question

Two types of culture:

answer

folk and popular

question

Folk Culture:

answer

is traditionally practiced primarily by small, homogeneous groups living in isolated rural areas

question

Popular Culture:

answer

is found in large, heterogeneous so-cieties that share certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics

question

What does each cultural element have?

answer

a distinctive origin, diffusion, and distribution.

question

Regional difference for folk and popular culture:

answer

Popular culture encompasses a larger region

question

Where does a group's distinctive culture derive from?

answer

experiencing local social and physical conditions in a place that is isolated from other groups.

question

Why is the distribution of popular culture different?

answer

Connections or lack of it

question

Where does a distinct culture derive from?

answer

experiencing local social and physical conditions in a place that is isolated from other groups.

question

How do areas dominated by folk culture change?

answer

Landscapes dominated by folk culture change relatively little over time.

question

How do areas dominated by popular culture change?

answer

Rapid diffusion facilitates frequent changes in popular culture.

question

What is popular culture based on?

answer

rapid simultaneous global connections through communications systems, transportation networks, and other modern technology.

question

Which is more popular at a global scale?

answer

popular culture

question

What does pop. culture threaten?

answer

popular culture is becoming more dominant— at least for people with the income to have access to it— threatening the survival of unique folk culture, and the quality of the environment.

question

What happens with the disappearance of local folk culture?

answer

it reduces local diversity in the world and the intellectual stimulation that arises from differences in backgrounds.

question

What are built environments?

answer

Each cultural group takes particular elements from the environment into its culture and in turn constructs landscapes.

question

Culture:

answer

as the body of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.

question

Three components of culture:

answer

material traits, beliefs and values, and social forms.

question

Material traits:

answer

the visible elements that a group possesses and leaves behind for the future.

question

Two important beliefs and values of a culture:

answer

language and religion

question

What are social forms?

answer

(ethnicity and political institutions) that maintain values and protect the artifacts.

question

Two important elements of culture:

answer

(Daily necessities) Food, clothing, and shelter. (Leisure activities) Arts and recreation

question

Why are daily necessities part of culture:

answer

Because different cultural groups do it in distinct ways

question

Why are leisurely activities a part of culture?

answer

Each cultural group has its own definition of meaningful art and stimulating recreation

question

Habitat:

answer

is a repetitive act that a particular individual performs, such as wearing jeans to class every day.

question

Custom:

answer

is a repetitive act of a group, performed to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group, such as many students typically wearing jeans to class. It is implied that most of society has adopted this custom

question

Difference between custom and culture:

answer

Customs denote certain elements of material culture like an age group, but culture refers to the entire groups customs

question

What are the two basic factors that help explain the different spatial distributions of popular and folk cultures?

answer

the process of origin and the pattern of diffusion

question

Origin:

answer

a center of innovation

question

Explain the origin of a folk culture:

answer

People generally do not know when ,how, or exactly where. It also may have multiple areas of origination

question

Explain the origin of a popular culture:

answer

It is typically originates from a specific person or location. It is also typically a product of developed countries, esp. North America, and Europe

question

Example of the origin of popular culture:

answer

Popular music, 1900's Tin Pan Alley NY and in music halls of UK

question

Popular music and other elements of popular culture, such as food and clothing, arise from....

answer

a combination of advances in industrial technology (replication of something quickly) and increased leisure time (enjoyment of product).

question

How is folk culture typically transmitted?

answer

Relocation diffusion (migration)

question

How is popular culture typically transmitted?

answer

Hierarchical diffusion

question

How is popular culture distributed?

answer

widely across many countries, with little regard for physical factors. The distribution is influenced by the ability of people to access the material. The principal obstacle to access is lack of income to purchase the material.

question

What influences the distribution of folk culture?

answer

A combination of local physical and cultural factors

question

Example of the distribution of folk cultures?

answer

The different cultures of different mountain groups in the Himalayas

question

How do groups illustrate their culture with paintings?

answer

Through their choices because of religious and personal beliefs Buddhism: Monks and saints that are sometimes terrifying like the environment. Hinduism: Paintings include deities in domestic setting and violence

question

Folk customs are influenced by....

answer

cultural institutions such as religion and by environmental processes such as climate, land forms, and vegetation.

question

What geographic factors account for the diversity of cultures in the Himalayas?

answer

The barriers between the four groups created by the mountains accounts for the diversity of the cultures.

question

Characteristics of folk music:

answer

Originated anonymously and transmitted orally. It has traveled with those that have migrated. Content is most often derived from events in daily life that are familiar to the majority of the people. May tell a story or convey information about life- cycle events, such as birth, death, and marriage, or environmental features, such as agriculture and climate.

question

Characteristics of popular music:

answer

Written by specific individuals for the purpose of being sold to or per-formed in front of a large number of people. It frequently displays a high degree of technical skill through manipulation of sophisticated electronic equipment. Popular musicians have more connections with performers of similar styles, regardless of where in the world they happen to live.

question

Compare the characteristics of folk and popular music

answer

People of both popular and folk music will cluster in a certain area if they share a common style of music, like gospel and country in Nashville Tennessee. Both of their topics also typically center around life events like death and marriage.

question

Describe the Landscape of Music Map:

answer

Musicians whose styles are closely related are depicted as inhabiting the same region. Musicians whose styles are unrelated are shown as inhabiting regions that are not adjacent to each other.

question

Describe how sports have been transformed from folk to popular culture.

answer

Soccer, for example, has an obscure origination, common in elements of folk culture. It then distributed through different groups coming together to play the game. A group like the english, would invite another group and then play with them, which spread the game. In the 1800's, however, recreation clubs were founded in England by churches and schools for leisure. In 1863 a standardized set of rules and regulations marked the movement from folk to popular culture. This was when countries like the Netherlands, Russia, and Spain began to implement the sport. Then later on soccer became televised, further diffusing the sport.

question

Examples of folk sports that have survived:

answer

Wushu, Cricket, Baseball

question

What influences clothing in folk culture?

answer

distinctive agricultural practices and climatic conditions. Religious beliefs, can also influence clothing preferences

question

Example of diffusion of folk clothing:

answer

Poncho

question

Reasons for distribution of clothing styles in popular culture:

answer

In popular culture, however, is a generalized standard for things such as occupation, and income. The types of clothing used are for fashion purposes or for the purpose of representing oneself in an environment. Improved communications have also allowed for the rapid spread of popular clothing styles.

question

Reasons for distribution of clothing styles in folk culture:

answer

clothing is influenced by environmental need and sometimes religion. Snowshoes for example are used in some regions to travel on top of large amounts of snow. The idea may diffuse to other areas with similar conditions, but will not be heavily used by those who do not.

question

Explain reasons for folk food preferences:

answer

They are strongly affected by what is available to them in the environment. Cultural aspects such as religion, social, and ethnic membership also influence people's choices. Certain foods are eaten because their natural properties are perceived to enhance qualities considered desirable by the society.

question

Terroir:

answer

The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes

question

Example of folk food preferences and taboos.

answer

the Ainu people of Japan will not eat otters because they can cause forgetfulness.

question

Explain reasons for folk food taboos:

answer

According to many folk customs, everything in nature carries a signature, or distinctive characteristic, based on its appearance and natural properties. Consequently, people may desire or avoid certain foods in response to perceived beneficial or harmful natural traits.

question

Taboo:

answer

a restriction on behavior imposed by social custom

question

Example of a religious food taboo:

answer

Hinduism and cows Muslims and pigs

question

How do developed countries pick their snacks?

answer

They generally go for those imported locally

question

What influences food production?

answer

Topography, climate, and soil (ex. wine)

question

Types of homes compared by R. W. McColl:

answer

Kashgar (Chinese dry lands) Turpan (Deep valleys) Yinchuan (Muslims) Dunhuang (population centers of China)

question

What influences folk housing:

answer

the environment (materials, and architecture) sacred spaces

question

Fred Kniffen's three major hearths, or nodes, of folk house forms in the US:

answer

Middle Atlantic Lower Chesapeake/ Tidewater New England

question

What is the main way that popular culture diffuses?

answer

electronic media

question

World's most important electronic format:

answer

TV

question

Why is TV the most important electronic format?

answer

1.)Most popular leisure activity 2.)Mechanism in which things rapidly diffuse

question

Origins of TV:

answer

United States, Soviet Union, Germany, France, Japan, United Kingdom

question

Diffusion of TV:

answer

By 1954 America had by far the most television sets A rapid growth in ownership led to Europe gaining a lot more sets for themselves. By 2005 the gap closed when developing countries began to buy sets

question

What country watches the most TV?

answer

U.S.A.

question

Where do ppl. watch the most reality shows?

answer

Europe, China

question

Where do ppl. watch the most sports shows?

answer

America

question

Where do ppl. watch the most news broadcasts?

answer

Southeast Asia, Russia

question

Compare the diffusion of the Internet and social media with the diffusion of TV.

answer

The internet diffuses a lot faster than television did. They had 40 million people using computers in 1995, before internet was available. Like television America is the highest consumer in the world. It is also similar in that it rapidly diffuses popular culture, just not as quickly as television.

question

Describe the diffusion of FB:

answer

Founded 2004 by Harvard students 2008 America was 1/3 of the internet users ww The percentage of world use used by Americans will decline

question

What is the largest threat to folk culture?

answer

electronic media

question

What 3 countries dominated developing countries TV broadcasts?

answer

Japan, U.S.A., U.K.

question

American social beliefs portrayed in ww television:

answer

Freedom of women, upward social mobility, glorification of youth, stylized violence

question

What do communist and developing countries fear in the media?

answer

Biased or censored media

question

What are some criticisms of western media?

answer

it is more interested in natural disasters than political issues

question

Explain external threats to folk culture posed by electronic media:

answer

Other countries may control was is broadcasted by what they think is important. American popular culture also poses a huge threat because it is spread rapidly, and it is generally more attractive to a viewer than folk culture.

question

Explain internal threats to folk culture posed by electronic media:

answer

The ability of undemocratic governments to govern what is and isn't broadcasted. Another problem is those governments will block certain channels if they do not agree with the programming and message. There is also limiting internet access to certain web sites

question

What does the book 1984 by George Orwell predict?

answer

That the controlling of TV by undemocratic countries will largely influence those countries

question

Types of limited internet access:

answer

1.) opposing political views 2.)questionable or inappropriate social content 3.)security content 4.)internet tools such as those for searching.

question

Principal ways that popular culture can adversely affect the environment:

answer

1.)Pollution of the landscape 2.)Depletion of scarce natural resources

question

Challenges for folk culture from diffusion of popular culture

answer

1.)Preserving cultural identity 2.)Popular culture challenging their cultural values

question

Explain pollution of the landscape:

answer

Unlike folk culture, popular culture will modify the environment with little concern for local environmental conditions. The builders will create or fill-in valleys, and put in sand and water. Other businesses try to create uniformity with their environment to attract customers. This can also lead to the industrialization of an area, without regards for the environment.

question

Explain depletion of scarce natural resources:

answer

With the example of animals, they are used for their skins for popular home decorations and clothing. We may recycle, but we do not recycle enough when it comes to using resources such as plastic, paper, glass, and aluminum.

question

Franchise:

answer

company's agreement with business people in a local area, to market that company's product.

question

Examples of pollution of the landscape

answer

Golf courses, fast food restaurants, gas stations

question

Example of a folk culture having no regard for the environment:

answer

Colombians burnt grass to create farmland

question

Examples of depletion of scarce natural resources:

answer

endangered animals, minerals, and energy sources.

question

Recycling:

answer

the separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of the unwanted material

question

Types of recycling collection:

answer

1.) Curbside programs 2.) Drop-off centers 3.) Buy back centers 4.) Deposit centers

question

Examples of depletion of scarce natural resources:

answer

endangered animals, minerals, and energy sources

Folk and Popular Culture – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards