Chemistry Essays

Various chemical tests Identifying ketones and aldehydes are used In this experiment in order to Identify an unknown carbonyl compound. The tests used are: 2,4- dinitrophenylhydrazone test, Tollen’s Test, Benedict’s Test, Chromic Acid Test, aka Bordwell-Wellman Test, Schiffs Test, and Iodoform Test. These classification tests provide results based on color change or formation of precipitation, […]

Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride was used in this experiement to synthesize 4-methoxyacetophenone with the use of a reflux apparatus. Friedel-Crafts reactions can be done by alkylation, which involves mixing an alkyl or acyl halide with a Lewis acid, or acylation, which is done with acid chlorides or anhydrides(Lefevre). Acylation was used because […]

I did this lab to find out the differences between chemical and physical changes. I also did this lab to learn the signs that would indicate the chemical reactions and physical changes. I needed to learn the odor change, color change, bubbles or gas, irreversible, temperature changes and finger prints. By the end of the […]

Metabolism, which encompasses a vital sequence of biochemical reactions, is essential for the survival of all living organisms. During activities such as marathon running, the body relies on its fat and carbohydrate stores to generate Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source. ATP plays a significant role in various biological processes, including movement and molecule […]

Introduction According to C. C. Lai et al. (2005), the high cost of feedstock oil is a significant barrier for the commercialization of bio-diesel. However, research conducted by Sulaiman Al-Zuhair (2008) has demonstrated that waste-cooking oil (WCO) could be a viable alternative raw material for biodiesel production. One way to reduce the cost of bio-diesel […]

Introduction: Humans sometimes don’t know why phenomenon or things happen. They just accept it without knowing the cause of it. And there is no meaning in it if we just accept things without reasons. That’s why this experiment is conducted so that we may know how things happen in the level of cells. Objectives: 1. […]

Although we had a hypothesis about potato osmosis, the data we collected did not support the traditional definition of this process. According to convention, osmosis involves water moving through a semi-permeable membrane from an area with low solute concentration to one with high solute concentration. However, our results did not match this explanation. We expected […]

Introduction: This lab helps further our understanding of essential principles behind diffusion and osmosis. Permeability, concentration gradients, plasmolysis, water potential, and equilibrium were also concepts that were delved into in this lab. Understanding how diffusion and osmosis works is essential to understanding biology. Each time a cell has something move into or out of it, […]

Intro I am going to do an investigation into what concentration of sucrose solution would cause “Incipient Plasmolysis”. Theory Plasmolysis is the result of a (in particular) plant cell which has lost vast amounts of water. When this happens, turgor pressure within the cell has decreased to the point where the cytoplasm of the cell […]

Introduction The current food industry has come about through generations of cultural and technological developments, involving many aspects from food production to processing to retail before reaching the consumer. In this day and age, the highest level of quality and safety are expected from food products, and the market for value-added foods is ever-increasing. As […]

One dicotelydonous leaf was taken and approximately 1cm� of clear nail varnish was painted both on the adaxil (top) and abaxil (bottom) surfaces of the leaf. It was then left for approximately 10 minutes to dry and gently peeled off using a scalpel after the 10 minutes. The peeled nail varnish was then examined first […]

Our objective is to comprehend osmosis and its significance in the cells of living organisms, such as animals and plants. The experiment will yield proof reinforcing the concept that osmosis entails the transfer of particles from a solution with high concentration to one with lower concentration through a permeable membrane. It is vital to conduct […]

This experiment is to determine the role of water potential of tissues in plants most particularly the movement of water into and out of potato storage tissue so that the isotonic point can be identified.Prediction.Potato is a plant that contains more starch grains and immature chloroplasts in the plant cells. Thus it has a lot […]

Aim:To investigate the effect of varying the concentration of sucrose solutions and to see if osmosis occurs in potato cells. Research/definition:Osmosis is the diffusion of a solvent through a semi permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. The semi permeable membrane is permeable to the solvent, […]

Describe two Variables that affect the rate of diffusion. The two variables that affect the rate of diffusion are: A. The size of the molecule. The larger molecule will spread more easy than the smaller molecule. B. The nature of plasma membrane. If the membrane is composed of lipid part. . merely lipid soluble molecules […]

All cells require essential materials to ensure their survival. Chemical, physical, and biological processes are used to move these materials inside of cells. Similar processes move waste materials outside of cells. These processes can be passive, occurring as a result of basic physical laws and requiring no outside energy from the cell or they can […]

1) The relationship between the rate of diffusion, volume and surface area is that the surface area of a subject somewhat correlates with the volume of the object. When the surface area and volume are set up as a ratio, this gives a good idea as to how fast the rate of diffusion will be. […]

Osmosis is the net movement of water from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water down a concentration gradient. This is done to equalise the solute concentrations on the two sides. Therefore, in other words, the movement of water is depended on the concentration of dissolved solute in the water (in […]

The investigation which I am going to be carrying out is to estimate the concentration of the cytoplasm of potato cells. I will do this by investigating using the movement in and out of the potato cells through Osmosis. Osmosis is the process whereby water molecules pass through a semi-permeable membrane from a high concentration […]

The text presents experiments and observations on simple diffusion, dialysis, and facilitated diffusion. It provides the molecular weights of Na+ and Cl- and their ability to pass through membranes with different MWCOs. Certain MWCOs allow for diffusion from the left beaker to the right beaker, while smaller materials do not diffuse. Urea concentration is equally […]

Introduction The fundamental components of all living beings are cells. Cells offer structural support, absorb nutrients, and convert energy. They also possess specific functions and genetic material for replication. Furthermore, cells function as metabolic compartments where a variety of chemical reactions occur. There are two categories of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic […]

Introduction In this experiment I am going to investigate the effect of varying concentration of a differing glucose solution on the amount of osmotic activity, between the solution and a potato tuber of a given size. The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate how living cells rely on osmosis, the diffusion of water. Osmosis […]