Intelligent Transportation Systems Architecture Essay Example

on internet connectivity to access networks through WSN. Currently, the internet serves as the physical infrastructure for these networks. The progress in sensor networks is driven by their applications in military operations and surveillance. WSN is primarily used for controlling, monitoring, and tracking purposes. The wireless sensor networks are strategically spread across specific areas in order to facilitate data collection by the sensor nodes.

The wireless sensor networks are used in various applications and industries, including civilian and industrial areas. These networks are used for control monitoring, machine health monitoring, environment monitoring, and applications in healthcare and traffic control (Ezell, 2010). The management authorities in traffic face the challenge of vehicle speed and the network position of the road. The main objective of WSN is to offer a solution for this issue faced by traffic management. The technology of wireless sensor network also aids in the development and infrastructure of ITS.

Solution Architecture

ITS will not be compatible with low-power standards such as ZigBee due to the high-speed movement of vehicles. However, vehicles equipped with sensors face no issues as their batteries are charged regularly. Furthermore, the base stations that collect data about vehicles on the road are strategically deployed in key locations.

The information received is optimized and served exclusively to the necessary vehicle by combining the ad-hoc network, wireless sensor network, and attaching vehicles with Bluetooth devices. The communication model above illustrates how vehicles interact with the wireless network sensor base station located on a specific road. This base station provides information about the condition of that road, allowing cars traveling on it to receive information from base

stations in different areas. Additionally, each base station can sense over 200 vehicles within a range of 100 m.

The vehicle searches for the base station on the road, powered by solar energy. If found, communication occurs with the base station. In cases where the vehicle does not have access to the base station, communication is established using a Bluetooth device.

Technical Specifications

The main goal of Network Topology ITS is to accurately monitor vehicles (Koenig et al, 2011). Accurate monitoring of road events requires precise information about the location of nodes in every area.

The Bluetooth device allows vehicles to create a spontaneous network and exchange information with one another (Verdone and Zanella, 2012). Sensors are placed in well-known areas and busy locations to lessen the need for localization. Avoiding node failures is crucial in order to prevent topology partitioning resulting from power source limitations and environmental instability. As such, the emphasis will not be on the network structure but rather on using a straightforward routing protocol.

Power consumption is a significant issue in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). To tackle this, sensors and Bluetooth devices can be powered by the battery power of vehicles or roadside installations. Another option is to charge these devices using solar power. This approach removes power limitations and enables more efficient utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks in ITS. Emphasizing routing protocols and MAC protocols helps conserve power.

When considering Qos, it is important to also consider secondary factors. In IT'S, Qos support can be obtained for multiple applications such as security, driver updates in emergencies, life-threatening situations, weather conditions, and time-sensitive

tasks (Ezell, 2010). The performance level depends on the capabilities of limited sensors that are processed. Wireless sensor networks can handle many sensor nodes, ensuring scalability and reducing network costs.

The effective formation of the ITS can provide coverage for millions of vehicles, hundreds of areas, and roads (Office of the Federal Register, 2011). By integrating the wireless sensor network (WSN) with the ITS, it becomes possible to monitor and measure traffic on a limited number of roads (Tilahun and Levinson, 2010). Traffic estimation can still be conducted in areas without deployed sensors to gather information about locations and traffic conditions.

The cost of wireless sensor networks decreases due to this factor, and traffic estimation helps make the sensor network capable. The deployment of ITS can be done in both city and rural areas, with ITS generally being considered safe in urban areas due to environmental conditions. This reduces the failure of sensor nodes. The protocols and topology designed and maintained differently directly impact the wider wireless sensor networks.

The primary objective for attackers and intruders is to target security networks like “WSN for ITS” (Cetto, et al, 2011). They can manipulate the data exchanged between sensor nodes, leading to the creation of a false or corrupted representation of road traffic conditions. Sinha et al (2010) state that power limitations are not a hindrance for WSNs, enabling the implementation of advanced encryption algorithms for achieving strong security measures.

Recommendations

The increase in population and traffic has had a significant impact on road safety, highlighting the need to employ Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for improvement. It is crucial to establish

dependable systems that can effectively enhance road safety. The utilization of efficient sensor networks plays a vital role in improving travel safety. Nevertheless, there are currently difficulties in acquiring information about road safety.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) necessitate substantial capital investment and efficient data distribution and monitoring, similar to previous systems. The goal of ITS technologies is to enhance road safety and manage traffic effectively by improving traffic flow in key areas of the main road network. As populations grow and employment increases, many cities may need advanced traffic management systems to cope with rising traffic pressures.

To enhance road safety in the future, it is essential to create and execute a solid strategic plan that considers the fast-evolving technologies. It is important to carefully consider incorporating innovative advanced technologies into the traffic system to improve its efficiency. By encouraging the adoption of non-auto modes of transportation like laser and radar-based systems, steps can be taken to alleviate congestion. Additionally, it is crucial for these new technologies to be economically feasible through cost savings and fixed pricing agreements. Implementing these technologies can effectively tackle various road safety concerns.

It is crucial to prioritize the development of a real-time traffic monitoring and control system for the main road network. Moreover, incorporating a central traffic control system (CTCS) that can facilitate real-time traffic monitoring, emergency vehicle pre-emption, and vehicle priority transfer should be taken into account. Intelligent vehicle safety systems have the potential to improve road travel safety.

Summary

The research centers around the utilization of sensor networks for developing an advanced Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) that improves road travel

safety.

To establish a dependable ITS architecture, this study intends to orchestrate the WSN-BSs installation in key locations for data collection and dissemination to vehicles. The preceding sections have demonstrated the potential benefits of exchanging sensed data between vehicles to prevent accidents. Moreover, the aforementioned sections have addressed various crucial parameters for designing ITS architecture. Additionally, this study proposes several advanced technologies to enhance communication.