question

Most common use for bethanechol (urecholine) therapy is to___.

answer

Stimulate urine output in pts with urinary retention

question

After your pt takes bethanechol and prazosin, he notices that he feels lightheaded. BO 80/40 and HR is unchanged from baseline. Which med did this

answer

Prazosin

question

How do you recommend the MD treat the pt with decreased BP and no change in HR?

answer

Initiate phenylephrine therapy

question

The pt's condition resolved eventually. Several days later, pt complains of worsening diarrhea and increased oral secretions. Effects are from ___?

answer

Bethanechol

question

Hows does prazosin work?

answer

Blocks alpha 1 receptors

question

What med is an acetylcholinestrase inhibitor?

answer

Pyridostigmine

question

Describe mechanism of action of pyridostigmine. Acetylcholinestrase inhibitors ___ the amount of ___ available at the neuromuscular junction.

answer

increasing, acetylcholine

question

In discussing pyridostigmine, you warn the pt to be aware of ___ associated with this therapy.

answer

increased secretions

question

Alternative uses for acetylcholinestrase inhibitors?

answer

Anticholinergic overdose

question

True or False: ace inhibitors are associated with tachycardia.

answer

False

question

Stimulation of beta 1 receptors does what

answer

increases heart rate

question

Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors does what

answer

Decrease in epinephrine/norepinephrine output

question

Stimulation of beta 2 receptors does what

answer

Bronchodilation

question

Stimulation of cholinergic receptors does what

answer

Increase in salivation

question

Blockade of alpha 1 receptors does what

answer

Vasodilation

question

Stimulation of alpha 1 receptors does what

answer

vasoconstriction

question

Pt on Metoprolol, Doxazosin, Levalbuterol. Pt most likely being treated for___.

answer

HTN, COPD/Asthma, BPH

question

Pt complains of symptoms associated wth upper respiratory tract infection. Wants pseudoephedrine. How do you respond? (he has HTN)

answer

Alpha 1 agonists like this can exacerbate HTN so this treatment should be avoided

question

Pt on Metoprolol,Doxazosin, Levalbuterol will be going on cruise and plans on using scopolamine patch. what do you say?

answer

Avoid using this med if you have BPH because it can cause urinary retention

question

Pt passes out, HR is 20 and progressively slowing. What should he get?

answer

Atropine.

question

What med could have slowed HR down? (Doxazosin, Levalbuterol, Metoprolol)

answer

Metoprolol

question

Non-selective beta blockers like propranolol should be avoided in pts suffering from HTN, anxiety, or tachycardia?

answer

None of those

question

Which of the following agents is useful in treating overactive bladder?

answer

Solifenacin

question

One of your pts suffers from orthostatic HTN. How can you treat this?

answer

Proamatine

question

Pt received continuous dose of nebulized albuterol to treat an asthma attack. What adverse effect can you expect?

answer

Tachycardia

question

Goals of a med's action w/in the body could include any of the following except (to block a physiological process, to mimic a physiologic process, to stimulate a new physiologic process, to interrupt the actions of a foreign invader)

answer

to stimulate a new physiological process.

question

Meds that are sources from ___ often are associated with a high level of antigenicity, poor reproductability, and containing impurities.

answer

animal products

question

___ trials are typically performed on young healthy male subjects to evaluate human biological effect and adverse effect.

answer

Phase I clinical

question

LSD is a substance with a high incidence of abuse and no currently accepted medical use, thus classifying it as a ___ controlled substance.

answer

Schedule I

question

Hydromorphone binds directly to and stimulates activity of mu-opiod receptors in the CNS. Based on this receptor-site interaction, Dilaudid is classified as an ___.

answer

Agonist

question

Narcan binds directly to and blocks the activity of mu-opiod receptors in the CNS. Based on this interaction, Narcan is a ___.

answer

competative antagonist

question

Trimethoprim elicits its effet by inhibiting bacterial folate synthesis with no impact on human folate levels. Thus trimethoprim exhibits ___.

answer

selective toxicity.

question

Pt's blood glucose begins to decrease within 15 mins following administration of insulin aspart. This time describes the drug's ___.

answer

Onset of action

question

A patient remains sedated for up to one hour following administration of midazolam. This time describes the drug's ___.

answer

duration of action

question

Pt has recieved vanco 1g IV Q12 for two days for suspected endocarditis. MD wants trough with next does which is scheduled at 21:00. When do you take it?

answer

20:30

question

T or F: Lipophyllic meds are commonly associated with side effects involving CNS

answer

T

question

Factors that affect the absorption of meds administered via IM include the following except (fat content, perfusion of muscle tissue, ethnic background, gender)

answer

ethnic background

question

Oral solutions that are clear in color may be given IV if pt is NPO (T or F)

answer

F

question

IV meds are intended to be administered by all of the following except (bolus injection, infiltration, intermittent infusion, continuous infusion)

answer

infiltration

question

Oral doses of meds are often much greater than IV equivalents of the same med due ot the occurence of ___.

answer

first-pass effect

question

Leothyroxine tablets are approx. 50% absorbed when given via oral route of administration. Describes drug's ___.

answer

bioavailability

question

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index have greater potential for ___.

answer

Causing serious toxicity

question

When are peaks taken

answer

30 mins after med finished being administered.

question

Cytochrome P-450 enzymes are responsible for ___ of many drugs.

answer

Metabolism

question

Phenytoin is an entiepileptic agent that has a high affinity for plasma proteins and thus a ___.

answer

long duration of action

question

Clopidogrel is an antiplatelet agent that requires activation by the liver in order to elicit its effect, thus categorizing the medication as a

answer

prodrug.

question

Herbal supplements can produce clinically significant interactions with medications. T or F

answer

True

question

Drug interactions only occur at the site of action of the medication in questio, T or F

answer

False

question

Nitroglycerine is a vasodilator used for a variety of indications including HTN. If pt experiences hypotension as a side effect, that would be described as a ___.

answer

primary action of the drug

question

After receiving a second dose of cefazolin, a pt develops acute SOB, tachycardia, and hives over the trunk and all four extremities. Pt likely suffering ___.

answer

anaphylactic reaction.

Duquesne Nursing Pharmacology Exam 1 – Flashcards

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