question

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

answer

development at a later age than in men

question

Which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD?

answer

high blood HDL

question

In men aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

answer

45

question

Which of the following raises HDL concentration?

answer

weight loss & physical activity

question

The metabolic syndrome greatly increases a person's risk of developing

answer

CVD

question

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is

answer

high in saturated fats & high in trans fat

question

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than __ percent of calories

answer

1

question

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, saturated fat should provide no more than __ percent of total calories

answer

7

question

Resting blood pressure should ideally be __ or lower

answer

120 over 80

question

Which of the following is a risk factor for the development of hypertension?

answer

Age & genes

question

Salt-sensitive individuals are likely to include:

answer

African Americans & those who have diabetes

question

Individuals with hypertension being treated with certain diuretics should consume foods rich in

answer

potassium

question

Laboratory studies suggest that diets high in ___ seem to promote cancer

answer

calories

question

Alcohol intake in nonsmokers is associated with cancers of the

answer

mouth & breast

question

In general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with

answer

high vegetable intakes & high whole grain intakes

question

Examples of cruciferous vegetables include

answer

turnips and broccoli

question

The best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to

answer

eat a wide variety of vegetables & fruits in generous quantities every day

question

Which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer?

answer

calcium

question

The CDC, American Heart Association, & other groups have collaborated to create a program that encourages people to

answer

fill half their plate with vegetables & fruit

question

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease & a chronic disease is

answer

some infectious diseases can be cured with medications but chronic diseases cannot

question

A college student who is on a high-protein weight-loss diet that restricts fruits & vegetables has just become ill from a viral infection in her intestines. What might have made her more susceptible than her roommate who is eating regular meals in the cafeteria?

answer

vitamin C deficiency from no fruits & vegetables, which has affected white blood cell protection

question

What is the role of plaque formation in the arteries during heart disease development?

answer

It can narrow passages in arteries & reduce blood flow to the heart

question

To help control blood cholesterol you would

answer

consume oats, barley, & legumes & limit foods with trans fatty acids

question

Jeff is a 54-year-old male who is 5'6" tall, weighs 165 pounds, & has hypertension. The single most effective dietary measure Jeff can take is to

answer

reduce his weight

question

All of the following are descriptive of events in the formation of cancer except

answer

all carcinogens damage or change the cell's genetic material to cause cancer

question

Dietary guidelines for cancer prevention include

answer

controlling energy intake & increasing intake of fruits and vegetables

question

A man is at risk of developing colon cancer because his grandfather and father died of it. Adding which of the following foods to his diet might reduce his risk?

answer

steamed broccoli

question

The technique that allows identification of inherited disease tendencies by comparing patterns of gene expression is known as

answer

DNA microarray technology

question

Which of the following is an example of the effect of certain nutrients or foods on gene expression and disease development?

answer

A phytochemical found in broccoli & broccoli sprouts has been shown to reverse uncontrolled cancer cell division in laboratory studies. Supplementation of folate & vitamin B12 during pregnancy has been shown to turn off the "yellow and fat" gene in pups born to laboratory mice

question

Your friend's parents both have heart disease. She is considering having genetic testing done so she can see what changes she might be able to make to reduce her risk of developing it as well. What would you tell her?

answer

You can make lifestyle changes known to reduce your risk without genetic testing

question

Arguments against genetic testing include all of the following except

answer

there is no eveidence that information about genetic coding can be used to make lifestyle changes

question

High blood pressure presents no symptoms that you can feel

answer

True

question

Diet and physical activity do not play a significant role in controlling hypertension

answer

False

question

The DASH diet emphazises fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat free or low fat milk and milk products

answer

True

question

Health care providers are now able to tailor a person's treatment to prevent or minimize disease based on their identified genetic profile

answer

False

question

Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?

answer

Nitrogen

question

Which of the following accounts for the differences among the various amino acids?

answer

The side chain

question

Which of the following is a protein catalyst, which facilitates chemical reactions?

answer

Enzyme

question

How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?

answer

9

question

For athletes, the path to bigger muscles includes

answer

Vigorous physical training and well timed meals

question

The role of enzymes in the small intestine in protein digestion is to split proteins into all except:

answer

Oligopeptides

question

The stomach lining is protected from the very strong acid of the stomach by:

answer

A coat of mucus

question

When amino acids are absorbed by the cells of the small intestine:

answer

they can be circulated in the bloodstream to other cells and linked together to create new proteins.

question

The process of protein turnover includes:

answer

eating food sources of amino acids every day to grow new cells and replace worn-out ones.

question

Proteins attract water and hold it within blood vessels, preventing it from freely flowing into the spaces between the cells. This is an example of how protein is used for

answer

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

question

If amino acids are oversupplied

answer

the body removes and excretes their amine groups and the body converts amino acid residues to glycogen or fat.

question

The DRI for protein depends on:

answer

Body size

question

All of the following are needed for the body to synthesize protein except

answer

amino acid supplements.

question

The DRI Committee recommends _____ percent of total calories as the minimum amount of protein.

answer

10

question

The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ gram(s) per kilogram of body weight.

answer

0.8

question

In making recommendations for protein intake, the committee on DRI took into consideration that the protein in a normal diet would be:

answer

a combination of animal and plant sources

question

The strategy of combining two _____ plant protein sources permits the amino acids in one food to make up for those lacking in the other food.

answer

Complementary

question

Of the following foods, which likely contains the most easily digestible protein?

answer

Tuna

question

Which of the following cooking methods would you use to increase the digestibility of protein?

answer

Stewing

question

Which of the following is not associated with an excess of protein?

answer

enlarged livers in humans

question

Removing the grain protein gluten from the diet has been shown to:

answer

resolve digestive problems in people with celiac disease.

question

An overemphasis on protein-rich foods can lead to:

answer

a low intake of folate and a low intake of vitamin C

question

The more animal protein you eat, the higher your intake of _____.

answer

vitamin B12

question

The heavy use of soy products in place of meat can inhibit _____ absorption.

answer

Iron

question

Why is milk used as a first-aid remedy for someone who has swallowed a heavy-metal poison?

answer

The poison acts on the protein in the milk rather than on the protein of the gastrointestinal tract.

question

When comparing the digestion and absorption of proteins with fats it is important to know that:

answer

cells in the small intestine preferentially absorb different types of amino acids, which causes competition by amino acids at the absorption sites.

question

A child suffering from protein deficiency develops edema. This is an example of protein's role in:

answer

maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

question

Certain proteins act as buffers in the blood. In this role they are responsible for:

answer

picking up and releasing hydrogens in the blood to balance its pH.

question

An athlete consumes large amounts of meat in an effort to build extra muscle tissue. This practice does not work because:

answer

the body has no place to store extra amino acids and the body converts amino acid residues to fuel or stores them as fat.

question

In times of energy shortage from carbohydrates or fats in foods, the body uses protein in what way?

answer

removes the nitrogen portion and burns the remaining fragments for energy

question

What is the DRI for protein for a 40-year-old male who is 6'4" tall and weighs 180 pounds?

answer

65 grams

question

A 10-year-old boy is going through a growth spurt. Because he needs to build new muscle tissue, what should his nitrogen status be?

answer

positive nitrogen balance

question

An adolescent girl has decided to adhere to a vegetarian diet and has selected a tossed green salad, whole-wheat crackers, and apple juice for lunch. What would you advise her about her complementary protein sources?

answer

Adding garbanzo beans to her salad would provide the protein combination she needs

question

Examples of complementary protein combinations include all of the following except

answer

Pasta with tomato sauce

question

The best way for a vegetarian to ensure adequate absorption of dietary iron is to:

answer

include vitamin C-rich foods because they enhance absorption of iron.

question

A family of organic compounds soluble in organic solvents but not in water is called

answer

Lipids

question

About 95% of the lipids in foods and the human body are

answer

Tricglycerides

question

Cholesterol is best known of the:

answer

sterols

question

All of the following are found mainly in foods that contain fat except

answer

Vitamin C

question

Fatty acids may differ from one another

answer

in chain length & in degree of saturation

question

Triglycerides consist of

answer

3 fatty acids & glycerol

question

If the fat in a container is solid at room temperature, what type of fat is it?

answer

saturated fat

question

The role of bile in fat digestion is to:

answer

emulsify fats in the small intestine

question

which of the following is not a desireable blood lipid value?

answer

high LDL

question

Characteristics of the essential fatty acids include

answer

they must be supplied by the diet & they are polyunsaturated fatty acids

question

A deficiency of fatty acids can cause

answer

abnormal brain development in infants

question

The best way to increase the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids is to

answer

choose fish as a protein food often

question

To protect yourself from consuming too much ___, you would limit your consumption of swordfish, king mackerel, and shark

answer

mercury

question

Cooking oils should be stored in tightly covered containers in order to

answer

prevent them from becoming rancid & prevent them from losing fat-soluble vitamins

question

Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids is true?

answer

They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated

question

approximately what percent calories from fat would be provided by a bowel of soup containing 200 calories and 11 grams of fat?

answer

50%

question

The major storage form of fats in our body is

answer

triglycerides, which are made up of fatty acids and glycerol

question

To replace saturated fats with monounsaturated fats in your diet, you would consume ___ instead of ___

answer

canola oil, butter

question

Which of the following fats is the most saturated?

answer

coconut oil

question

All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except

answer

it is an essential nutrient

question

Cholesterol is important in nutrition because

answer

it is necessary for the production of the emulsifier bile by the liver

question

Which of the following statements best describes individuals who have had their gallbladder removed?

answer

Bile is released directly into the small intestine

question

The lipoproteins LDL and HDL are thought to influence heart disease risk because

answer

HDL play an important role in scavenging cholesterol from the tissues for disposal

question

Which of the following would be the best dietary advice for someone who needs to lower her blood cholesterol levels ?

answer

Reduce the saturated and trans fats in your diet to lower LDL levels in the blood

question

A woman who is pregnant is concerned about eating fish because of its potential contamination with mercury. What would you tell her?

answer

She can select fish species that provide EPA and DHA but are low in mercury such as salmon or European sea bass

question

WHich of the following words on an ingredient list would alert you to the presence of trans fatty acids in the product?

answer

hydrogenated vegetable oil & shortening

question

You see BHA in the ingredient list on a food product label. This is an example of

answer

an additive & an antioxidant

question

All of the following provide about 5 grams of fat except:

answer

1 cup of sour cream

question

You are talking with someone who is trying to decrease his intake of saturated and trans fats. Which of the following would you recommend as a coffee whitener?

answer

skim milk

question

An effective way to modify a casserole recipe in order to make it more heart healthy is to:

answer

replace half of the meat with kidney beans

question

All of the following problems are associated with low-fat diets except:

answer

they result in nutrient deficiencies

question

The current advice on following a diet to prevent heart disease is to:

answer

reduce the total fat content to 20% so as to result in a reduction of total calorie intake

question

Key heart-healthy foods in the Mediterranean diet include all of the following except:

answer

margarine

question

Nutrient characteristics of nuts that may lower heart disease risk include

answer

they are high in dietary fiber & they contain vitamin E, an antioxidant

question

The benefits of the Mediterranean diet are a result of

answer

a combination of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, and seafoods

F&CS 21 Ch 5,6,11 – Flashcards

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