fundamental of nursing chapter 6:nursing theories and conceptual framework – Flashcards

a system of ideas that is presumed to explain a given phenomenon

fields of study in which the central focus is performance of a profession role , nursing teaching management, music.

a group of related ideas, statements or concepts

theories that articulate a broad range of the significant relationships among the concepts of a discipline

refers to a pattern of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world

greek word meaning "with" "pattern" four major concepts in nursing that can be superimposed on almost any work in nursing is called a

four concepts to be central to nursing

the individual or client are the recipients of nursing care includes families, groups, and communities

internal and external surroundings that affect the client this includes people in the physical environment such as families friends or significant others

the degree of wellness or well being that the client experiences

is the attributes , characteristics and actions of the nurse providing care on behalf, or in conjunction with, the client

theories hat focus on the exploration of concepts such as pain, self esteem, learning and hardiness

a theory used in academia to describe theories that help elucidate how social structure affect a wide variety of human experiences from art to social practices, in nursing critical theory research helps explain how these structures such as race gender sexual orientation and economic class affect client experiences and health outcomes

is a belief system, often an early effort to define nursing phenomena, and serves as the basis for later theoretical formulations, ex florence nightingale, orem, peplau

often considered the first nurse theorist she linked health with five environmental factors:pure or fresh air, pure water, efficient drainage,cleanliness, and light especially direct sunlight, deficiencies in these five factors produced lack of health or illness

central to her theory is the existence of a therapeutic relationship between the nurse and the client, which involves four phases? (which are) (1)orientation- client seeks help and nurse assists (2) identification-the client assumes posture of dependence or independence in relation of the nurse(nurse understands needs) (3) exploitation-the client derives full value from what the nurse offers through the relationship(power shifts from the nurse to the client) (4) resoultion-old goals and needs are put to the side and new ones are adopted

she also describes nursing as a relation to the client and the clients environment, but unlike others sees the nurse concerned with both healthy and ill individuals and feels it is her role to have these individuals gain independence in meeting 14 fundamental needs: 1. breathing normally 2.eating and drinking adequately 3.eliminating body waste 4.moving and maintaining a desirable position 5.sleeping and resting 6.selecting suitable clothing 7. maintaining body tempature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment 8.keeping the body clean and well groomed to protect the integument 9.avoiding dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others 10. communicating with other in expressing emotions fears or opinions 11.worshipping according to ones faith 12.working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment 13.playing or participating in various forms of recreation 14. learning, discovering,or satisfying the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and using available health physicality's

she views the persona as an irreducible whole, the while being greater than the sum of its parts, she states humans are dynamic energy fields in continuous exchange with environmental files both of which are infinite; both human and environmental fields are characterized by pattern, a universe of open systems and four dimensionality 1.is an irreductable, four dimensional energy field identified by a pattern 2.manifests characteristics different from the sum of the parts. 3. interacts continuously and creatively with the environment 4.as a sentient being, participates creatively in change

her theory includes three related concepts:self care, self care deficit, and nursing systems

her theory offered insight to nurses interaction with individuals and groups within the environment . it highlights the importance of a clients participation in decisions that influence care and focuses on both the process of nurse- client interaction and the outcomes of care

she developed a model based on the individuals relationship to stress the reaction to it and reconstitution factors that are dynamic in nature reconstitution is the state of adaptation to stressors nursing interventions focus on retaining or maintaining system stability, these interventions are carried out in three preventive levels:primary secondary, and tertiary

she focus on the individual as a biopsychosocial system that employs a feedback cycle on input (stimuli) throughout (control processes) and output (behaviors or adaptive responses ) the goal is to enhance life processes through adaptation in four adaptive modes 1. physiological mode 2.the self-cpnceot mode 3.the role function mode 4. interdependence mode

she emphasizes that human caring , although a universal phenomenon varies among cultures she believes in order to assist diverse cultures there are 3 intervention modes 1. culture care preservation and maintenance 2.culture care accommodation, negation, or both 3.culture care restructuring and repaterning

she believes that the practice of caring is essential to nursing , it is the unifying focus for practice translated into 10 different clinical criterias 1- 10 page 44

whom proposes three assumptions about human becoming 1.freely choosing personal meaning in situations in the intersubjective process of relating value priorities 2.is a cocreating rhythmic patterns or relating in mutual process with the universe 3.is cotranscending multidimensionally with the emerging possibles

a suppostion or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon best defines

a group of related ideas or statements best defines

a set of shared understandings and assumptions about reality and the world is a definition for

the best explanation for describing nursing as a practice discipline

person, environment, health and nursing constitute the metaparadigm for nursing because they do which of the following

which is an accurate statement about the role of nursing theory

the purpose of theory in science is to