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angioplasty
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repair of a narrowed blood vessel through surgery or other angiographic procedures
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atherosclerosis
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A thickening and hardening of the arteries occurs when plaques of cholesterol and lipids form in the arterial tunica intima
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cardiomegaly
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enlargement of the heart
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cyanosis
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bluish appearnce of the skin and mucous membrane that usually indicated reduced hemoglobin levels in the blood
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arrhythmia
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Variation or loss of normal rhythm of the heartbea
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Identify the first symptom of coronary artery disease
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Patients are asymptomatic initially with the first symptom being the pain of angina pectoris
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List 4 groups of individuals having the potential to be at increased risk for coronary artery disease.
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Those who have genetic predisposition to the disease, those older than 40 years old, men, postmenopausal women, and caucasions
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List the percentage of deaths occurring in the first hour after a myocardial infarction
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65 percent
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Name the most prevalent cardiovascular disorder in the United States
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hypertension
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Identify the cause of rheumatic heart disease
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Rheumatic fever
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List 5 symptoms associated with mitral valve prolapse.
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Chest pain, dyspnea,dizziness,fatigue, and syncope
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List 3 possible causes of varicose veins.
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Defective or absent valves, prolonged standing or sitting, enlarging uterus during pregnancy
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Identify 3 initial symptoms of Hodgkin's disease.
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Enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck or mediastinum, fatigue, alcohol induced pain and pruritus
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Name 2 clotting disorders.
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Classic Hemophilia and disseminated intravascular coagulation
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Identify the cardiac test that helps in evaluating cardiac chamber size, ventricular function, and disease of the myocardium, valves, cardiac strictures, and pericardium.
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ECG
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traveling thrombus
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embolus
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cancer of the lymphatic system
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lymphoma
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compression of heart muscle
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cardiac tamponade
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inflammation of the sac around the heart
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pericarditis
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condition where the blood does not clot
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hemophilia
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implanted device to correct irregular heart beats
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pacemaker
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high blood pressure
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hypertension
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narrowing of the arteries due to plaque build up
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atherosclerosis
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enlargment of the heart
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cardiomegaly
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right sided heart failure
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cor pulmonale
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rapid heartbeat
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tachycardia
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abnormal presence of lymph fluid in tissue
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lympedema
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lack of oxygen in cells
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hypoxia
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blood condition in which cells are deprived oxygen
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anemia
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irregular heartbeats
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arrythmias
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artery that supplies blood to heart muscle
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coronary
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collapse of cardiovascular system
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shock
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ballooning of artery wall
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aneurysm
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the diagnosis of anemia indicates that the patient is experiencing a reduction
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redblood cells or hemoglobin
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rheumatic heart disease may cause problems with
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valves
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electrocution,myocardical infarction, and drug overdose may cause
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cardiac arrest
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lymphatic tissue is hodgkins disease patients contains
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reed stemberg cells
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blood transfusion incompatibility reactions are
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can be life threatening
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primary or essential hypertension
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genetic,life style, and unknown etiology
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cardiac arrhythmias are a result of
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interference with the conduction system of the heart
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people with mitral valve prolapse are sometimes
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asymptomatic,anxious, and experiencing heart palpitation
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left sided crushing type chest pain,irregular heart beat,dyspnea,excessive sweating,nausea,anxiety, and denial are all symptoms of
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myocardial infarction
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Raynauds disease is a vasospastic disease that affects
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fingers,hands,and feet
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ischemia causes
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death to tissue
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a person who complains of experiencing chest pain upon exertion is
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angina pectoris
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The hereditary blood disease sickle cell anemia is predominantly seen is
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the black race
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lymphedema causes swelling of
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the extremeity
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pericarditis is inflammation of the
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sac enclosing the heart
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incontinence
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involuntary urination or defecation
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micturition
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the discharge of urine
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ARF
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acute renal failure
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enuresis
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urinary incontinence
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nephrolithiasis
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process of forming a kidney stone
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glycosuria
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the presence of glucose in urine
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polyuria
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excessive passage of urine
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uremia
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toxic condition of excessive waste products,protein, and nitrogen in the blood caused by renal insufficiency
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lithotripsy
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crushing of stones
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BUN
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a waste profuct that is formed in the liver and collects in the bloodstream
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What is the most common type of kidney disease
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pyelonephritis
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what diagnostic test is often ordered to evaluate the function of the urinary system
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urinalysis
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why does chronic glomerulonephritis lead to renal failure
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inflammation followed by progressive destruction of the glomeruli, this can cause reduction in filtiration, which results in retention of uremic poisons
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pressure from the urine that cannot flow past obstruction in the urinary tract causes what condition that affects kidneys
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hydronephrosis
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what causes the symptoms of renal calculi to vary
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kidney stones, the degree of obstruction, or trauma caused by the stones
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List three causes of neurogenic bladder
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insult to brain, spinal cord, or nerves supplying the lower urinary tract,tumors,spinal cord lesions, or herniated lumbar disks
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name the treatment of choice for renal cell carcinoma
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surgical removal
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list four causes of cystitis and urethritis
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acending bacterial infection ussually caused by ecoli, sexually transmitted disease, inflammation caused by chemotherapy, viruses,fungi,and parasites
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cause of polycystic kidney disease
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inherited, or casued by long term kidney disease and or dialysis
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identify the cause of bladder cancer
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occupational exposure to aniline dyes or deisel exhaust,smoking,and history of frequent bladder infections
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list 4 symptoms of urinary disease
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edema,hypertension,bloody urine,fever
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an excessive amount of which 2 substances found in the blood are responsible for the formation of kidney stones?
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calcium or uric acid
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functional unit of kidney
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nephron
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blood in the urine
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hematuria
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enlargement of kidney due to backup of urine
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hydronephrosis
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any disease of the kidneys
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nephro
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surgical removal of kidney
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nephrectomy
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process of inserting drainage tube into bladder to drain urine
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catherization
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mechanical filteration of blood
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hemadyalisis
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another term for stones
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colculi
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enuresis is caused from the weakening
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the pelvic floor muscles and the urethral structure
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an ascending bacterial invasion of the urinary tract can cause
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cystic and urethritis
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azotemia is
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excess urea in the blood
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symptoms of cystitis
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urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence, pelvic burning, burning with urination
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type a beta hemolytic strep may procede
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acute glomerulenephritis
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chronic glomerulonephritis is
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slowly progressive and noninfectious
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most common type of renal disease
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pylenophritis
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smoking obesity and prolonged exposure to chemicals can cause
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renal cell carcinoma
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obstructive diseases of the kidney may be caused by
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congenital and structural
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pus in urine
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pyuria
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functions of the circulatory system
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circulation of blood to the organs and tissue of the body
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contributing factors to coronary heart disease
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narrowing of the arteries to the myocardium of the heart, diabetes, older age, post menopausal
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possible consequences of emboli
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clots that lodge in blood vessels, death of tissue or gangrene and occure
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treatment for mycardial infarcation
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crushing chest pain, medication for the pain and oxygen,vasodilation is attempted
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most common cardiovascular disorder, symptoms
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hypertension
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name the causes for cardiomyopathy
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enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction, caused by unknown, alchoholism, viral infection, autoimmune
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signs and symptoms of shock
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pale,cold, and clammy skin, weak and thready pulse, impending doom
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angina pectoris
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chest pain during activity due to ischemia, reduced oxygen to myocardium
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myocardial infarction
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death to myocardial tissue
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ateriosclerosis
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hardening of arteris
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atherosclerosis
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specific type of ateriosclerosis refers to buildup of fats and cholesterol
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aneurysm
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weakening and resulting local dilation of the wall of an arter
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anemia
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reduction of either rbc or hemoglobin in a measured volume of blood reducing ability for oxygen
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cause of classic hemophilia
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x linked genetic disorder in males
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angioplasty
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opening of constricted arteries
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syncope
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fainting
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cardiomegaly
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enlargemend of heart
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hypovolemia
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decreased blood volume
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phlebotomy
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taking blood
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petechiae
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small purple spot caused by a hemorrage
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pyleonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective tissue
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acute glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the glomeruli, is marked by protienuria.edema,and decreased urine volume
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acute renal failure is a emergency because
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nitrogenous waste products will accumulate in the body quickly causing a uremic episode
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neurogenic bladder
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dysfunction when you cant completely empty out bladder or urinary incontinence, caused by trauma
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stress incontinence
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uncontrollabe leakage of bladder when stressed
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who are most at risk for renal cell carcinoma
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those who smoke, are obese, dialysis and cystic kidney
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renal cell carcinoma
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one or more malignant tumor develop in on or both kidneys
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bladder tumors
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most common site of where a tumor can occur, enviromental exposures cause
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creatinine
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break down of creatine that is excreted in urine
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hydronephrosis
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water in kidneys, abnormal dilation of renal pelvis due to obstruction
