Geography 101 – Flashcards
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The word spatial refers to
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the nature and character of physical space and the distribution of phenomena within it.
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According to the text, the three inorganic Earth realms are the
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hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere.
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Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
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Steady state equilibrium—small fluctuations about an average condition
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Which of the following is TRUE of the biosphere?
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Life processes generally are shaped to the abiotic spheres.
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If it is 10:00 PM on July 3rd at 30° west, what date and time is it at 15° east?
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July 4th; 1 A.M.
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Which of the following is NOT true of meridians?
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They are lines that run in an east-west direction.
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If you were standing at 60° north latitude you would be within which latitudinal geographic zone?
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Subarctic
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A scale of 1:24,000 is regarded as
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a large scale.
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If feedback information encourages a change in a system, what type of feedback has occurred?
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Positive
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Which of the following is an example of an active remote sensing device?
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LiDAR
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Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
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Steady state equilibrium & small fluctuations about an average condition
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Which of the following is NOT true of scientific theories?
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They are absolute truths and can never be proven wrong.
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Which of the following best describes geographic information science (GISci)?
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Field that develops the capabilities of GIS for use within geography and other disciplines.
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Which of the following comprise the fundamental duality in the field of geography?
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Physical versus human & cultural
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The larger the scale of a map, the ________ the area covered by the map and the ________ detail it provides.
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smaller; more
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The difference in Sun time between two places located 30° in longitude apart from one another is
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two hours.
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The diameter of Earth is largest when measured around the
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equator
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Geodesy is the science concerned with the size and shape of Earth.
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True
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Migration and diffusion across Earth's surface is described under the principal geographic theme of movement.
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True
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Photosynthesis in a plant leaf is an example of an open-system operation.
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True
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The Landsat series of satellites is an example of passive remote sensing.
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True
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The "balance of nature" that characterizes well-functioning ecosystems occurs because of predominantly positive feedback mechanisms.
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False
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Conditions that change in an experiment or model are called variables.
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True
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The day officially changes on Earth at the prime meridian.
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False
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The globe is the only map that accurately portrays all spatial relationships characteristic of Earth's surface.
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True
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Scientific theories are capable of generating predictions.
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True
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Areas that display a degree of uniformity are called regions.
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True
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Which of the following is TRUE of the March equinox?
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At all latitudes between the poles, day and night are of equal length.
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Which atmospheric zone supports the biosphere and is the region of principle weather activity?
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troposphere
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Changes in daylength, the Sun's altitude above the horizon, and the Sun's declination over the course of the year
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are responsible for the seasons.
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The sun's declination migrates through ________ of latitude annually.
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47 ; 176
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The highest temperatures in the atmosphere occur in the
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thermosphere
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The thermopause is located
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approximately 480 km (300 mi.) above Earth's surface.
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Which of the following is TRUE relative to insolation at the thermopause relative to latitude?
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Annually, lower latitudes receive more insolation than the higher latitudes.
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By volume, nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the modern homosphere.
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True
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Rainfall is naturally acidic due to the presence of carbonic acids.
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True
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So far, the Arctic region has been free of air pollution.
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False
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Problems with air pollution occurred as far back in time as the Roman period (2000 years ago).
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True
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Auroras are mainly visible at lower latitudes, from the equator to about 15° N/S.
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False
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Earth is closest to the Sun in early July.
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False
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Earth's axis is titled 19.5° relative to the plane of the ecliptic.
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False
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The amount of the solar energy received by a given location varies depending upon the season.
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True
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Earth's axial alignment varies throughout the year.
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False
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According to the planetesimal hypothesis, solar systems condense from nebular dust and gas.
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True
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Relative to the five fundamental themes of geography, latitude and longitude refer to location. regions. human-Earth relationships. movement. place.
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Location
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The key idea behind the scientific method is a the use of intuition in testing theories. b unbridled speculation about the world. c the testing of ideas through controlled observations and experiments. d an appeal to supernatural explanations when natural explanations have not yet been found for a phenomenon.
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c
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The carbon dioxide absorbed by plants is an example of an ________ to a forest and an ________ from the atmosphere. output; output input; output output; input input; input
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input:output
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The dominant wavelength of energy emitted by the Sun is A the same length as that emitted by Earth. B longer than that emitted by Earth. C shorter than that emitted by Earth
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C Shorter than emitted by Earth
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Which of the following is TRUE of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum? A It consists exclusively of visible light and infrared energy. B It consists exclusively of radiant energy made of gamma ray, X-ray, and ultraviolet wavelengths. C It consists exclusively of streams of charged particles. D It consists of gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, and infrared wavelengths.
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D
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Why is stratospheric ozone loss a concern? A Stratospheric ozone is a component of photochemical smog. B Stratospheric ozone is a major greenhouse gas; its loss will contribute to the cooling of the planet. C Stratospheric ozone absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation (UVB and UVC). D Stratospheric ozone contributes to the brilliant auroras.
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C
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Photochemical reactions produce A ozone and peroxyacetyl nitrates (PAN). B principally sulfur dioxides. C carbon monoxide. D particulates such as dust, dirt, soot, and ash.
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A
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Which of the following is TRUE of the albedo of water? A It changes, depending upon the Sun altitude. B It is less for frozen water than for liquid water. C It never changes—albedos are constant values D It is greatest when the Sun is low in the sky.
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A
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Conduction refers to A strong vertical movement of air in the atmosphere. B the behavior of something. C the molecule-to-molecule transfer of heat energy. D strong horizontal movement of air in the atmosphere.
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C
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If the temperature at the surface of Earth (at sea level) is 40°C, what is the temperature at 2000 m if the normal lapse rate is 6.4°C/1000 m? A 33.6°C B 27.2°C C 52.8°C D 46.4°C
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B
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The thermal equator A remains in the same location throughout the year. B is highest over ocean basins. C corresponds with the geographic equator. D trends into the interior of landmasses.
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D
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The Mount Pinatubo eruption in June 1991 affected the atmosphere in all of the following ways EXCEPT which? A A decrease in atmospheric aerosols. B A worldwide decrease in surface temperatures occurred in the two years after the eruption. C The atmospheric albedo increased. D An increase occurred in the amount of energy absorbed in the atmosphere.
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A
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Most countries use the ________ temperature scale. A Celsius B Kelvin C Rankine D Fahrenheit
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A
