HISTORY EXAM– Ch. 19 – Flashcards
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What does Galileo's law of inertia state?
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That the motion, not rest, is the natural state of an object
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Which of the following was NOT one of the three main concepts at the center of Enlightenment thinking?
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theology
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World explanation in the 15th and 16th centuries encouraged new knowledge by creating new instruments of navigation, including what new invention?
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telescope
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What was Copernicus' primary reason for rejecting the Ptolemaic model of the solar system?
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he felt that it was too unwieldy to be part of God's harmonious creation
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What was Catherine the Great's most significant territorial triumph?
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the partition of Poland
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Locke's ideas about how the human mind learns are based on the theory of which of the following?
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experience
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The triangular trade of the 18th century linked Europe to Africa and to what country?
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the United States
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Which Enlightenment thinker argued in favor of separating and sharing political power?
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Baron de Montesquieu
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The Scientific Revolution's enthusiasm to classify and "order" nature led to a new practice of grouping people by what?
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race
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Who puts the works of Copernicus and Kepler on a list of forbidden books in 1616?
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the Holy Office of the Catholic Church
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Rousseau's Social Contract was based on what two fundamental concepts?
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general will and popular sovereignty
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What was an important result of the Pugachev Rebellion?
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Catherine gave the nobles more power over their serfs
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What did John Locke claim in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding?
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that all ideas are derived from experience
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Which of these was Montesquieu's most famous work?
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The Spirit of the Laws
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How did humanists of the 15th century help provide a foundation for the Scientific Revolution?
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they emphasized the value of of acquiring practical knowledge
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Which of the following was NOT one of the major European countries involved in the Atlantic economy growth?
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Russia
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Voltaire thought that ordinary men...
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were incapable of governing themselves
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What was Frederick the Great's attitude toward religion?
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he was tolerant of individual beliefs
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The consumer revolution came about in part because of...
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cheap production and colonial trade
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The Haskalah movement advocated for which of the following:
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religious freedom and civil rights for European Jews
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Which of the following did the German philosopher Immanuel Kant argue was fundamental to the success of the Enlightenment?
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serious thinkers must have the freedom to exercise their reason publicly in print
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What was an important belief of Frederick the Great?
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he accepted and supported the concept of serfdom
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According to the Aristotelian view of the universe, ...
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the Earth was motionless
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Which of these was one of Galileo Galilei's greatest achievements?
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the discovery of the moons of Jupiter
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How did Andreas Vesalius use the experimental approach in medicine?
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he studied anatomy by dissecting human bodies
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How did Galileo help prove Copernicus' theories true?
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he discovered that Jupiter had at least four moons
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Johannes Kepler was the assistant of what famous astronomer?
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Tycho Brache
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How did Johannes Kepler refine the Copernican model of the solar system?
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he hypothesized elliptical orbits for the planets
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What policy of Peter the Great did Catherine the Great of Russia try to continue?
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bringing Western European culture to Russia
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Which 2 men are generally given credit for creating the modern scientific method?
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Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon
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What did Jean-Jaques Rosseau say about women in regard to their role on society?
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they were naturally passive and should stay at home and care for children
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What was the Pugachev Rebellion of 1733?
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an insurrection of Russian serfs against Catherine the Great
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Isaac Newton's theories were based on the principle that the motions of the universe could be explained through which of the following:
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mathematics
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What did David Hume believe about ideas?
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they can only reflect one's sensory experience
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Which of the following did empiricism emphasize?
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acquiring evidence through observation and experimentation
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Baruch Spinoza believed that God was the same thing as which of the following:
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nature
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A major contribution to the increase in population after 1750 was the addition of what to people's diets
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potatoes
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Tycho Brahe is best known for which of the following?
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his massive collection of astronomical data
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The work of which ancient Greek scholar laid the foundation for early modern knowledge about the earth
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Ptomely
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Religiously, how could both Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson be described?
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deists
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Copernicus feared his hypothesis that the earth rotated around the sun would draw the sharpest criticism of whom?
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astronomers
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Many Enlightenment thinkers believed which of the following?
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that the methods of science should be used to examine all aspects of life
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Which enlighted ruler abolished serfdom?
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Joseph II
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According to Galen's theory of the 4 humors, what caused bodily illness?
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an imbalance among the humors
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Creole refers to people of Spanish ancestry born in _____.
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America
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Who was tried for heresy for defending Copernicus and the heliocentric theory?
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Galileo
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How did the German thinker Gottfried Lebniz perceive God and the world?
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He believed them to be harmonious ad divine plan
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The key feature of Newton's most important work was the law of ___________.
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universal gravitation
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One of the innovations of the medieval university was the introduction of algebra originally created by whom?
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Arabic and Persian mathematics
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Who proposed the first great departure from the Aristotelian view of the universe?
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Nicolaus Copernicus
