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Northern Europe Countries

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Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Iceland

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the process, condition, or result of being covered by glaciers or ice sheets and is the primary process by which the landforms of Northern Europe came to be as they are today.

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glaciation

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a long steep-sided valley filled with seawater

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fjords

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rivers that consist of glacial debris making them cloudy

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Iceland's Rivers

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major power source in Northern Europe because of rapid water flow

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hydroelectric power

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a renewed interest in the cultures of ancient Greece and Rome beginning in the late 1400s in Italy

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renaissance

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found primarily in the Netherlands, low lying areas from which sea water has been drained to create new lands

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polders

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The runoff chemicals and waste from ____________ areas nearby adds to the pollution that endangers coastal areas, wetlands, and rivers in Northern Europe

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industrialized

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In Iceland, __________ constitute more than 70 percent of its exports

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fish and fish products

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The two religious groups that were in conflict during the cold war

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Christians vs Muslims

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a series of religious wars to free holy land

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crusades

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this country is not a member of the EU, but it has attracted numerous international workers to petroleum exploration and processing

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Norway

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the remaining forest in Northern Europe that has not been deforested

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Boreal Forest

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an area of relatively flat and low-lying area

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Northern European Plain

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reduced the power of the Roman Catholic Church

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Reformation

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TRUE or FALSE: While the majority of people in Northwestern Europe are Christians, most do not practice their faith or attend church regularly

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True

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a way to encourage visits to Northern Europe in a manner that limits damage to the unique lands

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ecotourism

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The North Atlantic Current carries _________________ over the coasts and inland to the Northern European Plain.

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warm, moist air

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the place that the Industrial Revolution began

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Great Britain

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due to its isolated location away from the open ocean and its lack of native species, this ecosystem is particularly vulnerable to invasive species

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Baltic Sea

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Norsemen relied on these to help settle, explore, pillage, and plunder

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ships of war

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Warmer temperatures are causing what in Northern Europe?

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Ice to melt

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A number of invasive species have been introduced in the Baltic Sea due to an increase in __________.

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ship traffic

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Some nations of Southern Europe have been unstable due to debt and high ___________.

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unemployment

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The closure of state-owned factories, resulting in high unemployment and migration occurred in East Germany after the collapse of the _______.

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Soviet Union

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Low mountains, rolling hills, and high plateaus characterize the Central Uplands of _______.

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France

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These towering mountains run through Switzerland, Austria, Italy, France and Germany:

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Alps

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Overfishing in Southern Europe is an example of which of the five themes of geography?

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Human Environment Interaction

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This geographic feature played a large role in the development of major cities in Eastern Europe.

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Navigable Rivers

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The two ethnic groups were most affected by ethnic cleansing during the 1990s were the _________________ and ________________

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Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims

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Macedonia, Bosnia, Serbia, and Croatia were all once part of what country?

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Yugoslavia

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Companies receive credits for carbon emissions lower than the cap (limit) and can sell them in a system called __________.

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Cap and Trade

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Which part of France is famous for its vineyards?

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Southern

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The economy of East Germany experienced closure of state owned factories, resulting in high unemployment and migration. What led to this?

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the collapse of the Soviet Union

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Agribusiness developed as a result of this

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a smaller number of farmers

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______________________ is contributing to wetland destruction, with many lakes in Norway and lakes in Sweden and Finland showing its impact

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acid rain

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type of landform that is found in regions that may be prone to earthquakes caused by tectonic plates.

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massif

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descendants of nomadic people who lived in Scandinavia for thousands of years

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sami

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A government that take responsibility for its citizens: education, pensions, health care, and unemployment benefits, but requires high taxes

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welfare states

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all of the nordic countries are small _________________ _________________ that rely on foreign trade

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open economies

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emphasizes labor force participation and promotes gender equality and fiscal expansion

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nordic model

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filled with fertile soil and many rivers and an important area for farming

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Great European Plain

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a fine, rich soil left by glaciers

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loess

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tall, jagged mountain range that runs across the southern part of the region

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Alps

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banks of earth or stone to hold back water

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dikes

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Drained lands that have rich farming soil

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polders

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dry winter winds that can cause avalanches

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foehn

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fueled industrial development

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coal and iron ore

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opened up trade routes to the eastern mediterranean

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crusades

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people began to embrace reason and to question tradition

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Enlightenment

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was formed in the 1990s as an alliance that works toward European economic and political unity

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European Union

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to help rebuild and grow after WWII, Germany invited ____________________ there

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guest workers

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romanticism, realism and impressionism

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artistic movements in Northwestern Europe

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sea that is sometimes used for waste disposal

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Mediterranean Sea

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part of a treaty on climate change ratified by the countries in northwestern europe

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kyoto protocol

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river in Spain that provides hydroelectric power and water for agriculture

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Ebro River

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drainage from this river feeds Italy's most fertile plain

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Po River

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primary water source for the capital city Rome

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TIber river

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damaging the delicate marine biomes of the adriatic sea

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algae blooms

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led to the extreme damage or even death of the local ecosystem

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pollution hotspots

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a way to combat deforestation and to ensure that forest resources are being used responsibly

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certification

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rugged landscape with areas of barren rocky ground

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karst topography

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second largest river in Europe

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Danube River

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river in Poland that servers many major cities and industrial centers including Warsaw

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Vistula River

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contain large energy reserves

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Carpathian Mountains

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a region of political instability that drove the area's Balkanization

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shatter belt

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the division of the region into smaller hostile regions

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Balkanization

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an ethnic group that includes Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and Macedonians

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slavs

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of Indo-European origin and are the *largest minority* group in Europe

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Roma

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the result of melting snow and ice that have carried pollution into lakes and rivers

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meltwater

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The conflict in the Balkan Peninsula that led to civil war in the 1990s was primarily between the ____________, Croats, and the Bosnians

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Serbs

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The Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires ruled until the end of _________________.

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World War I

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Greeks in the Ancient Athens introduced this concept that has influenced society, politics and culture around the world

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Democracy

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Which political-historical process led Southern Europe to transition from a city-states and ethnic regions into modern countries

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nationalism

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The first _______________ migrated from Asia to Eastern Europe thousands of years ago.

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Slavs

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factors that account for economic instability in Southern Europe in the 21st century

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government over-spending, high unemployment, and high national debt

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created political tension among member states of the EU

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The EU gave loans and subsidies to some members in Southern Europe, stretching the resources and creating resentment among member states

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earliest people of Eastern Europe

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Slavs, Germanic, and Celtic

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climate of the Baltic Sea region

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continental climate

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short summers and long cold winters

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continental climate

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region of Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic that is characterized by burning of coal and covered with black soot

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black triangle

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East European countries that benefited from the fall of communism

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near Western Europe

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