question

A naturally occurring inorganic solid element or compound with

answer

mineral

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a structural unit that repeated in three dimensions is called a

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Crystal

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Which element is the most abundant in Earth's crust?

answer

Silicon

question

Minerals are classified as

answer

silicates or nonsilicates

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the most abundant class of non silicates is the

answer

carbonates

question

Silicates are classified into two groups based on the presence of

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Iron and magnesium

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the color of a mineral when is finely powdered is defined as the

answer

streak

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The hardness of a mineral is rated using the

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Mohs scale

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The ratio of the mineral's density to density of water is

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specific gravity

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Molten rock material from which mineral crystallize is called

answer

Magma

question

An aggregation of one or more minerals that have been brought together into a cohesive solid is a

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rock

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Rocks that are formed from molten minerals are

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igneous

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Igneous rock that slowly cooled deep below Earth's crust is

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intrusive

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The rocks that make up the bulk of the Earth's Continents are

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Granite

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The rocks that make up the ocean basins and much of the Earth's interior are

answer

Basalt

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rocks that are formed from particles of other rocks or from dissolved materials from previously existing rocks are classified as

answer

Sedimentary

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Accumulation of silt, sand or other materials that settle out of the water are called

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sediments

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Limestone and dolomite are

answer

carbonates

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Heat and pressure change rocks into

answer

metamorphic rocks

question

the relationship between rocks that are continually changing over long period of time is called

answer

Rock cycle

question

The thin layer that covers Earth's surface is the

answer

crust

question

Based of the abundance in Earth's Crust, must rocks wills contain mineral composed of oxygen and the element

answer

Silicon

question

The most common rock in the Earth's crust is

answer

Igneous

question

An intrusive igneous rock will have which type of texture?

answer

Coarse-grainded

question

Which igneous rock would have the greatest density?

answer

Basalt

question

Which of the following formed from previously existing rocks

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sedimentary rocks igneous rocks metamorphic rocks

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Sedimentary rocks are formed by the processes of compaction and

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cementation

question

The greatest extent of metamorphic changes has occurred in

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Gneiss

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Which type of rock probably exist first, starting the rock cycle?

answer

Igneous

question

Earth is unique because it has

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water covering most its surface

question

The most common structural feature of all silicates is

answer

silicon-oxygen tetrahedral unit

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The one group that is not subgroup of the silicate minerals is

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plastic silicates

question

the property that is not considered useful in identifying minerals is

answer

melting point

question

the specific gravity of a mineral depends on the

answer

kind of atoms of which it is composed manner in which the atoms are packed in the crystal lattice

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Flourite is a mineral that floats in liquid mercury. The specific gravity of fluorite must be

answer

less than the specific gravity of mercury

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The group that is not a class of rocks is

answer

volcanic

question

the classification of rocks is based on

answer

how they were formed

question

An example of sedimentary rocks is

answer

shale

question

the term that does not describe a size of clastic sediment is

answer

sandstone

question

Dissolved rock materialsform

answer

Chemical sediments

question

An example of metamorphic rock is

answer

marble

question

Extrusive igneous rocks are formed on Earth's surface from

answer

Lava

question

Foliation is found in

answer

Metamorphic rocks

question

The core of the Earth is composed of

answer

Iron and nickel

question

The middle part of the Earth's Interior is

answer

mantle

question

the separation of materials that gave Earth its layered interior is called

answer

Differentiation

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The vibration that moves through any part of the Earth is called a

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seismic wave

question

The S wave is a

answer

Transverse way

question

Wave that occurs where S- or P-waves reach the surface are

answer

Surface waves

question

The three main areas of the Earth's interior are

answer

Core, mantle, and Crust

question

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is called

answer

Moho discontinuity

question

The mantle is composed of

answer

Silicates

question

Seismological studies suggests that the core

answer

has a liquid outer core and solid inner core

question

Evidence from meteorite studies proposes that the core is composed of

answer

nickel and iron

question

The layer in Earth where seismic waves sharply decrease in velocity is called

answer

Asthenosphere

question

the layer that is broken up into plates that move in the upper mantle is

answer

Lithosphere

question

The name of the single large continent suggested by Wegener is

answer

Pangaea

question

Record of the strength and directions of earth's magnetic field are found in

answer

Igneous rock

question

The chain of mountains found in the center of the Atlantic Ocean basin is called the

answer

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

question

Long, deep, and narrow oceanic trenches are located

answer

parallel to the edges of continents

question

The theory that the lithosphere is composed of several rigid plates that "float" in the atmosphere is called

answer

plate tectonics

question

The plate boundary associated with the formation of the new crust is called

answer

divergent

question

The movement of one plate under another plate creates a

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subduction zone

question

Transform boundaries occur when

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two plates slide by each other without the formation of loss of crust

question

What is the current theory about why the plates move?

answer

Convective cells move from the core to the lithosphere

question

The seismic waves that cause the most damage during an earthquake are

answer

Surface waves

question

Earth mantle has a chemical composition that agrees closely with the composition of

answer

basalt

question

From seismological data, earth's shadow zone indicates that part of the Earth's interior must be

answer

liquid

question

the Mohorovicic discontinuity is a change in seismic wave velocity that is believed to take place because of

answer

changes in the composition on both sides of the boundary

question

The oldest rock are found in

answer

The continental crust

question

The least dense rocks are found in

answer

Continental crust

question

The idea of seafloor spreading along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge was supported by the evidence from

answer

changes in magnetic patterns and ages of rocks moving away from the ridge

question

According to the plate tectonic theory, seafloor spreading take place at a

answer

Divergent boundary

question

the presence of an oceanic trench, a chain of volcanic mountains along a continental edge, and deep-seated earthquakes is characteristic of a (an)

answer

Ocean-continent plate convergence

question

The presence of an oceanic trench with shallow earthquakes an island arcs with deep seated earthquakes is a characteristic of a (an)

answer

Ocean-Ocean plate convergence

question

the ongoing occurrence of earthquakes without seafloor spreading, oceanic trenches, or volcanoes is most characteristic of a

answer

Transform boundaries between plates

question

The evidence that the earth's core is part liquid or act as a liquid comes from

answer

The S- wave shadow zone

question

The surface of the early planets is our solar system were thought ti be formed from

answer

bombardment by dust and debris remaining from initial planet formation

question

the early Earth's core is thought to have formed from the

answer

exterior melting from radioactive decay

question

Indirect evidence that supports the theory of how Earth formed is not supported by the study of

answer

samples from Earth's core

question

The oceanic crust

answer

thinner than the continental crust

question

Seismic waves that do not travel through liquid are

answer

S-Waves

question

The fastest seismic wave is the

answer

P-Wave

question

Information about the composition and nature of the mantle does not come from

answer

samples obtained from drilling

question

Primary information about the nature of the core is provided by

answer

seismological data

question

the asthenosphere is not defined as

answer

rigid

question

Earth's magnetic field is thought to be generated by

answer

electrical currents in the core

question

studies of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge provided evidence of

answer

Seafloor spreading

question

Evidence that support seafloor spreading does not include the

answer

younger sediments near the continents

question

A geologic feature that was produced by divergent boundaries is

answer

the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

question

Which type of plate boundary accounts for the formation of the Appalachian Mountains?

answer

Continental to continental convergence

question

Which type of plate boundary was responsible for the formation of the Japanese Islands?

answer

Ocean to Ocean convergence

question

A famous transform boundary in the United States is the

answer

San Andres fault

question

Plate movement is measured by

answer

reflected laser light experiments age of sediments and fossils analysis of magnetic patterns in rocks

question

Island that form when melted subducted material rises through above of sea level are called

answer

Arc Island

question

The science that study atmosphere and weather

answer

meterorology

question

Up from the surface, 99 percent of the mass of the earth is found within

answer

32 km 20 millas

question

The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is

answer

nitrogen

question

Approximately how much or the total of volume of the atmosphere is Oxigen

answer

21 percent

question

Fog and clouds are composed

answer

tiny droplets of liquid water

question

The continuous cycle of water precipitation and evaporation is called

answer

hydrologic cycle

question

Tiny solid or liquid smoke, soot, dust, and salt crystals found in the atmosphere are

answer

aerosols

question

Atmospheric pressure is measured using

answer

barometer

question

Which molecules in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation?

answer

Water

question

What is the process heating the atmosphere by the absorption of solar of solar radiation and re-emission or infrared radiation?

answer

Greenhouse Effect

question

Near of surface what happens to the temperature of the atmosphere with increasing altitude?

answer

Decreases

question

What is the layer of the atmosphere where we live?

answer

Troposphere

question

A layer of the atmosphere where the temperature increases with height is an

answer

inversion

question

What is the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere?

answer

Tropopause

question

In what lower layer of the atmosphere would transcontinental aircraft escape convective turbulence?

answer

stratosphere

question

Ultraviolet radiations is filtered

answer

The ozone shield

question

The term does not describe a layer of the atmosphere is

answer

temposphere

question

Uneven heating of Earth's surface directly leads to

answer

Convection

question

A general horizontal movement of air is called

answer

wind

question

Air moving from the ocean to the land is called a

answer

sea breeze

question

A rapidly moving "stream" of air near the top of the troposphere is

answer

a jet stream

question

Water vapor in the atmosphere does not

answer

filter ultraviolet radiation out of the atmosphere

question

the amount of water vapor at a particular temperature is defined as

answer

absolute humidity

question

The temperature at which condensation begin is the

answer

dew point

question

The basic changes of clouds do not include

answer

cotton tuff

question

The airplane flying at about 6 km (20,000 ft) is about how much earth's atmosphere?

answer

50 percent

question

Earth atmosphere is mostly composed of

answer

nitrogen, oxygen and argon

question

Which of the following gases cycles into and out of the atmosphere?

answer

nitrogen, Carbon, Oxygen

question

If it were not for the ocean, Earth's atmosphere would probably most

answer

carbon dioxide

question

Your ear makes a "pop" sound as you descend in an elevator because

answer

air is moving fron your eardrum to the atmosphere

question

Most of total energy radiating by the sun is

answer

infrared radiation

question

How much of the total amount of solar radiation reaching the outermost part of Earth's atmosphere reaches to surface?

answer

About one half

question

The solar radiation that does reach Earth Earth's surface

answer

is eventually radiated back to space

question

The greenhouse effect results in warmer temperatures near the surface because

answer

some of the energy is re-radiated back toward the surface

question

The temperature increase with altitude in the stratosphere

answer

of a concentration of ozone

question

Ozone is able to protect Earth from harmful amounts of ultraviolet radiation by

answer

absorbing it and decomposing, then reforming

question

summertime breezes would not blow if Earth did not experience

answer

differential heating

question

On a clear, calm, cool night you would expect the air temperature over a valley floor to be what compared to the air temperature over a slope to the the valley?

answer

Cooler

question

Air moving down a mountain slope is often warm because

answer

It is compressed as it moves to lower elevations

question

Considering Earth's overall atmosphere you would expect more rainfall to occur in a zone of

answer

low atmospheric pressure

question

Considering Earth's overall atmosphere you would expect to find a desert locate in a zone of

answer

high atmospheric pressure

question

Water molecules can go (1) from the liquid state to the vapor state and (2) from the vapor state to the liquid state. When is the movement from the liquid to the vapor state only?

answer

This usually does not occur alone

question

What condition means a balance between the number of water molecules moving to and from the liquid state?

answer

saturation

question

Without adding or removing any water vapor, a sample of the atmosphere experiencing an increase in temperature will have

answer

a lower relative humidity

question

Cooling a sample of water vapor results in a (an)

answer

decreased capacity

question

On clear, calm, and cool nigh, dew or frost is most likely to form

answer

on grass in an open, low-lying area

question

The density of the atmosphere

answer

Decreasing with increasing altitude

question

Condensation nuclei provide a surface for fog or cloud formation, these particles include

answer

Salt Crystals, soot, and dust

Environment Chapter 17-24 – Flashcards

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