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During the 17th Century

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Several monarchies became absolute

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The traditional society of 17th Century Europe

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Was based on a hierarchy of ranks and sub-ranks that covered everyone from the highest to the lowest

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17th Century rural life was characterized by

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Poverty, disease, and famine

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Kings in the 17th Century faced all of these problems except

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A violent popular movement for a republican form of government

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The roots of French royal absolutism were laid in the days of

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Henry IV

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The Cardinal de Richelieu

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Won the gratitude of French peasants by his peaceful, low tax policies

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Cardinal Jules Mazarin

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Successfully reasserted royal authority that had been badly shaken by the mid-17th century rebellion known as the Fronde

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The great palace of Versailles

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Took 43 years to construct, Was used as the seat of the French government by Louis XIV, and set such patterns of royal splendor that other European monarchs soon copied it

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It can be said of the reign of Louis XIV

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That it became the model of absolute monarchy, but was disfigured by high taxes and growing misery caused by expensive wars

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Jean-Baptiste Colbert was known for

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Giving France a European reputation for the quality of its products

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The "Age of Louis XIV" saw all of the following except

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An attempt to increase social equality by curbing the privileges of the nobility

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The Wars of Louis XIV

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Were so expensive that they left France with a legacy of high taxes and increased poverty

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Eastern Europe differed sharply from Western Europe in the 17th Century in many ways, including

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The peasants of Eastern Europe tended to be serfs rather than free

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In which of these Eastern Europe countries royal or princely power decline rather than increase? (Russia, Poland, Austria, Brandenburg-Prussia)

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Poland

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Frederick William, the "Great Elector" of Brandenburg-Prussia, succeeded because

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He prevailed over the Estates, raised a strong army, and gave nobles greater control over the serfs

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The most important accomplishment of Austria in the 17th Century under Leopold I was

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The defeat of the Ottoman Turks and the conquest of Hungary

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Before the reign of Peter the Great, Russia

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Established a tradition of strongly autocratic monarchy

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Peter the Great made Russia a European power by his defeat of

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Sweden

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In his policies, Peter the Great of Russia did all of following except A.)Introduce Western customs into Russia, bringing women out of seclusion B.)Travel to Western Europe to learn about politics and technology C.)Wage a series of wars that made Russia a European power D.)Introduce constitutional monarchy into Russia

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D.)Introduce constitutional monarchy into Russia

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The Mughal Empire

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Was located in India, had moslem rulers, disintegrated after 1707

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17th Century Poland

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Was so dominated by its nobility that no strong centralized monarchy arose there

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The English Puritans

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Wished to purify not only the Church of England, but also daily life by outlawing theaters, cock-fighting, and other "frivolous" activites

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During the 17th Century the English Monarchy

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Saw its power weakened because of two revolutions

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During the reign of James I

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The colonies of Virginia and Plymouth were established

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Charles I of England did all of the following except A.)Marry a Catholic princess, sister of the King of France B.)Engage in expensive and fruitless wars C.)Disband Parliaments when the members demanded concessions D.)Persecute the Puritans

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B.)Engage in expensive and fruitless wars

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The Civil War in England

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Resulted in a Parliamentary victory over Charles I, who was captured

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The Levelers in England during the English Civil War

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Advocated that Parliament be elected by all male heads of households and that the members be paid

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The trial of Charles I by the English Parliament was of grand significance because

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The heart of the matter was whether the king was subject to the laws of Parliament and had broken them, or whether a king who ruled by divine right could ever be charged by a subordinate body.

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In English history, the Commonwealth refers to

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The period after the execution of Charles I, when Oliver Cromwell ruled

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Cromwell's political power in England was based on

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His control of the army, with the resulting military dictatorship

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In his political treatise, The Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes argued

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That it is possible to reconcile the idea of sovereignty in which the people have the right to rule, with that of absolute monarchy

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The English King restored in 1660 was

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Charles II

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Samuel Pepys

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Was a lesser government official in Restoration England who kept a diary that reveals much about the politics and the society of that time

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Charles II of England

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Had some of the fiscal problems of his predecessor and was suspected of having Catholic sympathies

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The Glorious Revolution in England

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Led to William of Orange coming to the English throne, was caused in part by the Catholic policies of James II, and led to the reduction of Ireland to a virtual colonial status

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John Locke, in his Second Treatise of Government

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Argued that the people had made a contract with the king and could depose the monarch if he broke the contract

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The Dutch Republic in the 17th Century was noted

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For its prosperity and religious toleration

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The Dutch were able to maintain their tradition of local sovereignty when most successful states of the 17th Century were developing strong central government because

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The great prosperity of the Dutch in the 17th Century moderated any pressure to impose a strong authority from above

History 150 Chapter 13 – Flashcards

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