Exam 3 Study Cards, World Civilizations Chapters 9 – 12 – Flashcards
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Which of the following describes the Kushan kingdom?
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it was an important intermediary in the Rome-China trade along the Silk Road
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Where was the capital of the Kushan Kingdom located?
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Bactria
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All of the following were true of the Kushan Kingdom except
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under King Kanishka, Buddhism was outlawed and destroyed
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The Kushan kingdom
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was an important conduit for Buddhism from India to China
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Who was the greatest of the Kushan rulers?
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Kanishka
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The Buddhists who applied the term "lesser vehicle" to their rivals were eventually known as
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Mahayana
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In the divisions within Buddhism, those who followed the school of Theravada believed in
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the importance of strict attention to personal behavior as a means to escape the 'wheel of life.'
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India's "golden age" is traditionally associated with the
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Gupta dynasty
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Which of the following was not a factor in the decline of Buddhism in India?
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Buddhism's reinforcement of the Indian caste system
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Mahayana Buddhism
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was a reinterpretation of Buddhism as a religion rather than a philosophy
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Islam was spread through parts of India by the military advances of
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Mahmud of Ghazni
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The transformation of Brahmanism into Hinduism was complete by the end of the
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1st millennium CE
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Islam was introduced to north-western India by _____ peoples
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Turkic
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The Mongol khan from Samarkand who attacked the Islamic state of the Tughluq Dynasty was
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Tamerlane
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Nanak
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founded a new religious movement, although he had originally tried to integrate Hindu and Muslim ideas and practices
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Sikhism
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tried to blend Islam and Hinduism
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Most Indian Hindus
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adopted the Muslim custom of purdah
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Indian religious groups
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were strikingly different
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The practice of 'sati'
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affected only upper-class women
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In rural India,
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a great deal of cotton was grown; more, indeed than anywhere else
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Over the course of the three centuries after the fall of the Han and before the rise of the Sui Dynasty,
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Buddhism developed a much wider following among the Chinese people
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When Marco Polo visited China the country was under the control of the
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Mongols
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Which of the following statements is not a valid observation about the Sui Dynasty
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it permanently incorporated Korea into the Chinese domain
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The name given to the Asian region northwest of traditional China that was pacified by the Tang was
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Xinjiang
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The Sui Dynasty
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completed the new Grand Canal system linking the Yellow and the Yangtze river valleys
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As a result of early Tang rule,
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Buddhist influence helped to produce a blossoming of Chinese culture
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All of the following contributed to the fall of the Tang except
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invasion by the Mongols
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The Turkish-speaking tribal group that ultimately overthrew the Tang were the
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Kirghiz
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Of the following Chinese dynasties, which one was the most recent?
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Ming
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Civil service examinations
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heavily favored aristocrats during the Tang dynasty
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Rice became the main food crop in china during which dynasty?
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Song
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In terms of its relations with neighboring powers, the Song
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met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols
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State Confucianism
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expressed a traditional, activist element in Chinese philosophy
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Because of the threat of the Khitan nomads, the first capital of the Song dynasty was _____, and additional threats from the north later forced the Song to move the capital to _____.
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Kaifeng / Hangzhou
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In the Chinese civil service examination system
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many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level
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In the Chinese civil service examination system,
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in comparison to other civilizations, the process provided a means for upward social mobility
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Wu Zhao
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became empress of China
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One of the main reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was its inability to effectively solve the problem of land distribution. Which of the following statements can serve as a valid explanation for this policy failure?
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The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system
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The Chinese civil service examination system
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was unable to solve the problem of officials using their positions to help their relatives
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With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras,
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a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance
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The four Japanese islands are
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Shikoku, Kyushu, Hokkaido, and Honshu
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Which of the following is true of the Japanese islands
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the nearness to the Asian and Pacific tectonic plates causes it to be subject to violent earthquakes
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Japanese creation stories
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connected the physical creation of Japan with the emergence of the imperial line
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The earliest known Neolithic inhabitants of Japan are known as the
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Jomon
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Agriculture in Japan
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was fundamentally changed by the introduction of rice cultivation about 400 B.C.E.
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In reaction to the Tang infiltration into the Korean Peninsula,
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Shotoku Taishi made contacts with Tang rulers in order to adopt Chinese governing methods
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The so-called "seventeen-article constitution" involved
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a centralized government under a supreme ruler and a merit system
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The 7th century Japanese constitution
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exhibits important Confucian influences
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Shotuku Taishi
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used Chinese political procedures to strengthen Japanese unity to resist Chinese power
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After the death of Shotuku Taishi,
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the unequal availability of the civil service examinations enabled the aristocracy to dominate the government
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The two early Japanese capitals were _____ and _____.
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Nara, Heian
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Nara and Heian were modeled on the city of
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Chang'an
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The new class of Japanese military officials and retainers whose purpose was to protect their patrons and their property was the
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samurai
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Known as "the way of the warrior," the strict code of the Japanese retainer was called
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Bushido
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The "shogunate system" was established by
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Minamoto Yoritomo
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The essence of the "shogunate system" was that
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governmental power became centralized under shogun, while the emperor ruled in name only
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The Japanese word that refers to the "divine wind" of the massive typhoon that destroyed the invading Mongol fleet of Khubilai Khan is
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kamikaze
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Feudalism refers to a
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medieval trade of land use for military service
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Which of the following was not a characteristic of Japanese samurai?
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member of one of the three classes of commoners
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Most historians tend to agree that the term 'feudalism'
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can be a useful tool for the comparative study of societies
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In 800, Charlemagne was crowned
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Roman Emperor
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The early Frankish king and representative of the Merovingian dynasty was
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Clovis
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In addition to Roman and Christian traditions, which other cultural influence was most important in shaping early medieval Europe?
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Germanic tribes
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The early medieval church in the West
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developed a more organized monastic structure under Saint Benedict
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Which of the following was accomplished by medieval Christian monasteries?
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they served as centers of learning
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Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire accomplished all of the following except
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it restored an urban economy based upon the use of money
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Which of the following did not invade Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries?
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Mongols
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Monasticism in medieval Europe
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included women, many of whom belonged to royal families
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Who were the Asian people, defeated at the Battle of Lechfeld, who became Christians and went on to establish the Kingdom of Hungary?
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the Magyars
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The incursions of the Scandinavian Vikings into other parts of Europe
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were successful because their ships had a shallow draft, allowing them to sail far up rivers
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The personal element of Feudalism was most symbolized in the relationships involving
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lords and vassals
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The piece of land that provided the feudal vassal's economic support was the
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fief
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Aristocratic medieval women
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in unusual circumstances, could play a major role, as did Eleanor of Aquitaine
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All of the following are correct regarding the development of fief-holding except it
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was a result of the Church's attempt to give serfs and peasants more social mobility
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Vassals
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were supported by the income from a fief of land
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Where did the dominant power in Medieval European society come from?
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the nobility
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Medieval town populations were primarily comprised of
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merchants and artisans
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Medieval European cities ended to rely on _____ for drinking water
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wells
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What was the last of the Muslim kingdoms in medieval Spain?
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Granada
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During the Middle Ages, the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe
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adopted either Catholic or Orthodox Christianity, depending on their geographic settlement