Flashcards for Chapter 3 in Chemistry

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What is a chemical property?
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the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances
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What is a chemical change?
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a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances, also called a chemical reaction
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What is a technique that is used to separate the components of a mixture based on the tendency of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material?
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chromatography
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What is crystallization?
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a separation technique that produces pure solid particles of a substance from a solution that contains the dissolved substance
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What is a compound?
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a chemical combination of two or more different elements; can be broken down into simpler substances be chemical means and has properties different from thore of its component elements
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What is distillation?
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a technique that can be used to physically separate most homogeneous mixtures based on the differences in the boiling points of the substances
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What is an element?
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A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
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What is the extensive property?
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A physical property, such as mass, length , and volume, that is dependent upon the amount of substance present
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What is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid?
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filtration
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What is a gas?
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a form of matter that has no definite shape and no definite volume
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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a mixture that does not have a uniform compostition and in which the individual substances remain distinct
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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a mixture that has a uniform composition throughout and always has a single phase; also called a solution
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What is the intensive property?
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a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present
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What is the law of conservation of mass?
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states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical raction, but is conserved
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What is the law of definite proportions?
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states that, regardless, of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion
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What is a liquid?
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a form of matter that has only definite volume, but no definite shape. It takes the shape of its container
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What is a mixture?
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a physical bond of two or more pure substances retains in any proportion in which each substance retains its individual properties; can be separated by physical means
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What is the periodic table?
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a chart that organizes all known elements into a grid of horizontal rows(periods) and vertical rows(groups/families) arranged by increasing atomic number
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What is percent by mass?
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a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound
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What is a phase change?
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a transistion of matter from one state to another
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What is a physical change?
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a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not chang3e its composition
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What is a physical property?
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a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition. Ex-density, color, taste, hardness, melting point, etc.
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What is a solid?
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a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume
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What is a solution?
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a uniform mixture that can contain solids, liquids, or gases; also called a homogeneous mixture
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What are states of matter?
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the physical forms in which all matter naturally exists on Earth-most commonly as a solid, a liquid, or a gas
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What is a vapor?
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a gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or a solid at room temperature
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What is the difference between a chemical change and a physical change?
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a chemical change causes a new composition to be formed which changes the substance's properties while a physical change does not cause a change in properties because the composition stays the same.
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What is the difference between intensive and extensive properties?
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Intensive property=a physical property that remains the same no matter how much of a substance is present, Extensive property=a physical property that depends on the amount of substance present
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What is the difference between a mixture and a pure substance?
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a mixture is two or more substances that are combined together but still retain their chemical properties, while a pure substance is one substance that is not combined with any other substance
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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
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a compound is a pure substance made up of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined, while a mixture is 2 or more substances that are combined but retain their individual chemical properties
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What are the 5 ways to separate mixtures?
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Filtration, Distillation, Crystallization, Sublimation, and Chromataography
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What is Sublimation?
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the process where a solid changes to a vapor without becoming a liquid or visa versa
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What is the difference between a homogeneous mixture and a heterogeneous one?
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Homogeneous looks the same throughout, Heterogeneous-you can see the different substances
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What is the difference between a compound and an element?
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a compound is 2 or more different elements that are chemically bonded, while an element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means
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What is the difference between the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions?
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The law of definite proportions says that 1 compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion like HO, while the law of multiple proportions says that 2 or more compounds can be made using the same elements in different proportions like HO and H2O
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What is the formula for Percent by mass?
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% of mass=mass of element        x100

        mass of compound

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Who first developed the periodic table?
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Dmitri Mendeleev
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What do elements in the same goup/family have in common?
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similar physical and chemical properties
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