History Chapter 9 Section 1 – Flashcards
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What was the first nation to industrialize?
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Great Britain
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What was the second nation to industrialize and how?
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Belgium; a British mechanic opened factories there
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How was the U.S. able to industrialize?
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Abundant supplies of natural resources and borrowed British technology
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Who industrialized during the late 1800s and built thriving economies?
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Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
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Why did eastern and Southern Europe industrialize slowly?
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They lacked natural resources, capital (money), and ideal political conditions
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What was one positive and one negative to industrialization?
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New goods became widely available at low prices; people worked very long hours in dangerous factories
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Who created a new process for making steel?
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Henry Bessemer (and William Kelly)
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Why did steel become the main material used to make tools, bridges, and railroads?
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It was cheap and strong
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Who created the assembly line to mass-produce cars and make them affordable?
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Henry Ford
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Who flew the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1903?
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Orville and Wilbur Wright?
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Who made the telegraph?
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Samuel Morse
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Who made the telephone?
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Alexander Graham Bell
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Who made the radio?
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Guglielmo Marconi
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How did company I were get the capital needed to invest in new technology?
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They sold stock to investors
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Businesses owned by many stockholders...
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Corporations
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What did some business leaders create to control entire industries?
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Monopolies and cartels (groups of big corporations)
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What are two nicknames for monopolies? (One good and one bad)
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"Robber Barons" and "Captains of Industry"
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What is a negative to monopolies?
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Without competition, price would go up and quality of product would go down
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When did the Industrial Revolution enter a second phase?
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Mid-1800s
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Who invited dynamite?
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Alfred Nobel
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Who invented the first simple electric motor and the Dynamo?
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Michael Faraday
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An electric generator...
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Dynamo
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Who invented the electric lightbulb?
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Thomas Edison
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A technological advance where you could replace individual parts and not the whole item...
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Interchangeable parts
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Who opened factories in Belgium to manufacture spinning and weaving machines?
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William Cockerill
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Where was the first American textile factory built?
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Pawtucket, RI
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Who powered the first steamboat with one of James Watt's steam engines?
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American inventor Robert Fulton
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Who developed the first battery?
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Alessandro Volta
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Who inherited his father's steel making business and advanced the steel making industry?
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Alfred Krupp
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Who invented a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine?
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Nikolaus Otto
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Who made the first automobile with 3 wheels?
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Karl Benz
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Who made the first 4-wheeled automobile?
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Gottlieb Daimler
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How did the Industrial Revolution spread in the 1800s?
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Nations sought to catch up to each other and be the most industrialized
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How did technology help industry expand?
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New technology helped to create more and more inventions
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How did the need for capital lead to new business organizations and methods?
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Business needed capital to invest in new technology, so companies started selling stock, thus making them corporations
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How might government change as a result of industrialization?
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The government may need to be watch out for monopolies and create more laws. Also, the economy would boom so the government would have more money
