HEALTHY LIFE SKILLS: FINAL EXAM - Flashcards

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Which of the following describes the process in which one adopts patterns of behavior that lead to greater life satisfaction?

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wellness

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What is the main purpose of creating a family health tree?

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to discover your personal health risks and strengths

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The stages of change model of health emphasizes that

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change happens as a process

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the aspect of personal health that is most within your control is

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lifestyle

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Adam's sister lectures him daily about the threat his smoking poses to his health. She argues that, if he quits, he would improve both his health and his athletic performance. Adam knows his sister is right, but according to the Stages of Change Model, he will actually quit smoking when he reaches the

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action stage

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Which of the following best illustrates a SMART goal

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I will eat my meals on time and limit myself to one snack daily

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The basic definition of health literacy refers to one's ability to

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obtain and successfully use of health information

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Of the following, the best type of website on which to research health issues is one that is sponsored by

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an educational institution

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Which of the following statements best illustrates a sense of self-efficacy?

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I can do it

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The purpose of making a clinic study double-blind is to

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reduce researcher bias

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Which of the following statements is true regarding family health trees?

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basic information for each relative in the family health tree includes date of birth, major diseases, age, and cause of death

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Mackenzie resolves to start exercising three times a week when her membership at a local gym begins in two weeks. In which stage of change in the Transtheoretical Model is Mackenzie operating?

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preparation

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The basic premise of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory is that people will pursue their highest potential when

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their basic needs are met

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Which of the following is most strongly associated with better mental health?

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optimism

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Which type of intelligence involves self-awareness and sensitivity to others?

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emotional

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Mentally healthy people tend to have

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high self-esteme

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Which of the following is a key to reducing stress and leading a mentally healthy life?

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social support

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You are demonstrating a sense of self-efficacy when you believe you are

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in control of your own circumstances

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The ability to bounce back from an adverse event is know as

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resilience

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Your brain is not fully developed until you reach your

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early twenties

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A person suffering from depression commonly experiences

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fatigue

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Jenna sometimes "shops till she drops," meaning she shops on an exhilarating high until she crashes into a major depressive episode. Jenna's behavior is most common to which disorder?

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bipolar

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Geoff showers four or five times during the course of a day and washes his hands almost every time he touches something. Geoff's behavior most closely resembles symptoms of

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OCD

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Which of the following is a warning sign or event that often precedes a suicide attempt?

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social isolation

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When a person with physiological dependence on a substance needs higher and higher doses to achieve a high, that person is experiencing the characteristic signs of

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tolerance

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The stress response is a series of __________ that occur in the face of a threat.

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physiological changes

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Among Type A individuals, the trait that appears to be most harmful to health is

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hostility

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Which of the following statements displays "hardiness"?

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"My new professor is difficult, but I know that if I work hard enough I'll learn a lot from her."

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Holmes and Rahe created the Social Readjustment Scale to measure a person's

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risk of developing stress-related illness

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_________ are positive thoughts that one can write down or say to oneself to balance negative thoughts.

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affirmations

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Which of the following means standing up for yourself without violating the rights of others?

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assertivness

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The use of "I" statements when speaking

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allows you to be clear without blaming or accusing

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Which of the following is typically characteristic of men rather than women, according to the gender differences in communication found by Deborah Tannen?

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men tend to believe the goal is to "fix" the problem being communicated

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Which of the following statements about spirituality is false?

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spirituality requires participation in organized religion

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Studies have shown that spiritual practices such as meditation and prayer

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reduce the secretion of stress hormones

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How does service learning encourage students to take on a positive role in their community?

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services learning teaches students how to get involved in the lives of others

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According to Deborah Tannen, men are more likely than women to use communication to

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compete

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We are more likely to be happy if we have a close friend living within a mile, but this requirement may be changing due to which of the following?

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social media and smartphones

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Which of the following makes it more likely that two people will develop a romantic relationship?

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proximity

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In comparison with the general public, spiritually connected people

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are likely to receive support from others

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Most young adults have a circadian rhythm that tells them to fall asleep _______ in the evening and wake up _________ in the morning than older adults.

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later, later

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The human brain cycles into two main states of sleep. They are

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NREM and REM sleep

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Scientists believe that creative and novel ideas are more likely to flourish during which state of sleep?

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REM sleep

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Dave lies in bed for a full hour each night before falling asleep and then proceeds to wake up multiple times throughout the night. He most likely has what sleep disorder?

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insomnia

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Which of the following does NOT help create a sleep-friendly environment?

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ensuring variety in bedtime rituals, keeping your mind engaged long enough for sleep to take hold

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Which of the following statements about sleepwalking disorder is true?

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sleepwalking may be brought on my excessive sleep deprivation, fatigue, stress, illness, or sedatives

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ach often wakes up in the morning and finds his refrigerator empty and wonders where all of the food went. He may have which sleep disorder?

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nocturnal eating disorder

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Light alerts the biological clock to slow down the secretion of which hormone that promotes sleep?

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melatonin

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Molly often wakes up snorting and gasping for air in the middle of the night. Molly most likely has what sleep disorder?

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sleep apnea

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hich of the following individuals is most likely to suffer from sleep apnea?

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Don - smoker, 40 pounds overweight, sleeps on back, age 50

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Which of the following is NOT a macronutrient

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vitamines

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All of the following are functions of water, EXCEPT

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providing energy for the nervous system

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The main purpose of proteins is to

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build and maintain body tissue

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Of the following individuals, who needs the least protein

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Christian, a 60-pound seven-year-old

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The fatty acids now considered most hazardous to health are the

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trans fatty acids

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The ability to perform daily living activities with vigor is known as

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health-related fitness

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Which of the following is an example of vigorous-intensity exercise?

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jogging

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The American College of Sports Medicine's recommendations for physical activity include a minimum of

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75 minutes of vigorous-intensity exercise a week

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Holly is preparing a workout plan and wants to include her target heart rate. Holly is 30 years old and wants to work out at 70 percent intensity. What is her target heart rate according to the maximum heart rate formula?

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133

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You can turn light activity into moderate activity by increasing the

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intensity

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Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of ___________ or higher

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30

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Which of the following statements about changing one's lifestyle to be more active is FALSE?

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the termination stage comes when an individual becomes unable to do the activity

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Overweight, a condition that is less serious than obesity, is defined as having an adult BMI between _____ and ______.

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25, 29.9

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John weighs 242 pounds and has a body mass index of 26; John is considered

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overweight

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All of the following are associated with low body fat levels EXCEPT

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increased appetite

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Abdominal fat is considered a greater threat to health than hip-and-thigh fat because abdominal fat

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more easily enters the bloodstream

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Obese people are _____ times as likely as healthy-weight people to die before reaching their expected life span.

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four

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Of the following, the greatest influence on the growth of weight problems in America is

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the growing availability and convenience of unhealthy foods

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For a person who is trying to lose weight, a weight loss of _____ pounds per week is a healthy goal.

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1 to 2

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To find a weight loss plan that offers the best chance of success, you should avoid plans that

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will drastically change your eating patterns

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Eating disorders are most likely to develop during which stage of life?

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adolescence

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Which of the following disorders has been recognized as a psychological disturbance that is associated with obesity?

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binge eating disorder

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Individuals with eating disorders share many of the same thought patterns as people with which condition?

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depression

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achel purges her food after meals. She can expect all of the following health effects EXCEPT

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activation of starvation mode, shutting down all unnecessary activity

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One drink is defined by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as ______ ounce(s) of alcohol.

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0.5

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Binge drinking on college campuses is most strongly influenced by

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social environment

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You drank far too much last night, and as a result this morning you feel like you have had a bad case of the flu. The best way to cope with your hangover is to

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take a painkiller and rest until you feel better

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Alcohol use is a factor in about _____ of suicides in the United States.

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one-third

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Which of the following is the best way to break a pattern of excessive alcohol use?

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set goals for change

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Which of the following statements about tobacco is true?

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tobacco smoke contains dozens of cancer-causing substances

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The average number of attempts required for successful smoking cessation is

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seven

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The tobacco industry's 1998 Master Settlement Agreement with the states resulted in

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advertising restrictions and payments to the state for tobacco education

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Which of the following statements about sodium intake is true?

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most American consume approximately seven times the recommended sodium intake

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The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that people exercise at a THR between ______ percent and ______ percent of their maximum heart rate.

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55, 80

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What type of stretching is most recommended for general fitness purposes?

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static

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A person who perceives himself as insufficiently muscular appearance, regardless of actual muscle size, is said to have

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muscle dysmorphia

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Mary burns 2,000 calories a day; she requires approximately ____ cups of water daily.

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8 to 12

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Which of the following statements is true about fiber?

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increases in daily fiber intake should be gradual

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The most common symptoms of food poisoning are

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nausea, vomiting, and mild fever

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Which of the following common practices creates the risk of transmitting food borne illnesses?

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defrosting meat and poultry at room temperature

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When does the most significant drop in physical activity typically occur in people's lives?

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later high school years and freshman year of college

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Which of the following is one of the most serious long term side effects of severe calorie restriction in women?

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osteoporosis

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The most important part of treating eating disorders, aside from weight gain for severely anorexic patients, is

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psychotherapy

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Which of the following statements about the prevalence of eating disorders is FALSE?

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in the last 30 years, the number of diagnosed cases of eating disorders in the United States has declined

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The body mass index (BMI) is used mainly to determine

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how your body weight may affect your health

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Alcohol abuse can lead directly to all of the following, EXCEPT

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lung cancer

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Smoking is estimated to play a role in ____ % of all cancer deaths

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30

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Approximately ____ % of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking.

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87

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Which of the following statements regarding alcohol use in the United States is true?

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about 35% of adults call themselves abstainers

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Travis passed out on the floor after a drinking contest, and now you can't wake him. The best thing you can do for him is

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call 911

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What is the most commonly used illicit drug among persons aged 12 and older?

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marijuana

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Which of the following is a term used to refer to a substance that causes changes in brain chemistry and alters consciousness, perception, mood, and thought?

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psychoactive drug

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Paco has come to depend on heroin to be able to function normally. A few weeks ago, he attempted to cut himself off, but he experienced severe diarrhea. Paco's case illustrates which of the following concepts?

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withdrawal symptom

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One indicator of physiological dependence is the development of

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tolerance

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Probably the most popular psychoactive drug is

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caffeine

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Which drugs have effects similar to the response evoked during the flight-or-flight reaction?

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stimulants

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Which of the following is true about sexual attitudes in the United States?

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College students and other young adults will be significant in determining prevailing attitudes in the 21st century

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hroughout one's lifespan, the biology of sexual development is directed by

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hormones

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Which of the following statements about condom use is true?

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Condom use provides a barrier against penile, vaginal, or anal discharges and genital lesions or sores

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Which of the following is the most sure-fire way to avoid STDs or unwanted pregnancies?

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abstinence

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Which of the following is true of the hook-up culture?

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sexual regret is among the negative consequences

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The leading cause of death in the U.S. is

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cardio vascular disease

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Which of the following statements about atherosclerosis is false?

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it is an irreversible process

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he optimal range for blood pressure levels is

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systolic, less than 120; and diastolic, less than 80

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Perhaps the most important noncontrollable risk factor for cardiovascular disease is

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age

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Which of the following is NOT one of the major controllable risk factors known to increase the likelihood of cardiovascular disease?

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vitamine deficiency

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What is the leading controllable risk factor for all forms of cardiovascular disease?

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tabacco use

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Which type of diabetes is not associated with obesity?

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type 1

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Type-2 diabetes accounts for ______ of all cases of diabetes.

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90 to 95 %

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What determines which type of cancer an individual is diagnosed with?

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the tissue in which a cancer originates or the primary site

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The most significant risk for most cancers is

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age

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The leading cause of cancer death is attributed to what type of cancer?

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lung

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Which cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (excluding skin cancer)?

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prostate

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Tanning lamps emit mostly UV radiation that is associated with signs of skin aging, such as wrinkling and sagging. In addition, which of the following skin cancers have been associated with tanning beds?

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melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell

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Recommended ways of reducing sun exposure include staying out of the sun during midday (10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.), wearing protective clothing (including a hat to shade the face and neck, long sleeves, and long pants), and using sunscreen with a sun protective factor (SPF) of ______ or higher.

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15

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When evaluating skin for changes in moles, which of the following is not a characteristic to be concerned about?

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frequency

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What is the leading cause of unintentional injury death for Americans at all ages?

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motor vehicle crashes

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What causes the majority of back injuries?

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poor lifting techniques

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Which term describes deliberate mental or physical discomfort, embarrassment, or ridicule imposed as a requirement for joining an organization?

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hazing

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Which type of drug can be obtained from common household products and causes widespread and long-lasting brain damage in chronic users?

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inhalants

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Which of the following is a possible long-term effect of marijuana use?

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chronic bronchitis

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The highest rate of illicit drug use occurs among adults aged ____________.

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18 to 20

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Which of the following statements about the effects of drugs on the brain is false?

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the parts of the brain involved in rational thought are not affected

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All of the following are known to cause erectile dysfunction in men, except

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excessive testosterone levels

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Of the following, the most significant concern about sexting is

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the potentially serious legal consequences

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Which of the following is not true regarding pornography?

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Some scientists have suggested that exposure to depictions of sexual violence and exploitation can increase criminal behavior

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The increased risk of osteoporosis after menopause is the result of a decrease in production of

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estrogen

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Which of the following conditions, with sudden onset, is not a signal that a stroke has occurred?

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ringing ears

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Which of the following statements regarding differences between men and women with heart disease is false?

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Women are more likely to have no symptoms prior to a heart attack

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Marian recently went through surgery in which blood vessels were taken from her legs and then attached to her coronary arteries to allow blood to flow around some narrowed vessels. Which surgical procedure was performed on Marian?

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coronary artery bypass grafting

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During which surgical procedure is a balloon catheter threaded into the narrowed area of a closed vessel and inflated to stretch the vessel open again?

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angioplasty

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Which of the following statements about diet's effect on cancer is false?

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diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk for colon cancer

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Which of the following statements about reproductive behaviors' effects on cancer rates is false?

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pregnancy appears to increase the risk for ovarian cancer

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Which of the following is not a strong risk factor for ovarian cancer?

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use of contraceptive pills

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One of the main screening tests available for prostate cancer is the _______ test.

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PSA

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Risk for endometrial cancer is increased by all of the following except

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having multiple sex partners

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Which of the following statements about violent crime is true?

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Violence is more common on college campuses than in the general population

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What is the predominant trigger for violent acts on campus?

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current or former relationships between the perpetrator and the victim

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Which of the following statements about sexual assault is false?

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Most sexual assault victims are over the age of 21

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Who of the following are most likely to be victims of child abuse?

answer

3 to 6 year olds

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