First Aid/CPR/Red Cross – Flashcards
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permission from consciousness competent person
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actual consent
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permission to give first aid to an unconscious person or mentally incompetent person
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implied consent
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developed to encourage people to help others in emergency situations protects responder from financial responsibility like being sued
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good samaritan laws
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what are the universal precautions
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wear gloves wear face mask wash hands after gloves are removed
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when you ventilate too hard and the air skips the lungs and goes into the stomach
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gastric distention
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what is supine position
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on their back; flat hard firm surface
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what is the prone position?
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face down
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what is the recovery position?
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on the side (roll as one unit no twisting)
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death of cardiac arrest muscle to the heart due to a blockage
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heart attack
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when the heart stops: following a heart attack/blockage
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cardiac arrest
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what are the 5 things you must do as a good samaritan in order for the law to protect you?
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move a person only if the persons life were in danger. 2. ask conscious person for permission before giving care 3. check person for life threatening conditions 4. call 911 5. continue to give care until personnel takes over
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what are 3 reasons you would ever move a victim?
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when faced with immediate danger 2. if you have to get to another victim with more serious problems 3. to provide proper care
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list the emergency action principles
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check call care
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what are the four links in the cardiac chain of survival?
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1. early recognition and access to emergency system call 911 2. early CPR 3. early defibrillation 4. early advanced life support
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what are the 4 life threatening conditions?
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...
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when calling 911, why should you hang up after the dispatcher does?
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you should only hang up after teh dispatcher does so they have all your information like location how many injured or basis of scene
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what phrase is used to check consciousness?
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Hey Hey are you okay?
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what is the proper way to open the airway?
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tilt head back lift chin up
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when checking an unconscious adult if they are breathing what should you do next?
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call 911
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how long should you look listen and feel for signs of breathing on an unconscious adult?
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listen for no more than ten seconds
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how long should each rescue breath last?
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one second
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unconscious choking adult should receive what type of consent
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implied
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conscious choking adult should receive what type of consent
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actual
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what object should you use to perform abdominal thrusts if you are alone and choking
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use the back of a tall char and call 911
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what part of the hand should you use when delivering back blows
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the heel of your hand
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what spot should your fist be located on the victims abdomen when delivering abdominal thrusts?
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Stand behind victim Find belly button Make fist with other hand Place thumb side of fist against middle of victims abdomen (just above belly button) Grab fist with other hand Quick upward thrusts
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what should you do when the first 2 rescue breaths don't go in for an unconscious choking adult?
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you should reposition then give 2 more rescue breaths
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what two steps do you perform for unconscious choking adult that you do not perform for CPR
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1. check for object 2. extra rescue breaths
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what is the rate of chest compressions per minute
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100
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what 2 spots on the victims chest should you place the connector pads
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one above the left nipple line and on the right side of the chest
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what does rice stand for?
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Rest, Immobilization, Cold apply ice up to 72 hrs 20 on and 20 off, Elevate
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what are the signs of a heart attack
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chest discomfort or any pain, sweating, nausea, shortness of breath, general ill feeling
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describe what happens when cardiac arrest occurs
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the heart stops this follows a heart attack/blockage
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what are the signs of a severe muscle bone and joint injury
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cannot move or use body part 2. snap or pop is heard 3. bone is visible 4. significant bruising swelling or deformity
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list and define 3 types of splints
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anatomical- splinting an uninjured body part to an injured body part; soft-
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if a victim has a lower leg fracture and his or her leg is straight how would you splint it?
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when splinting when and how should you check for feeling warmth and color
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CPR is only performed for 3 reasons. What are they?
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...
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compressions should be ___ to __ deep
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between 1.5-2 inches deep
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there are approximately ___ pints of blood per ___ pounds
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2, 25
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what are the 5 life threatening injuries that cause you to call 911
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unconscious, trouble breathing, chest pain or pressure, no pulse, bleeding severely
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what information should you give when you call 911
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exact location, telephone #, what happened, # and condition of victims, what help is being given
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what are the ABC of checking choking adult
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A- Airway, check to make sure clear, tilt head and lift chin 2 finger swipe B- look listen feel C- take check pulse never use thumb cause it has its own pulse
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what do you do when there is a conscious choking adult
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get consent, give 5 back blows, give 5 abdominal thrusts, alternate until choking stops or they become unconscious
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what do you do if a women is pregnant or obese if they are choking
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give chest thrusts
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what should you do when you have a choking adult
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5. 30 chest compressions ( at least 2in. Deep)) 6. 2 rescue breaths 7. If don't go in continue RE-TILT & TRY AGAIN 8. Continue with 30 compressions 9. Look for object - if you see one remove it 10. 2 more breaths 11. Continue with cycles
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how do you give a rescue breath?
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. Head Tilt Chin Lift (open airway) and pinch nose. 2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each breath should last 1 sec.) 3. Watch the chest rise
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why should you stop doing your cycles when helping unconscious choking adult
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Stop cycles if Object removed Chest rises with rescue breaths Check for signs of circulation If none continue with compressions and breaths Victim starts breathing on own EMS arrives & takes over Someone else takes over If you are too exhausted to continue After 5 Cycles Re-check for SIGNS OF LIFE
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supine=
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on their back
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prone=
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face down
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recover=
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on the side
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Once CPR is started continue until
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See signs of life Scene is unsafe AED available Too exhausted Someone takes over
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for ever minute the AED is not in use it decreases the chance of survival by?
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10%
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is when the heart stops beating suddenly & unexpectedly, when this happens bloods stop flowing to all vital organs
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sudden cardiac arrest
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when breathing stops
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respiratory arrest
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after breathing & circulation have stopped you have 4-6 minutes of stored oxygen before your cells begin to die.
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clinical death
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after 10 minutes, brain activity stops.
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biological death
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the best chance of survival is in the first ?
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4 minutes
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tearing or stretching of muscles or tendons
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strain
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strong fibers that attach muscle to bone
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tendons
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a break, chip, or crack in a bone
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fracture
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material or a device used to protect and immobilize a body part
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splints
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folded blankets, towel, sheet or bandage is what type of splint?
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soft
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a wooden board rolled up newspapers/sticks is what type of splint
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rigid or hard
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total break, sometimes if comes out of skin is also known as compound
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open fracture
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doesn't break skin, also known as simple
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closed fracture
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the movement of a bone out of its position in the joint usually caused by a violent force tearing the ligaments that hold the bone in place
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dislocation
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damage to soft tissues and blood vessels under skin, may be red blue and swell, larger can indicate more serious
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brusie
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a cut caused by a sharp edged object such as a knife razor scissors or broken glass
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incision
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with jagged or irregular tearing of skin bleeding can be heavy risk of infection
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laceration
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a wound caused by rubbing or scraping away at the skin
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abrasion
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when skin or other body tissue is separated flap of skin or limb torn off
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avulsion
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a would that is produced when a pointed instrument pierces the skin
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puncture
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conditions in which pathogens enter the body
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infection
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what are the guidelines to splinting
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Only if victim must be moved Only if you can do without causing more pain Splint in position you found it Splint above and below site of injury Check for proper circulation before and after splinting (feeling, warmth, & color)
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what are the steps to splinting
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1.Support injured area 2.Check circulation 3.Place splint 4.Tie splint in place 5.Recheck circulation
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bright red
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arterial
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darker blood
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venous
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how do you control bleeding?
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cover with a dressing and press firmly using direct pressure, elevate injury if bleeding doesn't stop add additional dressings over top
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Circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all parts of the body Life threatening condition
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shock
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what are the types of shock
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Insulin Traumatic (sudden injury) Anaphylactic (sting, medication, seafood etc.)
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what are the signals of traumatic shock
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Restlessness or irritability Altered consciousness Pale, cool, moist skin Looks disoriented Rapid breathing Rapid pulse Dilated pupils
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how do you care for shock
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Lie down and rest Control external bleeding Maintain normal body temp Elevate legs if injuries allow Only water at room temperature Make sure advanced help is on the way
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what should you do when someone has a seizure
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Do not hold or restrain victim Do not place anything in their mouth ( unless trained) Remove objects that may cause injury Cushion head/place something under head
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what should you do when caring for sudden illness
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Care for life threatening conditions Have victim rest in comfortable position Keep from getting chilled or over heated No food or water Reassure victim Send someone to meet EMS Ask about medical conditions & medications Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock Watch for changes in consciousness or breathing
