question

In early colonial times, education was aimed at

answer

saving souls through religious instruction.

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The Old Deluder Satan Law of 1647 required that

answer

Massachusetts provide education for young people

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In many colonies, the masters of apprentices

answer

were required to teach their students reading, writing, and vocational skills.

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Nathan was a young man receiving an education during the colonial period. Because the emphasis in his family was business, he was enrolled in private schools that helped prepare him for the world of commerce. His friend Jonathan was attending a night school that would teach him navigation, since one day he hoped to operate his own trading ship. Based on the description above, Nathan and Jonathan most likely attended school in the

answer

middle colonies.

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When Benjamin Franklin founded the Franklin Academy, he intended for it to

answer

provide men and women a well-rounded curriculum where students had the freedom to choose some of their courses.

question

The McGuffey Readers were noteworthy in the history of American education because they were the first

answer

textbooks in America that were written for different grade levels

question

According to Lawrence Cremin, by the time of the Civil War the education in the United States was characterized by the

answer

acceptance and widespread adoption of the common schools movement.

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The expansion of secondary schools in the United States was greatly aided by

answer

legal findings that secondary schools could be supported by taxpayer funds

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When the Progressive Education Association released their Eight-Year Study, they reported that students who graduated from progressive schools

answer

were able to think more clearly and objectively.

question

In the early part of the twentieth century, when men made the decision to enter into teaching, they

answer

. often moved into school administration as rapidly as possible.

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Marianne is an elementary teacher who believes strongly in the benefits that progressivism has for her students. As a progressive teacher she

answer

tends to look at education holistically in order to make sure that her students are healthy, happy, and productive members of American democratic life.

question

Which of the following best describes the "gendered" nature of teaching in the U.S.?

answer

Males and females have both been considered "unnatural" for choosing a career in teaching

question

The Land Ordinance Act of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 were important because they represented

answer

early attempts by the federal government to influence education.

question

Constitutionally, the controversies surrounding the role of the federal government in education can be traced to the

answer

Tenth Amendment.

question

Aaron was a young man in his early twenties. He had just come home from the Korean War and hoped to go to college at his state university in order to become an engineer. Which of the following federal acts would help Aaron to do this?

answer

Servicemen's Readjustment Act

question

Which of the following provided funds for teacher training and program development in vocational education at the high school level?

answer

Smith-Hughes Act

question

Which of the following best describes the influence of the federal government on education

answer

Although the Constitution prescribes no clear role for the federal government in education, federal influence is strong and growing

question

Among the impacts of the Supreme Court holding in Plessy v. Ferguson was

answer

the reinforcement of the idea that de jure segregation was acceptable

question

During the 1960s and 1970s, the Supreme Court

answer

was a factor in getting schools to provide a range of options to eliminate de facto segregation in schools

question

Which of the following statements about Title IX is NOT true

answer

Title IX has eliminated most sexist behaviors from schools

question

Policies regarding the number of Chinese immigrating to the United States changed, reversing immigration quotas and naturalization laws, due to the

answer

installation of a Communist government on the Chinese mainland

question

Emma Hart Willard made an important contribution to education when

answer

established one of the earliest teacher training programs in U.S. history

question

Discrimination against Asian Americans has taken the following forms EXCEPT

answer

compulsory ignorance laws

question

Which of the following statements is true?

answer

Most Arab Americans living in the U.S. are Christian

question

Opposition to females pursuing university education stemmed from the argument that

answer

the rigor of advanced university studies would endanger females' health—particularly in terms of reproduction

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Helena believes that her main goal as a teacher is to transfer the knowledge and values that her students will need to do well when they graduate and move into society. She strives to have her students learn to be academically proficient and to instill her students with values such as respect, diligence, and practicality. Based on what you have learned, Helena would rely on

answer

teacher-centered philosophies

question

An essentialist would argue that essentialism

answer

is an effective way to help develop a common culture among Americans

question

As a teacher, Richard wants his students to develop rational thought and think rigorously. He feels that he should prepare his brightest students for future leadership and responsibility, and he wants to prepare his other students to be good at whatever jobs they do after graduation. For his college-bound students, he urges them to choose liberal arts schools that allow students to pursue truth, beauty, and wisdom as opposed to "simply getting a piece of paper that leads to a job." Based on what you have learned, Richard's views represent

answer

perennialism.

question

Progressivism's foremost educational advocate was

answer

John Dewey

question

Which of the following books would NOT be on the list of "Great Books" favored by perennialists

answer

The Bluest Eye (Tony Morrison)

question

John Dewey founded a famous experimental school to test his ideas. That school was

answer

the Laboratory School

question

Jeanne has a very simple principle when it comes to his job: To see if an idea has merit, test it. If it works, then it has the potential to be a good idea. Jeanne appears to embrace

answer

pragmatism

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If you were to walk into a progressivist classroom, you would find teachers

answer

acting as facilitators for their students.

question

Social reconstructionists

answer

split with progressivists over the slow pace of change in schools

question

Unlike existentialists, ________ believe that free will is an illusion and that human nature is shaped by the environment

answer

behaviorists

question

The use of a system of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior is based on

answer

behaviorism.

question

When schools use education as a means to sort students so that those judged to be the most gifted are helped to rise to the highest levels of society while the less fortunate are allowed sink to society's lower levels, they are engaging in

answer

social Darwinism.

question

Which of the following educators might have said, "I believe in praxis: When students take action that is based on sound theory and actions, they have the potential to change the world for the better"?

answer

Paulo Freire

question

The Socratic method involves

answer

questioning the student to draw out answers.

question

Critics of the idea that teachers can or should blend philosophies argue that

answer

blending philosophies will result in students learning less.

question

The idea of eternal "forms" underlying all existence comes from

answer

. Plato.

question

Which of the following educators channeled his frustrations regarding his own difficulties with school into the founding of Summerhill, an existentialist school where students decide what and when to learn

answer

A. S. Neill

question

A look at today's science curriculum in most U.S. schools shows an emphasis on

answer

materialism

question

A teacher at your school believes children should be made to reason deductively; another teacher favors lots of hands-on learning activities. These teachers appear to hold different views of

answer

epistemology.

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If Barbara teaches according to the tenets of behaviorism, she

answer

. believes that controlling the environment is the key to getting students to learn.

question

Aesthetics examines

answer

the nature of beauty.

question

The perennialist classroom teacher would have no concern with

answer

computer technology

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Ethnocentrism is

answer

the tendency to view one's own culture as superior.

question

A key aspect of teaching in a constructivist classroom is

answer

understanding each student's prior knowledge and understanding

question

Western models of education vary from other parts of the world in that

answer

Western societies value credentials, such as certification and degrees

question

The city council of Anytown faced difficult decisions when it met to discuss the new budget for the upcoming fiscal year. The school district requested more funds with which to operate the schools, but property values remained low and the hospital authority, the police, and the sanitation program also needed more money to fund their operations at current levels. Anytown is suffering from municipal

answer

Overburdened

question

Marian Wright Edelman is important because she founded the

answer

Children defense fund

question

Reformers who used the courts as a means to redistribute school funds between affluent and less affluent districts were called

answer

Robin Hood reformers

question

Which of the following was NOT a result of San Antonio v. Rodriguez

answer

The Court called for congressional intervention to change funding inequities in education.

question

What was the importance ofEdgewood v. Kirby?

answer

A state supreme court found that gross differences in per-pupil expenditures violated the state constitution

question

Which court case led to the advent of Robin Hood reformers

answer

Serranio vs Priest

question

The state with perhaps the purest example of educational adequacy is

answer

Maryland

question

State constitutions guarantee the right to an "adequate education," expressed as all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Uniform state wide test scores

question

Anytown, Anystate has been hard hit by the great recession of 2008. Which of the following actions would the school board be LEAST likely to take to adjust to the current economic climate

answer

increase the millage rate in order to raise more funds

question

Americans tolerate inequities in school funding because

answer

they feel that more money does not necessarily equal better school performance.

question

In the last fifty years or so, state funding for schools

answer

Has increased dramatically

question

When the federal government awards Eisenhower funds to assist teachers in math and sciences with their instruction, they are providing a

answer

Categorical grant

question

The number of school districts in the nation has been

answer

Decreasing

question

At the end of her school lunch, Sue always looked forward to the cookies that the cafeteria sold. One day she was surprised to see her cookie iced in the shape of a famous athletic apparel brand. What Sue experienced was a type of

answer

Gurella marketing

question

One of the problems with marketing toward children is

answer

It saps creativity from children

question

The school superintendent

answer

is the most powerful education officer in the district.

question

When school principals are forced to prioritize the upkeep of their schools, which are they likely to place first?

answer

placing sound baffles in the halls and commons areas to reduce unwanted noise

question

A "call for accountability" in schools means that people want

answer

evidence that increased financial support results in educational progress.

question

Demographically, school boards are

answer

Especially resistant to diversity

question

The chief state school officer manages

answer

implementation of the policies of the board of education.

question

Which entity is most likely to conduct educational research and development?

answer

State department of education

question

A retired teacher runs for the school board in an at-large election. Most likely, this candidate will act as

answer

a trustee representative

question

The influence of the business community in America's schools can best be characterized as

answer

Extensive and growing

question

School boards are often criticized for

answer

ealing with too limited a range of issues

question

According to Donald McCarty and Charles Ramsey, authors of The School Managers: Power and Conflict in American Public Education, a school board in a community dominated by a few powerful figures will seek out a superintendent who

answer

Has a functionary style

question

Molly is a recent college graduate who is interviewing for a job at the same elementary school where she was a student. Which of the following questions would be appropriate for the principal to ask Molly during the course of a job interview?

answer

"What made you decide to major in early childhood education in college?

question

Cases such as Goss v. Lopez that deal with the proper procedures involving the disciplining and suspension of students would fall under the

answer

14th amendment

question

When a teacher's private life is called into question by the courts, a governing principle that determines whether or not the teacher may be dismissed is ofte

answer

whether there is substantial disruption of the educational process.

question

Generally courts have ruled that teachers may be fired for which of the following?

answer

. using profanity towards students

question

ssa was a senior at Local High School (LHS). Although she was an honor student, Alyssa had a mischievous streak that frequently landed her in the principal's office. In order to get into the college that she wanted, she needed a recommendation letter from her counselor, Mr. Todd. On the day that she went to see him to ask for the letter, he told her to close the door. "Ever since you came here as a freshman, I've had my eye on you. It's amazing just how pretty you've become. I'll be glad to discuss your letter over dinner at my apartment, around eight tonight. Be sure to wear something really pretty. And let's keep our little date to ourselves. After all, we wouldn't want something to happen to that letter, would we"? Based on the dialogue, Alyssa is experiencing

answer

quid pro quo sexual harassment

question

In cases involving teachers' expectations regarding academic freedom, which of the following tend NOT to be considered by the courts?

answer

whether the teachers have sufficient mastery of the subject matter to teach the material in question

question

Paul Pratfall was a young teacher who meant well, but could be easily led off task—especially when it came to afternoon hall duty. When the school dismissal bell rang, Paul's job was to make sure that the children walked safely and in an orderly manner from the classrooms on his hall to the waiting school buses just beyond the front entrance. During Friday's duty, one of Paul's colleagues called out to him. "Hey, Paulie, come in here and check out the article in the paper about the big game tonight. You gotta see it!" At first, Paul hesitated, since he was on duty. Then, he went into his friend's classroom to read the article. After all, he figured that he would only be a minute or two. Paul had just begun to read the article when he heard a loud crash and an anguished cry. He and his colleague ran into the hall to find little Jeannie lying on the floor with her leg obviously broken. Based on this scenario, Paul would most likely be guilty of

answer

nonfeasance

question

School teachers who participate in strikes are

answer

prohibited from doing so in over half of states, but in practice they are rarely prosecuted

question

A teacher's right to freedom of speech regarding matters of public concern is protected due to the holding in

answer

Pickering v. Board of Education.

question

Andy was teaching a unit on Tennyson in his British Literature class when, quite by chance, he came across an essay about the poet that would really "bring the man to life." He made copies of the essay and distributed them to the students. Based on the information presented here, did Andy violate copyright laws?

answer

yes, because the fair use policy is intended for single copies only, not classroom sets of copies

question

Morris Dees and his Southern Poverty Law Center are involved with issues dealing with

answer

civil rights law and equality

question

The Buckley Amendment ensures the rights of ________ to access educational records.

answer

Parents and guardian

question

A child who is expelled for bringing nail clippers to school is probably feeling the consequence of

answer

a zero-tolerance policy

question

Which of the following examples of teacher speech would most likely be considered a "matter of public concern"?

answer

"I was reading some of the environmental data on the site where our new school is being built. It sits right next to an Environmental Protection Agency chemical clean-up zone. I think people need to know about this."

question

A teacher who suspects a child is the victim of child abuse

answer

d. has both an ethical responsibility and a legal responsibility to report the suspected abuse.

question

Which of the following statements regarding zero-tolerance policies is true?

answer

. There is link between the juvenile justice system and those who have been disciplined under zero-tolerance policies.

question

Which of the following cases best demonstrates the U.S. Supreme Court's position on the "separation of church and state"?

answer

: A student decides to start a Christian club that will meet on school grounds, and is given permission by the school administration, which also offers space on school grounds for nonreligious clubs or groups to meet.

question

According to the Fourteenth Amendment, which of the following must occur if a school administrator intends to suspend a student?

answer

The student must have the chance to tell his or her side of the story.

question

Which of the following examples of student expression would be protected under the First Amendment?

answer

. A student protesting the war in Afghanistan wears a black armband to his classes and refuses to speak during the course of the day.

question

Which of the following is an argument used to support character education programs

answer

. The core attributes of moral individuals should be reinforced in the school curriculum and culture

question

The Supreme Court Case Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools is important because it

answer

extended the reach of Title IX so that students could sue schools for monetary damages if they were sexually harassed

question

Regarding search and seizure, the courts have held that

answer

schools must have reasonable suspicion to execute a search on school grounds

question

A new principal is concerned with the rash of cheating and plagiarizing that is occurring in his school. He wants to enact a policy that will reduce such incidences. Which of the following actions might be the most effective?

answer

Teachers will review research and writing skills at the beginning of each term in every class where a paper, presentation, or project will be assigned.

question

Why have many courts rejected educational malpractice lawsuits?

answer

They charge that many factors affect learning and the school system cannot be solely to blame for failure to learn

question

Gina is a middle grades teacher who has a student named Joey. She has noticed that Joey comes to school wearing the same clothes each day: a t-shirt, shorts, and flip-flops. He wears this outfit even on days when it is very cold outside. Recently, Joey seems to be more withdrawn, largely ignoring his friends and Gina, too. Based on Gina's observations, she should

answer

c. file a report with her principal or counselor immediately, since Joey could be suffering from abuse or neglect

question

In Alice's classroom, the great majority of her students do well academically. When she is asked about why she feels she is such a successful teacher, she says that she structures her instruction so that her students can do well either working with her directly on their own. She says that her students often do even better working on their own than with her! Alice's classroom best exemplifies

answer

academic learning time.

question

During classroom discussions, Juan never started a question by naming a student. He always asked a question, and then identified the student he wanted to answer the question. According to Kounin, this is an example of

answer

Group altering

question

Students were often very distracted in Agnes's classroom. Whenever they seemed to engage in an activity, she would just seem to say or do something totally random that had nothing to do with the lesson assigned. For example, during a review game for the test the following day, just when the students were getting into the activity, she blurted out, "Does anyone know who we are playing this Friday night"? Well, of course, the interruption stopped the game while all the students answered her question. Agnes's behavior would best fit the phenomenon of

answer

Thrust

question

In order to promote more efficient use of classroom time, classroom rules should be

answer

Few and fair

question

You have just been assigned to teach a class that has several management problems. A good strategy to reduce or eliminate these problems would be to

answer

Establish routines to provide and sense of stability

question

Bella feels that her students deserve a safe, orderly classroom in which they can learn. She lets her students know her rules and the consequences for breaking those rules. When students do misbehave, she enforces her consequences quickly, fairly, and with minimal disruption to the class. Bella is a practitioner of

answer

Assertive discipline

question

In order for classroom rules to be effective, they must

answer

Tied to strong consequences

question

By beginning a lesson with a riddle or an anecdote, a teacher is trying to establish

answer

Motivation

question

The student who is typically asked the most questions by the teacher is the

answer

White male

question

In order to help manage student anger and aggression, Irina frequently includes as part of her instruction activities that are collaborative and allow her students to express their ideas and opinions. Irina's approach best reflects learning

answer

Community

question

Lower-order questions

answer

Can be answered through memory and recal

question

Lower-order questions occur in

answer

Knowledge and comprehensive stages of blooms taxonomy

question

Higher-order questions are most effectively used during

answer

. a discussion of student opinions.

question

A teacher asks a student to grade her own research paper—and to justify her grade. Identify the level of this task on Bloom's taxonomy.

answer

Evaluation

question

The amount of time a teacher typically waits to call on a student after asking a question is

answer

One second or less

question

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the pedagogical cycle?

answer

"Class, you are now going to engage in an individual activity about the battle of Gettysburg."

question

When a teacher breaks down (or "chunks") information, he is engaged in

answer

Clarification

question

For students, the problem with an "okay classroom" is that it

answer

. does not provide adequate feedback and can lead to confusion

question

The most frequent teacher reaction is

answer

Acceptance

question

Statements such as "Great job" or "Well done" are

answer

ineffective forms of praise because they are generic.

question

Direct teaching is

answer

teacher presentation of new material, followed by student practice and feedback

question

As a new teacher, you are considering using cooperative learning. One research finding supporting your decision is that

answer

students have greater motivation to learn.

question

Larry Cuban is critical of the technological revolution in the classroom because

answer

teachers have difficulty using technology efficiently.

question

Mastery learning is based on the premise that

answer

. all students can learn—if given the right tools and the opportunity to work at their own pace.

question

After having attended a workshop on problem-based learning, you decide to try it out. You realize that a key teacher role in this approach is to

answer

Identify activities that fuel a students interest

question

Your school principal, parents, and faculty are concerned with declining student achievement. You are asked to serve on a committee intended to reverse that trend and increase student achievement, and so you review the research. Based on the research, which of the following four plans is most likely to improve academic performance over the long run?

answer

Focus on recruiting teachers to the faculty who have had a strong teacher education preparation and training

question

In order to stem the exodus of new teachers from the field, more school districts are implementing

answer

: more mentoring programs for new teachers.

question

Induction programs tend to

answer

. last at least one year, and often longer.

question

The movement toward peer review reflects

answer

the movement toward greater teacher professionalism and autonomy

question

Jean is a new teacher at the end of her second year. When she meets with her principal to discuss her performance for the year and her assignment for the following school year, the principal will probably rely on Jean's

answer

Evaluate observations

question

Critics argue that teacher observations are ineffective because

answer

an unrealistic number of teachers are given satisfactory observations

question

ll of her life, Nadia had been told by the teachers in her family, "If you go into teaching, don't smile until Christmas." Nadia figured her relatives knew what they were talking about, so she opted to be stern and run a quiet, highly managed class. If Nadia adopts such an approach, she will

answer

isk having the students "revolt" later in the year

question

Suggested strategies for creating learning communities include all the following EXCEPT

answer

consolidating smaller schools into larger ones to achieve a "critical mass" of learners in a school.

question

Daniel Pink, in his book A Whole New Mind: Why Right-Brainers Will Rule the Future, argues that

answer

American schools should focus less on skills that we are no longer competitive in, such as science, math, and technology.

question

One of the major incentives for teachers to engage in professional development activities is that the more professional development teachers engage in

answer

The geater their salary will be

question

According to researchers, problems arise with professional development when

answer

It is brief and sparatic

question

An effective career ladder for teachers would include

answer

ncreases in salary and status based on increased responsibility.

question

The most effective professional development programs

answer

tie teaching skills to subject content.

question

All of the following arguments are used by opponents of teachers' unions EXCEPT that

answer

. unions have inappropriately close relationships with state and local departments of education.

question

A group of teachers at a local middle school were concerned about how students who did not speak English as their first language were struggling in their reading classes. In response, the teachers decided to develop the "Read from the Heart" program and implement it in their classes. They would pre- and post-test the students to see if the program helped the students' reading proficiency. Based on the description above, these teachers were engaged in

answer

collaborative action research

question

Teachers in industrialized European nations

answer

have, on average, four to five times more time for professional development and collaboration on instructional issues than American teachers

question

Which of the following statements accurately describes the nature of hiring of teachers and administrators and support staff?

answer

The number of American administrators and nonteaching support staff has more than doubled over the past three decades.

question

The NEA and AFT

answer

continue to be very important organizations, which collectively count nine out of ten teachers as their member

question

One of the major shifts in the general working environment that is also impacting teaching is the

answer

increasing influence of psychic rewards as a source of motivation.

question

Recently, some states such as Wisconsin have become notable for

answer

stripping teachers of their collective bargaining rights.

question

According to Pink, if America is to remain competitive economically, schools must teach our students

answer

become less focused on specialization.

question

The authors recommend that the behavioral management style for new teachers should

answer

mimic the philosophy and climate of the school being taught in, based on its norms.

question

When teachers initially enter the classroom environment, their primary focus tends to be

answer

Survival

question

School districts get the best return on their investment in terms of academic achievement when they invest in

answer

teachers' professional growth.

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