question

alternation of generations

answer

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte; characteristic of plants.

question

androecium

answer

stamens collectively

question

anther

answer

the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen

question

calyx

answer

the sepals of a flower collectively

question

carpel

answer

ovary, style and stigma; may occur singly or as one of a group

question

corolla

answer

the whorl of petals that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth

question

fern "seed"

answer

spore, not a seed

question

actinomorphic

answer

radial symmetry in a flower

question

zygomorphic

answer

bilateral symmetry in a flower

question

frond

answer

rachis and leaf of a fern

question

gametophyte

answer

in fern, tiny plant that produces sex cells

question

gynoecium (or pistil)

answer

female reproductive part of a flower

question

ovary

answer

part of female reproductive organ that contains ovules and ripens into a fruit

question

perianth

answer

the structures around the ovary: androecium, calyx and corolla

question

petal

answer

single part of corolla

question

pistil

answer

gynoecium, the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma

question

seed

answer

a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa

question

sepal

answer

one of the parts that form the calyx of a flower

question

sori

answer

cluster of sporangia

question

spore

answer

haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophyte

question

sporophyte

answer

the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations

question

stamen

answer

the male reproductive organ of a flower; it contains the anther and filament

question

stigma

answer

the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil

question

style

answer

the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma

question

allopolyploid

answer

A fertile individual that has more than two chromosome sets as a result of two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes.

question

chimera

answer

an organism with a mixture of genetically different cells

question

circinate vernation

answer

uncoiling of new leaves from the base towards the apex, as in ferns

question

cosmopolitan

answer

found all over the world

question

decumbent

answer

growing along the ground but with the tips rising or erect

question

fiddlehead

answer

the coiled young frond of various ferns - sometimes edible when cooked - also called crosier

question

indicator species

answer

a species whose presence or absence indicates the health of the ecosystem; or a species used to locate another less visible species

question

lycopodium powder

answer

spores of lycopodium species that had or still may have commercial applications

question

ptaquiloside

answer

chemical in bracken fern, brake fern (Pteridium aquilinum)

question

stolons (or runners)

answer

stems which grow at or below soil surface and form adventitious roots at the nodes

question

allicin

answer

Antimicrobial sulfur compound found in garlic

question

anethole

answer

Aromatic compound that is large component of the distinctive flavor of anise/fennel

question

berry

answer

a fleshy fruit developing from a single pistil, with several or many seeds

question

bulbil

answer

small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers

question

bulblet

answer

immature bulb which develops at the base of the bulb

question

calcium oxalate

answer

a chemical compound forming needle-shaped crystals called raphides. Even a small dose can burn, swell and choke, and large doses can cause death.

question

capsule

answer

a dry dehiscent seed vessel

question

compound umbel

answer

an inflorescence with small umbels (umbelets) at the ends of the branches (rays) of a large umbel

question

coniine

answer

poisonous compound in Conium maculatum (poison hemlock)

question

contractile root

answer

modified root that anchor itself by its tips and when dehydrated pulls itself deeper into the soil

question

corm

answer

a short, solid, vertical underground stem with thin papery leaves

question

dicot (or dicotyledon)

answer

a plant that has two seed leaves or cotyledons

question

monocot (or monocotyledon)

answer

a plant that has one seed leaf or cotyledon

question

phytophotodermatitis

answer

a inflammatory eruption of the skin caused by handling certain light-sensitizing botanical substances, especially in the Apiaceae family e.g. cow parsnip.

question

schizocarp

answer

a dry dehiscent fruit that at maturity splits into two or more parts each with a single seed

question

sheath

answer

an enveloping structure or covering enclosing a plant organ or part

question

spike

answer

an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis

question

tepal

answer

an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lillies and tulips)

question

thermogenic

answer

producing heat

question

umbel

answer

flat topped or convex inflorescence with all pedicels arising from a common point (like an umbrella)

question

diphasic

answer

gender-switching

question

drupe

answer

fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond

question

genet

answer

Individual plant arising from a single zygote

question

ramet

answer

individuals produced asexually from the genet

question

Lycopodiaceae

answer

Clubmoss family

question

Ophioglossaceae

answer

Adder's-tongue family

question

Polypodiaceae

answer

Fern family

question

Diphasiastrum digitatum (or Lycopodium digitatum - Lycopodiaceae)

answer

Running-pine (Clubmoss family)

question

Lycopodium digitatum (synonym for what?)

answer

Diphasiastrum digitatum (synonym for what?)

question

Lycopodium obscurum (or Dendrolycopodium obscurum - Lycopodiaceae)

answer

Ground pine (Clubmoss family)

question

Botrychium dissectum (Ophioglossaceae)

answer

Cut-leaved grape fern (Adder's-tongue family)

question

Alliaceae

answer

Onion family

question

Apiaceae

answer

Parsley family

question

Araceae

answer

Arum family

question

Araliaceae

answer

Ginseng family

question

Aristolochic acid

answer

Carcinogenic, mutagenic, and nephrotoxic compounds commonly found in the Aristolochiaceae

question

Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN)

answer

BEN causes chronic kidney disease and upper urinary tract cancers. It is caused by accidental ingestion of Aristolochic acid (AA) affecting residents of villages along the Danube in Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. People are slowly poisoned by eating bread made with flour contaminated with AA. Aristolocheae grow as weeds in their wheat fields. What does BEN stand for?

question

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (of Wild Fauna and Flora. What is it trying to do?)

answer

CITES is an international agreement between governments. Its aim is to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. (What does CITES stand for?)

question

Diphasic

answer

Sex switching

question

Drupe

answer

Fruit with (usually) a single seed enclosed in a hard layer and covered with soft, often juicy flesh, as in cherries or ginseng (which may have one or multiple seeds.

question

Gynostemium

answer

The fusion of both male and female parts (stamens and pistil) into a single organ. This means that the style and stigma of the pistil, with the filaments and one or more anthers, are all united.

question

Panicle

answer

A branched racemose inflorescence with flowers maturing from the bottom upwards

question

Raceme

answer

An un-branched, elongated inflorescence with pedicellate flowers maturing from the bottom upwards

question

Vulnerable plants

answer

Plants in danger of population decline with PA because of their beauty, economic value, or other factors, leading some people to remove these species from their native habitats

question

Aristolochiaceae

answer

Birthwort family

question

Achene

answer

small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall

question

Anemochory

answer

dispersal of seed, fruit, or other plant parts by wind

question

Compositae

answer

Old name for Asteraceae

question

Corymb

answer

flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height

question

Cypsela

answer

The fruit of the Asteraceae is achene-like. What is it called? Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per fruit is formed.

question

Epizoochory

answer

the transport of the seeds or fruits of plants on the surface of animal bodies (hairs, feathers, paws).

question

poison ivy

answer

Jewel-weed a folk cure for what?

question

Lydia E. Pinkham's vegetable compound

answer

One of the best known patent medicines of the 19th century containing five herbs, including White Wood Aster (Eurybia divaricata). Still available today.

question

Araliaceae (Ginseng family)

answer

Dicot. Simple umbels, 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, fruit a drupe, INFERIOR OVARY-which family?

question

Apiaceae (Parsley family characteristics)

answer

Dicot. Compound umbels, 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens, fruit a schizocarp, INFERIOR OVARY (Name the family).

question

Alliaceae (Characteristics of the Onion family)

answer

Monocot. Simple umbel, 6 stamens, 6 tepals, fruit a 3-lobed capsule; SUPERIOR OVARY (what family?)

question

Raphides (are in which plant of the Araceae family)

answer

Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus) Araceae family contains needle-like calcium oxalate crystals called -----?

question

globular mass (a compound fruit produced by what plant?)

answer

What kind of fruit is produced by Skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus)?

question

Skunk cabbage produces heat

answer

Symplocarpus foetidus is thermogenic (Common name and what does thermogenic mean?)

question

Is Wild sarsaparilla a colonial plant?

answer

Yes, Wild sarsaparilla (Aralia nudicaulis) is a colonial plant

question

wild sarsaparilla (monoecious or dioecious?)

answer

dioecious (Aralia nudicaulis)

question

Does Aralia racemosa sometimes have bright magenta stems?

answer

Yes, Spikenard has bright magenta stems sometimes

question

Primary biologically active constituents in Panax

answer

ginsenosides

question

Adaptogen

answer

Appears to protect the body against stress and restore homeostasis, as Ginseng

question

developmental stages of ginseng

answer

seedling; one-prong; two-prong; three-prong; four-prong

question

Overstory trees for Panax quinquefolius

answer

#1: Sugar maple (acer saccharum) #2: White ash (Fraxinus americana) #3: Basswood (Tilia americana) #4: Tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)

question

diphasic

answer

Panax trifolium (Dwarf ginseng) monoecious, dioecious or diphasic?

question

Balsaminaceae

answer

Balsam family

question

Tremetol

answer

Toxin found in Ageratina altissima (white snakeroot); causes Milk Sickness-killed Lincoln's mother

question

Pyrrolizidines

answer

Toxins found in Packera aurea (Golden ragwort) and other plants - damaging to liver

question

Asteraceae (give common name)

answer

Aster family (give latin name)

question

Aril

answer

A fleshy outgrowth of the funiculus, covering the seed, and generally functioning in animal seed dispersal

question

Autogamous

answer

Inbreeding, occurring within a single flower

question

Cruciform

answer

With four distinct petals in a cross shape

question

Eastern Asia-eastern North America floral disjunction

answer

The flora of the North Temperate Zone exhibits striking intercontinental floristic similarities. This similarity is most remarkable between eastern Asia and eastern North America. This represents the fragmentation of a once continuous Mixed Mesophytic forest community. What is the term for this?

question

Elaiosome

answer

a structure on the surface of some seeds generally containing oils attractive to ants, which act as dispersers of such seeds

question

Endemic

answer

a plant that is native to a certain limited area

question

Glucosinolate

answer

A chemical compound found in many Brassicales that functions to deter herbivory and parasitism and also serves as a flavoring agent in the commercially important members of the Brassicaceae

question

Invasive

answer

Usually a non-native plant that when introduced to an area takes over the niche of a native plant

question

Myrmechochory

answer

Seed dispersal by ants - elaiosome is food reward

question

Podophyllotoxin

answer

Present in the rhizome of American Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum). A non-alkaloid toxin used on the skin to treat external genital warts, and in several anticancer agents.

question

Replum

answer

A septum, generally with attached seeds, that persists after fruit dehiscence, e.g. silicles and siliques of Brassicaceae

question

Rhizome

answer

A horizontal underground stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure

question

Silique

answer

A dry, dehiscent 2-carpeled fruit (esp. in Brassicaceae) that dehisces along two sutures, has a persistent partition (replum) and is longer than it is broad

question

Silicle

answer

A dry, dehiscent 2-carpeled fruit (esp. in Brassicaceae) that dehisces along two sutures, has a persistent partition (replum) and is as broad or broader than it is long

question

Tetradynamous

answer

with stamens in two groups of four long and two short (Brassicaceae stamen arrangement)

question

Xenogamous

answer

Outbreeding

question

Berberidaceae

answer

Barberry family

question

Brassicaceae

answer

Mustard family

question

Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae)

answer

Garlic-mustard (Mustard family)

question

Cardamine concatenata (Brassicaceae)

answer

Cut-leaved toothwort (Mustard family)

question

Cardamine diphylla (Brassicaceae)

answer

Two-leaved toothwort (Mustard family)

question

Uterine tonic

answer

Native American women prepared cohosh root (and other herbs) in a tea to ease labor pains, induce miscarriages, and ease menstrual pain.

question

Which family is notable for having a number of taxa that represent a long-recognized biogeographic phenomenon: the eastern Asia- eastern North America floral disjunction

answer

Berberidaceae (Barberry family is notable for having a number of taxa that represent a long-recognized biogeographic phenomenon: the eastern Asia- eastern North America floral disjunction)

question

Which three members of the Barberry family have similar genera in eastern Asia? (Number them in alphabetical order by Latin names)

answer

1. Caulophyllum thalictroides or Blue Cohosh 2. Jeffersonia diphylla or Twinleaf, 3. Podophyllum peltatum or Mayapple (three members of the Berberidaceae that are part of the eastern Asia-eastern North America floral disjunction)

question

Jeffersonia diphylla (Berberidaceae - describe fruit)

answer

a capsule, with a hinged lid; seeds numerous and each bearing an elaiosome (which plant-which family?)

question

Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae - describe fruit)

answer

a loculicidal capsule that is explosive at maturity. Which plant? (also which family?)

question

location of ovary in Balsaminaceae (or Alliaceae or others)

answer

superior ovary

question

Name a colonial plant

answer

Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Hay-scented fern) is colonial

question

What plant uses myrmechochory (any one of many)

answer

Asarum canadense (wild ginger) uses myrmechochory

question

Name a plant that uses anemochory

answer

Packera aurea (Golden ragwort uses anemochory)

question

Dichogamous

answer

Describes plant in which the male and female parts of a flower reach maturity at different times.

question

Diosgenin

answer

___ is a terpenoid compound found in Mexican yams, and is used as a precursor to the synthesis of progesterone

question

Geraniine

answer

A valuable astringent obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum

question

Marker degradation

answer

Developed by American chemist Russell Earl Marker in 1938-40, it is used for the production of sex hormones from plant steroids.

question

Methyl salicylate

answer

oil of wintergreen

question

Monotropa uniflora (Ericaceae) (what is the name of the symbiotic relationship this plant has with fungi)

answer

Myco-heterotrophy (a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon fungi rather than from photosynthesis.) Name a plant that is a myco-heterotroph.

question

Tuber

answer

a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage

question

Urceolate

answer

urn-shaped

question

Teaberry (wintergreen)

answer

Gaultheria procumbens

question

Dioscorea villosa (or quaternata) (Dioscoreaceae)

answer

Wild yam (Yam family)

question

Liliaceae

answer

Lily family

question

Melanthiaceae

answer

Death Camas family

question

Orchidaceae

answer

Orchid family

question

Disjunct distribution

answer

Occurrence of widely distributed and isolated populations or species within a taxon

question

Facultatively xenogamous

answer

Optionally xenogamous - can self when pollinators not present

question

Hemi-parasite

answer

a parasitic plant that contains some chlorophyll and therefore is capable of photosynthesis

question

Holo-parasite

answer

A plant that relies completely on a host plant. Non-photosynthetic.

question

Monotypic

answer

a monotypic taxon is a taxon that has only one species e.g. Medeola virginiana

question

Keystone species

answer

a species that is critical to the functioning of the ecosystem in which it lives because it affects the survival and abundance of many other species in its community

question

Sanguinarine

answer

name of the commercially important alkaloid found in bloodroot; used in toothpaste and mouthwash

question

Succulent

answer

a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs

question

Labellum

answer

the lower petal of an orchid, the lip

question

Labiate (or bilabiate)

answer

having lips or parts that resemble lips

question

Mycotrophy

answer

the symbiotic relationship between a fungus and a living plant

question

Spring ephemeral

answer

forest wildflower that blooms briefly in the Spring prior to leaf-out of the canopy

question

Staminode

answer

Sterile stamen

question

Circumboreal

answer

comprising or throughout far northern regions

question

decussate

answer

arrangement of opposite leaves or other structures at right angles to the preceding pair

question

Deer browse indicator

answer

size and health of palatable plants to deer indicates the size of the herds; also deer browse-resistant exotic-invasive understory vegetation presents an elevated risk of human exposure to the vector tick of Lyme disease

question

didynamous

answer

four stamens, 2 long and 2 short

question

Orobanchaceae

answer

Broom-rape family

question

Papaveraceae

answer

Poppy family

question

(Onion family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Alliaceae

question

(Arum family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Araceae

question

(Balsam family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Balsaminaceae

question

(Barberry family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Berberidaceae

question

(Mustard family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Brassicaceae

question

(Colchicum family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Colchicaceae

question

(Heath family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Ericaceae

question

(Geranium family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Geraniaceae

question

(Lily family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Liliaceae

question

(Death Camas family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Melanthiaceae

question

(Broom-rape family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Orobanchaceae

question

(Poppy family has) superior (hypogynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Papaveraceae

question

(Parsley family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Apiaceae

question

(Ginseng family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Araliaceae

question

(Birthwort family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Aristolochiaceae

question

(Aster family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Asteraceae

question

(Yam family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Dioscoreaceae

question

(Orchid family has) inferior (epigynous ovaries)

answer

position of ovary in Orchidaceae

Herbaceous Forest Plants – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards