Health Ch. 24/25 – Flashcards
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technique to counter peer pressure
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refusal strategy
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occurences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected are called ____.
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epidemics
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a condition in which an individual is unable to conceive or has difficulty with conceiving a child is known as _____.
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infertility
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____ is the only 100 percent effective wat to prevent STDs.
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abstinence
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___ is a disease caused by STDs that damages reproductive organs.
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P.I.D or chlamydid
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STDs are hidden epidemic because many people with STDs do not have ____.
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symptoms
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the human papillomavirus causes ____.
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genital warts
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the highest rates of gonorrhea infections in females are found in ____.
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teens
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an STD caused by a protozoan is ____.
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trichomoniasis
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which STD may lead to cancer of the liver?
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hepatitis B
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almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by ____ ____.
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human papillomavirus
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the primary means of transmission of STDs is ____ ___.
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sexual activity
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____ is a bacterial STD that progresses in stages
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syphilis
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____ can be PID and lead to infertitility.
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chlamydia
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gonorrhea can be treated with ____.
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antibiotics
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the first sign of infection with ___ is a sore called chancre.
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syphilis
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the virus that causes AIDs attacks the ____.
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immune system
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an ______ can occur when a person has a weakened immune system
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opportunistic infection
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infection with HIV can be prevented through ______.
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abstinence / (protected sex)
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____ is the advanced stage of HIV infection
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aids
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HIV lives inside cells and ____.
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body fluids
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in the united states, the rate of new AIDs cases is increasing in __.
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teens
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HIV can be transmitted through ___.
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blood
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T cells are a part of the ____ system.
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immune
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as the number of HIV viruses in the body increases, the number of T cells ___.
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decreases
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the ___ stage of HIV infection is characterized by flu-like symptoms.
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first
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the second stage of HIV infection is ____.
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asymptomatic
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the ___ ___ is the most ocmmon confirmation test for HIV in the united states.
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western blot
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about 95 percent of those infected with HIV/AIDS live in the ____.
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third world countries
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once AIDS develops, HIV may attack ____ cells.
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brain
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stage of HIV infection when yeast infections are common
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symptomatic
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stage of HIV infection when opportunistic infecitons occur
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AIDS
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test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood.
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EIA
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a global outbreak of infectious disease
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pandemic
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condition that may develop when people take medicines incorrectly
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drug resistance
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Viruses and bacteria are types of _____.
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pathogens
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_____ are used to treat to treat most bacterial infections.
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antibiotics
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Transmission of a communicable disease by a vector is an example of _____.
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indirect contact
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Transmitting an infection to an unborn baby is an example of _____.
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direct contact
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_____ is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease.
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handwashing
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Organisms that cause disease a. are always dead b. are always visible c. are everywhere d. affect only humans
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c. are everywhere
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A disease develops a. every time a pathogen enters the body. b. if your body cannot fight off an infection. c. if you forget to wash your hands. d. if you take an antibiotic.
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b. if your body cannot fight off an infection.
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A substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions is a. fungus b. a vector c. a toxin d. a protozoan
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c. a toxin
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A communicable disease can be transmitted by a. direct contact b. airborne transmission c. improper food handling d. all of the above
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d. all of the above (direct contact, airborne transmission, improper food handling)
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Which of the is NOT a strategy for preventing the risk of spreading communicle diseases? a. preparing and storing food safely b. practicing abstinence from sexual activity c. handwashing d. avoiding regular physical activity
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d. avoiding regular physical activity
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The ______ is a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogen.
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immune system
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A protein that acts against a specific antigen is a _____.
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antibody
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A _____ causes artifically acquired active immunity to develop.
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vaccine
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T cells and B cells are two types of _____.
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lymphocytes
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You can develop _____ when you receive antibodies from another person or an animal.
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passive immunity
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You experience the _____ when the area around an injury becomes hot, swwollen, red, and painful.
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inflammatory response
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_____ are a part of the body's first line of defense.
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Physical and chemical barriers
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The state of being protected against a particular disease is _____.
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immunity
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_____ are found on the surface of pathogens.
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Antigen
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Some T cells and B cells become _____ and give your body long-term protection against many diseases.
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memory cells
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The most common communicable diseases are a. pneumonia b. mononucleosis c. influenza d. respiratory infections
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d. respiratory infections
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The infection in which te air sacs fills with pus and other liqud is a. pneumonia b. the common cold c. influenza d. strep throat
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a. pneumonia
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The bacterial disease that cannot be spread by infected people who do not have active disease is a. strep throat. b. tuberculosis. c. pneumonia. d. hepatitis B.
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b. tuberculosis.
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All of the following are common communicable diseases EXCEPT a. pneumonia. b. measles. c. mononucleosis. d. jaundice.
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d. jaundice
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Which is NOT a factor in the increase in emerging infections? a. changes in technology b. movement in population c. use of analgesics d. transport across borders
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c. use of analgesics
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Influenza infections can lead to _____.
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pneumonia
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_____ may be used to treat strep throat and tuberculosis.
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Antibiotics
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Chemicals, including drugs or alcohol, and many different pathogens may cause _____.
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hepatitis
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The most chronic blood-borne infection in the United States is _____.
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hepatitis C
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The evidence of _____ in humans has increased with the past two decades.
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emerging infections
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organism that causes disease in plants or animals
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pathogen
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single-celled microorganisms that can live almost anywhere
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bacteria
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proteins that attach to the surface of pathogens
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antibodies
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condition of being resistant to a certain disease
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immune
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chemical that warns healthy cells that pathogens are near
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interferon
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disease that can cause birth defects when pregnant women are exposed to it
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rubella
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substance that inhibits or kills microorganisms
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antibiotic
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substance that contains small amounts of dead or altered pathogens
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vaccine
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The period where the virus/bacteria enters the body and begins to multiply and destroy/damage cells.
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incubation period
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a disease that others can catch and contaminate themselves eith by touching a contaminated object or airborne
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contagious disease
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specialized white blood cell that corrdinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity
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lymphocyte
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What is the difference between the way bacteria injure body cells and the way that viruses injure body cells?
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Viruses will enter a cell, multiply, and kill the cell. Bacteria, however, produces a toxin that damages cells.
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virus; spread by rubbing eyes/nose after picking up virus directly by hand to hand contact or inanimate object contact; symptoms- sneezing, coughing, congestion, sore throat, fever, headache
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common cold
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virus; spread by direct contact with an infected person, passed through saliva; symptoms- swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen; fever, sore throat, headache
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mononucleosis
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bacteria; spread by salmonella bacteria in undercooked poultry; symptoms- vomiting, nausea, fever
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food poisoning
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virus; spread- contact with contaminated shellfish or water; human waste; symptoms- fever, nausea, vomiting, fatique, abdominal pain, jaundice
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hepatitis A
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Is the common cold a virus or a bacteria?
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virus
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Is mononucleosis a virus or bacteria?
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virus
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Is food poisoning a virus or bacteria?
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bacteria
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Is hepatitis A a virus or bacteria?
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virus
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How is the common cold spread?
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rubbing eyes/nose after picking up virus directly by hand to hand contact or inanimate object contact
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What are the symtoms of the common cold?
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sneezing, coughing, congestion, sore throat, fever, headache
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How is mononucleosis spread?
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direct contact with an infected person, passed through saliva
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What are the symptoms of mononucleosis?
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swollen lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen; fever, sore throat, headache
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How is hepatitis A spread?
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contact with contaminated shellfish or water; human waste
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What are the symptoms of hepatitis A?
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fever, nausea, vomiting, fatique, abdominal pain, jaundice
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a yellowing of the skin and eyes
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jaundice
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a disease that is spread from one thing to another or through the environment
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communicable disease
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an organism that causes disease
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pathogen
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a condition that occurs when pathogens enter the body, multiply, and damage body cells
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infection
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pieces of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat
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viruses
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single-celled micro-organisms
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bacteria
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a substance that kills cells or interferes with their functions
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toxin
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an organism, usually an arthropod, such as a tick, that carries and transmits pathogens to humans or other animals
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vector
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a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fights off pathogens
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immune system
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a reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection
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inflammatory response
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a white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens
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phagocyte
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a substance that is capable of triggering an immune response
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antigen
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the state of being protected against a particular disease
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immunity
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a specialized white blood cell that coordinates and performs many of the functions of specific immunity
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lymphocyte
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a protein that acts out against a specific antigen
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antibody
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a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that are introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response
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vaccine
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receiving antibodies from another person or animal
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passive immunity
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trigger the production of B cells and killer T cells
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helper T cels
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attack and destroy infected body cells, don't attack the pathogens themselves, only the infected cells
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killer T cells
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coordinate the activities of other T cells, turn off or supress helper T cells when the infection has been cleared
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supressor T cells
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an infection of the lungs in which the air sacs fill with pus and other liquid
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pneumonia
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a communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
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emerging infection
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infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact
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STDs or STIs (sexually transmitted diseases or sexually transmitted diseases)
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occurences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time are affected
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epidemics
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the deliberaate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs
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abstience
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a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection
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human papillomavirus
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a bacterial infection that affects the reproductive organs of both males and females
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chlamydia
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duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
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urethra
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an STD caused by the herpes simplex virus
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gential herpes
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a bacterial STD that usually affects mucous membranes
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gonorrhea
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an STD caused by a microscopic protozoan that results in infections of the vagina, urethra, and bladder
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trichomoniasis
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an inflammation of the vagina characterized by discharge, odor, irritation, and itching
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vaginitis
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an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete
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syphilis
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What does STI stand for?
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sexually transmitted infections
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What does STD stand for?
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sexually transmitted diseases
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What does AIDS stand for?
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acquired immune deficiency syndrome
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a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened
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AIDS
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What does HIV stand for?
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human immunodeficiency virus
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a virus that attacks the immune system
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HIV
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infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune system
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opportunistic infections
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a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms
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asymptomatic stage
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the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in immune cells
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symptomatic stage
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a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood
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EIA
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the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States
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Western blot
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a global outbreak of infectious disease
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pandemic
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If you are linked with 1 partner you could have sex connection with _____ percent of your city.
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20
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About how many young people are infected every day?
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10,000
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Who makes up 1/4 of the estimated 15 million cases of STDs?
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teens
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If you're not willing to do the consequence, don't do the _____.
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risk
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When was HIV first diagnosed?
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1980
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What are the 3 highest ways for HIV to be passed?
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blood, seman, and vaginal juices
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What percent of babies born to HIV mothers will crioconvert?
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70%
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while the baby is developing an immune system then they don't have it anymore because they become immune to it, and will later become HIV negative
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crioconvert
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T or F Can you get HIV again if you already have it?
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yes, a different strand
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pill regement, concuction of different medicine, not a cure for AIDs but helps prolong your life
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protease inhibitors or AIDS cocktail
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A condom is only _____ percent affective.
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98%
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Worldwide how many people get HIV each minute?
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6
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What is the number 1 killer for ages 25-44 (contracting it when teens)?
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AIDs
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It could take ______ months to _____ years before you find out you have an STD. (incubation period) (answer is same for both)
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6
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What is the most deadly STD?
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AIDs
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What is the best way to avoid getting HIV?
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knowledge
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In 3rd world countries _____ of babies don't ciroconvert.
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30%
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What does PID stand for?
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pelvic inflammatory disease
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