAL ROW OF ELEMENTS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE |
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| FAMILY |
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| THE VERTICAL COLUMNS OF ELEMENTS INTHE PERIODIC TABLE |
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| CONDUCTIVITY |
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| THE CAPACITY FOR TRANSFERING HEAT OR ELECTRICAL ENERGY |
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| LUSTER |
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| THE ABILITY TO REFLECT LIGHT |
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| MALLEABLE |
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| THE CAPABILITY OF A METAL TO BE SHAPED INTO THIN SHEETS |
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| DUCTILE |
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| THE ABILITY OF A METAL TO BE DRAWN INTO A WIRE |
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| ELECTROLYSIS |
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| A PROCESS WHERE A DIRECT ELECTRICAL CURRENT IS USED TO DECOMPOSE A COMPOUND OR IONIC SOLUTION |
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| LAW OF MULTIPLE PROPORTIONS |
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| IF TWO ELEMENT FORM MORE THAN ONE COMPOUND, THE MASSES OF ONE ELEMENT THAT COMBINE WITH A FIXED MASS OF THE SECOND ELEMENTS ARE IN SIMPLE, WHOLE NUMBER RATIOS |
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| ATOMIC NUMBER |
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| TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS IN AN ATOM |
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| MASS NUMBER |
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| TOTAL NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS IN AN ATOM |
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| NUCLEUS |
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| THE TINY CENTER OF AN ATOM THAT CONTAINS AN ATOMS PROTONS AND NEUTRONS |
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| ISOTOPES |
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| ATOMS OF A PARTICULAR KIND OF ELEMENT THAT HAVE DIFFERENT NUMBERS OF NEUTRONS |
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| ATOMIC MASS |
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| THE WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF THE ATOMIC MASSES FOR THE MIXTURE OF ALL NATURALLY OCCURING ISOTOPES OF AN ELEMENT |
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| MOLE |
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| THE AMOUNT OF A SUBSTANCE WHOSE MASS IN GRAMS IS NUMERICALLY EQUAL TO THE FORMULA WEIGHT OF THE SUBSTANCE |
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| MOLAR MASS |
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| THE MASS IN GRAMS OF A MOLE OF ANY SUBSTANCE |
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| AVOGADRO'S NUMBER |
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| THE NUMBER OF ATOMS, IONS, OR MOLECULES IN A MOLE...N= 6.022 X 10 TO THE 23RD |
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| AMU--ATOMIC MASS UNITS |
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| THE UNIT FOR EXPRESSING THE RELATIVE MASS OF ATOMS. EQUAL TO 1/12 OF THE MASS OF A CARBON-12 ATOM |
