exp psych 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Anderson is reading his morning paper and reads the following headline: "Female Engineering Majors' Effort on Math Problems Depends on Sex of Role Model." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, and McManus, 2011.) In the study, female students were asked to complete a math test by either a male math major or a female math major. Female students tried to solve more of the math problems when asked by a female math major compared with a male math major. Which of the following is an independent variable in this study/headline?
answer
math major gender
question
Anderson is reading his morning paper and reads the following headline: "Female Engineering Majors' Effort on Math Problems Depends on Sex of Role Model." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, and McManus, 2011.) In the study, female students were asked to complete a math test by either a male math major or a female math major. Female students tried to solve more of the math problems when asked by a female math major compared with a male math major. Which of the following is a constant in this study/headline?
answer
Female students
question
Anderson is reading his morning paper and reads the following headline: "Female Engineering Majors' Effort on Math Problems Depends on Sex of Role Model." (This headline is based on a study conducted by Stout, Dasgupta, Hunsinger, and McManus, 2011.) In the study, female students were asked to complete a math test by either a male math major or a female math major. Female students tried to solve more of the math problems when asked by a female math major compared with a male math major. Which of these is the measured/dependent variable?
answer
Effort on Math Problems
question
true or false? a. Variables must have at least two levels.
answer
true
question
true or false? b. Some variables can only be measured.
answer
true
question
true or false? c. Some variables can be either manipulated or measured.
answer
true
question
true or false? d. All variables must have operational definitions.
answer
true
question
What is the difference between anecdotal claims and frequency claims?
answer
AC = illustrative story FC = based on scientific studies
question
Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association/correlation?
answer
positive correlation
question
Dr. Ramon makes the following claim: "Watching television leads people to spend less time communicating with their spouses, study says." Which type of claim is Dr. Ramon making?
answer
causal claim
question
Dr. LaSalle makes the claim: "Research shows that making more money correlates with spending less time talking with your spouse." Which type of claim is Dr. LaSalle making
answer
association claim
question
Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Clarissa questions the study, saying, "I am not sure that I am convinced - I am not sure you can really measure being bullied." Clarissa's concern is addressing which kind of validity?
answer
construct validity
question
Anton and his friends are discussing a study he read about in his developmental psychology class. In the study, the researcher made the claim that a majority of middle school students who are bullied have low self-esteem. Quinn questions the study, saying, "Which middle school students did they study? I am curious if they included both private and public school students." Quinn's concern is addressing which kind of validity?
answer
external validity
question
In a study, the authors were interested in students' math effort. What would be a reasonable operational definition of math effort?
answer
math scores?
question
true or false a. Conceptual definition and operational definition mean the same thing.
answer
false
question
true or false b. Popular press descriptions of research usually refer to the operational definitions.
answer
false
question
true or false c. Some psychological concepts are more difficult to operationally define than others.
answer
true
question
true or false e. Operational definitions answer the question "Why did the researchers measure this variable?"
answer
false
question
a. Anecdotal claims involve a single variable, but frequency claims involve two variables.
answer
false
question
b. Anecdotal claims are not based on scientific studies, but frequency claims are.
answer
true
question
d. Anecdotal claims appear in newspapers, but frequency claims appear in journals.
answer
true
question
Label each as a anecdote, a frequency claim,an association claim, or a causal claim a. "Owning a dog related to higher life satisfaction"
answer
association claim
question
Label each as a anecdote, a frequency claim,an association claim, or a causal claim a. "A majority of Americans like dogs"
answer
frequency claim
question
Label each as a anticdote, a frequency claim,an association claim, or a causal claim a. "Dog traveled 500 miles to find its owners"
answer
anecdote
question
Label each as a anticdote, a frequency claim,an association claim, or a causal claim "Being visited by dogs in the hospital causes decreases in recovery time"
answer
causal claim
question
Dr. Hoda measures job satisfaction and number of years of education. In examining her scatterplot, she sees that the cloud of points has no slope. This indicates which type of relationship?
answer
zero
question
What kinds of associations allow us to make predictions using prediction lines?
answer
positive, negative
question
Label of the following phrases as a causal claim or an association claim? a. Curbs
answer
Causal claim
question
Label of the following phrases as a causal claim or an association claim? b. Seems to decrease
answer
Causal claim
question
Label of the following phrases as a causal claim or an association claim? c. Suggests a change
answer
causal claim
question
Label of the following phrases as a causal claim or an association claim? d. Enhances
answer
Causal claim
question
Why do we normally consider statistical validity when interrogating association claims but not when interrogating frequency claims?
answer
association studies use statistics
