History and Philosophy of Psychosocial Occupational Therapy – Flashcards

the blend of psychological development in different social environments

-mental illness is God's punishment for evil -people were cursed souls and banished from society -deranged homeless wandered the country -insane people were a drain on society

-Benjamin Rush; mental illness is not from religious cause -urbanization gave rise to public and private institutions -moral treatment -humanitarian and therapeutic approach -clients treated with kindness rather than as dangerous and incurable -occupations are therapeutic

-time of great experimentation in treatment and theory development -Emily Kraepelin: differentiation of symptoms into diagnoses -eugenics movement; sterilization of people with mental illness and disability -Freud: psychoanalysis 1930s-1970s -DSM brought into existence -WWI, WWII and depression diverted funds; asylums dilapidated and unsafe -therapeutic community -ECT therapy in 40s -psychosurgery -lots of new drugs such as Thorazine. help them enough so they can engage in therapy.

-psychiatrist and supervisor of occupation classes at Sheppard Pratt in MD -believed in therapeutic value of crafts to motivate and increase skills of patients -emphasized importance of scientifically documenting effectiveness of occupational therapy - 3 levels of crafts: preliminary, less complex, high functioning

- psychobiology: considers person's performance, history, interests, biology, and neurology. bring in nature vs. nurture too -holistic view of person -emphasized importance of habits (habit training) -stressed importance of balance of work and leisure and temporal adaptation -philosophy of OT

-directed the first occupational therapy program at Johns Hopkins -implemented habit training programs for severely involved clients (progressive schedule of physical activities, self care and self help skills, occupation classes) -person taught to highest level possible - her ideas of habit training were later introduced to mental health hospitals

-neurasthenia, not insanity -emphasized mind body connection -meaningful work, not rest, aids in most successful recovery -hours of work increased until day was filled with interest and self-forgetfulness -developed Devereaux workshops -worked with wounded soldiers with shell shock

-work and occupation as cure -view client holistically -training programs -looking at habits for treatment -lifestyle balance -documentation/justification

OT becomes profession in 1917

-improving client mental health through engagement in occupations -client centered -clients in state hospitals

-rehab movement and war veterans returning -OT shifted in response to psychoanalysis -Gail Fidler: activities can help with ego integration and maturation -crafts allowed opportunity for expression of feelings -idea of therapeutic use of self -more and more drugs

-starting to worry OT is losing identity -psychiatric day hospitals and mental health centers flourish -crafts were de-emphasized; task oriented groups emphasized -Mary Reily- model OT program at USC -emphasize theoretical support for practice

-consists of best ideas from past and restructured to reflect today's beliefs -still grounded in humanistic philosophy -community based and client centered -more collaboration between professionals -drug management since drug use increase

-client centered practice allowed -evidence based practice supported -allows OT to see forest and the trees -broadens the focus of intervention -frames scope of practice -facilitates communication both within and outside our immediate setting