According to R. M. Davies D. S. Abolude, the demand for fuel wood is projected to reach approximately 213.4x103 metric tonnes by 2030, while the supply is expected to decrease to about 28.4x103 metric tonnes. If no action is taken to discourage fuel wood usage and promote alternative energy sources, deforestation rates will continue to rise.
The report also addresses critical issues such as fossil fuel shortage, increasing fuel prices, global warming, and other environmental problems.
In a separate study conducted by Owen McDougal, Richard Stanley, and Seth C. Holstein, it is suggested that utilizing fuel/biomass briquette technology offers a viable and cost-effective solution for converting junk mail and yard waste into usable fuel.
The process of converting dried field residues into cornflake-sized pieces varies depending on the region. In East Africa, a mortar
...and pestle are used, while West Africa employs a hand-driven thresher. In South America, a hammer mill is utilized, and in the United States, a lawn chipper is used. However, regardless of the method used, the resulting briquettes are proven to be safe and offer a potential solution to the problem faced by many communities nationwide.
Dr. David Fulford and Dr. Anne Wheldon state that briquetting is a method to transform loose biomass residues, such as sawdust, straw, or rice husk, into compact blocks with high density for use as fuel. Biomass briquettes serve as a substitute for fossil fuels or wood in cooking and industrial processes. They offer advantages such as lower pollution and enhanced handling convenience, ultimately leading to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Mr. A. Karan Reddy points out that biomass briquettes, primarily composed of green waste and other organic materials
find wide applications in electricity generation, heating, and cooking purposes.
These compressed compounds, which can contain organic materials like rice husk, bagasse, round nut shells, municipal solid waste, or any high nitrogen content substance, have varying compositions of briquettes depending on the availability of raw materials in each area. The raw materials are collected and compressed into briquettes to facilitate longer burning and easier transportation. These briquettes are distinct from charcoal as they lack high concentrations of carbonaceous substances and added materials. According to Julia F. Morton, the jackfruit tree (Artocarpus heterophyllus) typically grows 30 to 70 ft (9-21 m) tall and has evergreen, glossy leaves that are alternately arranged, somewhat leathery, and up to 9 in (22.5 cm) long. On mature wood, the leaves assume an oval shape, while young shoots may have oblong or deeply lobed leaves.
The colon mucous membrane is protected by the fiber content, which reduces exposure time and binds to cancer-causing chemicals in the colon. Fiber is also necessary for burning peelings and serves as a variable for fuel briquettes. According to Brenda Keir, Nguyen Van Lai, T. R. Preston, and E. R. Orskov, jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) leaves contain 43.8% dry matter and have a nitrogen content of 15.00%. This nitrogen content is 10-12% higher than that of the two commonly used raw materials for briquetting: sugar cane bagasse (2.96%) and rice straw (3.88%).
Jessica F. explains that coconuts have been essential for Pacific families, providing them with shelter, food, drinks, and various necessities. The consumption of the coconut's white meat is common. Additionally, the sap obtained from unopened flower clusters serves as a source for sugar, vinegar, and the alcoholic drink
known as arrack. Moreover, dried leaves from the coconut tree are utilized in cooking in certain regions of the country.
A study conducted by Ohler J.G., Braconnier et al in 1992 focused on 4-year-old coconut trees. The researchers applied isotopically labeled nitrogen to the trees and analyzed them after 3.5 months. They discovered that the distribution of total nitrogen within the plant was connected to the distribution of dry matter. Specifically, the leaves contained 66% of the total nitrogen found in the aerial parts.
According to Joyce Lockard, about half of the global population relies on wood or charcoal for cooking and heating purposes. Regrettably, deforestation for fuel and subsistence farming leads to an annual loss of 2-3% of the world's forests.
Households can decrease their dependence on food and charcoal by producing their own fuel, called fuel/biomass briquettes, using waste plant materials from their environment. P. D. Grover & S. K. Mishra state that specific criteria must be met for biomass to serve as feedstock for briquetting. The preferred moisture content is typically low, ranging from 10-15 percent. Having a higher moisture content can lead to difficulties during grinding and necessitate excessive energy for drying. Biomass residues generally have lower ash content (except rice husk with 20% ash), but their ashes contain a greater proportion of alkaline minerals, especially potash.
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