Industrial Revolution – Summary Answers – Flashcards
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What was the industry like before the industrial revolution?
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The industry business was mostly ran by cottage industries which were family run businesses.
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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
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England
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Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
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- The technology used in Agriculture started to get better so there was a surplus of food and crops. - Since England was a colnial power, it had a lot of natural resources (coal) which they got from their colonies.
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What industry experienced the Industrial Revolution first?
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The Textile Industry
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What was the textile industry like before the Industrial Revolution?
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Before the industrial revolution, textile was made by cottage industries which were family run businesses. They were hand made and expensive.
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What new machines and ideas became popular during the Industrial Revolution?
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- Inventions - Textile - Steam Engine - Steamboat - Interchange - Mass - Canal - Railroad
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What are raw materials?
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Raw materials are goods that could be turned into something else.
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Where did England and other countries get raw materials?
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From their colonies
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What did they do with the raw materials?
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They sent it to the factory owners so that they could be turned into goods and could be sold.
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What is manufacturing?
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Manufacturing is when you are turning raw materials into goods that can be sold for a profit.
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Where were the goods manufactured during the Industrial Revolution?
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Mills and factories
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What was a major problem caused by urbanization?
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Overcrowding and pollution
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What was urbanization?
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A surplus in agriculture
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What economic system became popular at the end of the Age of Exploration and Colonization?
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Mercantilism
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What is socialism?
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Socialism is the economic system in which the people control production and distribution through the government and then the people share the profits. Under socialism, everything and everyone was equal.
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What is communism?
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Communism an economic system that is the end result of socialist changes.
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What was capitalism?
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When people control the economy and what is bought and sold (from you)
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What did factory owners do to make a lot of money?
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To make as much money as possible, factory owners looked for ways to cut production costs and increase profits.
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Who popularized socialism?
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Kari Marx and Friedrich Engels
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Where did the Industrial Revolution spread after beginning in England?
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Germany- they wanted more advanced weapons; Paris
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agricultural revolution
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A time when new inventions such as the seed drill and the steel plow made farming easier and faster. The production of food rose dramatically.
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Enclosures
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One of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers.
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Factors of production
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Land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
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Unions
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An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.
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Capitalism
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An economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
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Socialism
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A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production.
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Communism
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A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.
