Final Exam Chem 1211 – Flashcards
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| Hydrogen Peroxide |
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| H2O2 |
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| Hydrogen Chloride |
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| HCl |
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| Sulfuric Acid |
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| HNO3 |
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| Acetic Acid |
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| CH3COOH |
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| Ammonia |
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| NH3 |
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| Sulfur Dioxide |
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| SO2 |
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| Sulfur Trioxide |
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| SO3 |
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| Carbon Monoxide |
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| CO |
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| Carbon Dioxide |
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| CO2 |
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| Methane |
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| CH4 |
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| Ethane |
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| C2H6 |
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| Propane |
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| C3H8 |
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| Butane |
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| C4H10 |
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| Pentane |
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| C5H12 |
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| Benzene |
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| C6H6 |
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| Methanol |
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| CH3OH |
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| Ethanol |
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| CH3CH2OH |
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| Acetone |
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| CH3COCH3 |
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| Ether |
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| CH3CH2OCH2CH3 |
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| Avagadro's number |
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| 6.022E23 |
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| *C-->*F |
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| *F=(1.8x*C)+32 |
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| heat energy q= |
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| q=m x c x ^T (^T=change in temp) |
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| mole/volume relation |
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| M1V1=M2V2 |
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| Davy |
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| passed electricity through compounds |
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| Faraday |
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| amount of reaction during electrolysis is proportional the the electrical current |
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| Thompson |
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| Determined e/m ratio, "discoverer of electrons" Cathode ray with positive and negative plates on either side |
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| Millikan |
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| Determined charge and mass of electron Container with hole, electrons drop through |
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| Goldstein |
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| observed canal rays |
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| Geiger and Marsden |
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| Shot gamma rays at piece of foil, most went straight through, some bounced back |
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| Rutherford |
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| analyzed Geiger and Marsden's experiment, found that atoms have very small, dense (+) centers |
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| Chadwick |
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| discovered neutrons |
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| metallic characteristics |
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| |<--- |
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| Ampere |
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| 1A=1E-10m |
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| velocity/c/wavelength(~) |
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| V=c/~ |
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| Energy/h/c/~ |
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| E=(hc)/~ |
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| Planck's constant |
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| h=6.626E-34 J*s |
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| how to find wavelength moving from one energy level to another |
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| (1/~)=R[{1/(n1)2}-{1/(n2)2}] |
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| Rydberg's constant |
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| R=1.097E7 m-1 |
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| speed of light through a vacuum |
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| c=3.00E8 m/s |
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| s orbital |
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| l=0 m(l)=0 |
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| p orbital |
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| l=1 m(l)=-1,0,+1 |
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| d orbital |
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| l=2 m(l)=-2,-1,0,+1,+2 |
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| f orbital |
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| l=3 m(l)=-3,-2,-1,0,+1,+2,+3 |
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| electron capacity of subshell |
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| 4(l)+2 |
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| electron capacity of a shell |
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| 2n^2 |
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| atomic radii |
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| |<--- |
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| first ionization energy |
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| ^---> except 3A<2A and 6A<5A |
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| electron negativity |
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| --->- ^ |
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| Electronegativity-ionic/(non)polar covalent |
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| ^EN>1.7 ionic 0.4<^EN<1.7 polar covalent ^EN<0.4 nonpolar covalent |
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| acidic |
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| ---> ^ |
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| Strong acids |
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| HCl HBr HI HNO3 H2SO4 HClO4 |
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| Weak acids |
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| HF CH3COOH HCN HNO2 H2CO3 H2SO3 H3PO4 (COOH)2 |
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| Strong bases |
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| 1A oxides 2A oxides LiOH Ca(OH)2 NaOH Sr(OH)2 KOH Ba(OH)2 RbOH CsOH |
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| 2 ternary acids with same central nonmetal |
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| hypo-stem-ous=2 lower ox -ous=1 lower ox -ic=1 higher ox per-stem-ic=2 higher ox |
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| covalent bond |
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| 2 nonmetals |
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| ionic bond |
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| metal+nonmetal |
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| Ternary acids |
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| H+nonmetal+O |
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| acid+base |
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| -->salt +H2O never redox |
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| Formal Charge |
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| group# - (#of bonds + #unshared e-) the lewis dot structure with all closest to 0 is best |
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| linear e. geo |
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| AB2 nonpolar |
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| trig. planar e. geo |
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| AB3 nonpolar |
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| tetrahedral e. geo nonpolar |
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| AB4 nonpolar |
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| tetrahedral e. geo polar |
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| AB3U, AB3U2, UBU3 polar |
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| trigonal bipyramidal e. geo |
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| AB5, AB4U, AB3U2, AB2U3 nonpolar no octet rule |
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| octahedral e. geo |
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| AB6, AB5U, AB4U2 nonpolar |
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| every double bond has... |
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| 1o, 1pi |
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| every triple bond has... |
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| 1o, 2pi |
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| every single bond has... |
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| 1o, 0pi |
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| *C --> K |
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| K= *C+273 |
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| combined gas law |
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| [(P1V1)/T1]=[(P2V2)/T2] |
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| STP |
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| 0*C 1 atm 22.4 L |
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| pressure, temperature, volume equation |
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| PV=nRT |
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| universal gas constant |
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| R=0.0821 (Latm/molK) |
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| total pressure |
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| Ptot=P1+P2+P3... |
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| atm to torr |
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| 1atm=760 torr |
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| diffusion |
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| mixing one substance with another |
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| effuse |
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| gas in container with porous walls |
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| van der Waals equation |
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| [P+{(n^2)a/v^2}*{V-nb)=nrt |
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| exothermic |
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| releases energy |
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| endothermic |
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| absorbs energy |
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| Thermochemical standards |
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| 298.15 K 1 atm |
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| electron affinity equation |
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| x(g)+e(-) --> X(-)(g) |
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| strong acid-strong base reactions equation |
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| H+(aq)+OH-(aq) --> H2O(l) |
