Diseases of the Skin and Eyes – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| What does acne include? |
answer
| All follicle associated lesions. |
question
| What is the causative agent of acne? |
answer
| Propionibacterium acnes |
question
| How does P. Acnes manifest? |
answer
| Digests the oil surplus resulting in local inflammation that can eventually burst the follicle. |
question
| Is acne considered a communicable infection? |
answer
| No |
question
| What is a comedo? |
answer
| Skin initially swells over pore leading out of the hair follicle. If the pore is closed its a whitehead. If its open but blocked with dark plug of sebum its a black head. |
question
| What is a pustule/papule? |
answer
| When lesion erupts on the surface |
question
| What is a cyst? |
answer
| Pustules that come to involve deeper layer of skin |
question
| What is the causative agent of folliculitis, hidradentitis, furuncles, and carbuncles? |
answer
| S. Aureus |
question
| What is S. Aureus virulence factors? |
answer
| 1.)Capsule 2.)Enzymes (coagulase) 3.)Toxins 4.)mecA gene |
question
| What does the enzyme Coagulase do for S. Aureus? |
answer
| impedes progress of leukocytes into infected areas but producing clots. |
question
| What toxins does S. Aureus produce? |
answer
| Hemolysin- kills RBC Enterotoxin - causes symptoms in GI tract |
question
| What is the mecA gene? |
answer
| Provides resistance to methicilin, penicilin, and other penicillin like drugs. |
question
| What is folliculitis? |
answer
| Inflammation of the hair follicle. |
question
| What is hiradradentitis? |
answer
| Inflammation of a gland |
question
| What is a furuncle? |
answer
| A boil. Infection extends from the follicle/gland into surrounding tissues. |
question
| What is a carbuncle? |
answer
| Larger, deeper lesion resulting from aggregating and interconnections of multiple furuncles. |
question
| What causes impetigo? |
answer
| Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus |
question
| What is impetigo? |
answer
| Superficial bacterial infection |
question
| What is S. Pyrogenes virulence factor? |
answer
| Streptolysin - destroys RBC |
question
| Is impetigo highly contagious? |
answer
| Yes |
question
| How is impetigo transmitted? |
answer
| Direct contact but someimtes fomites |
question
| Who does impetigo infect and what does it look like? |
answer
| Children. Flaky scabs, honey colored crusts, peeling skin. Around mouth, face and extremities. |
question
| What is Staphylococcal Impetigo? |
answer
| Superficial skin infection characterized by weeping pus production (pyoderma) |
question
| What are the symptoms of Strep impetigo? |
answer
| Burning, itching lesions that break and weep highly contagious yellow crust |
question
| What is a Pseudomonas aeurginosa infection a common cause of? |
answer
| Infection in burn patients and bacterial nosocomial pneumonia. |
question
| Is P. Aeurginosa opportunistic or true? |
answer
| Opportunistic. |
question
| What can P. Aeurginosa cause? |
answer
| Endocarditis, meningitis, skin rashes, UTI's, external ear infections, corneal ulcers via contacts |
question
| What is a characteristic of P. Aeurginosa infection? |
answer
| Grape-like odor and bluish-colored pus |
question
| What is the cause of Gas Gangrene? |
answer
| Clostridium Perfringens |
question
| How is Gas Gangrene contracted? |
answer
| Bacteria/spores enter damaged tissues and release endotoxins that cause necrosis of the surrounding tissues. |
question
| What results from the release of endotoxins? |
answer
| Hydrogen and CO2 are produced via fermentation of amino acid and glycogen in the dead tissues. |
question
| How is Gas Gangrene treated? |
answer
| Removal of dead/infected tissue or amputation |
question
| Is there a toxoid or vaccine for Gas Gangrene? |
answer
| No |
question
| What is used to slow bacterial growth in Gas Gangrene infections? |
answer
| Hyperbaric oxygen treatment |
question
| What is the causative agent in Necrotizing Fasciitis? |
answer
| Strep Pyrogenes or Staph Aureus |
question
| How is Necrotizing Fasciitis transmitted? |
answer
| Contaminate skin wounds |
question
| How does Necrotizing Fasciitis attack? |
answer
| Release toxins resulting in destruction of fat and muscle that can spread via blood steam and result in organ failure or death. |
question
| What is the causative agent of Chickenpox? |
answer
| Varicella-Zoster Virus. |
question
| Is Chickenpox a DNA or RNA virus? |
answer
| DNA |
question
| What are the symptoms of the chicken pox virus? |
answer
| Rash with macules (small red spots), papules (little bumps), vesicles (small blisters), and pustules (pus-filled blisters) |
question
| The pustules of a chickenpox infection eventually crust over and fall off. The rash radiates in sparse crops to the extremities. T or F? |
answer
| T |
question
| When can shingles occur? |
answer
| Months or years after the primary chickenpox infection and is caused by the latent virus harbored in sensory neurons. |
question
| What leads to pain and tenderness that can last for months with shingles? |
answer
| Inflammation of portions of neurons |
question
| Why are children are prone to secondary infections? What is the causative agent of these? |
answer
| Because the chickenpox lesions are itchy. S. Pyrogenes and S. aureus |
question
| What is measles caused by? |
answer
| Rubeola virus |
question
| How are the measles transmitted? |
answer
| Direct contact with respiratory secretions. One of the most contagious diseases. |
question
| What is the main characteristic of measles? |
answer
| Small oral lesions called Koplik's Spots that ultimately causes a skin rash starting at the head and progressing to the trunk and extremities and disappearing in that order. |
question
| What is a secondary infection of measles? |
answer
| Ear infections and pneumonia |
question
| Is measles self-limiting? How long can it last? What are complications of it? |
answer
| Yes. 20-22 days from time of infection. Lung or brain damage. |
question
| What causes Rubella? |
answer
| Rubella virus. |
question
| What are the 2 forms? |
answer
| Postnatal - acquired after birth Congenital - virus is obtained in utero |
question
| What are the characteristic symptoms of Postnatal Rubella? |
answer
| Spreading pink rash or joint pain |
question
| About _____ of postnatal rubella infections are asymptomatic. |
answer
| half |
question
| Postnatal Rubella clears up in __-___ days leaving ________ immunity. |
answer
| 2-3. Lifelong |
question
| If the Rubella virus is exposed to the fetus in the first trimester, what is the effect? |
answer
| Always results in miscarraige or multiple permanent defects of the eyes, ears, brain and heart. |
question
| Infants that survive exposure to the rubella virus in utero do what? |
answer
| Excrete the disease for months. |
question
| What is the causative agent of fifths disease? |
answer
| parvovirus |
question
| What is the characteristic symptom of fifths disease? |
answer
| Begins as a reddish rash on the face (slap-cheek) then spreads over the body primarily on the arms, legs and trunk. |
question
| How long can Fifths Disease last? Can it come back? |
answer
| days to weeks and can recur at times of stress. |
question
| What is the causative agent of Roseola? |
answer
| HHV-6 |
question
| What are the symptoms of Roseola? |
answer
| Results in a high fever which can be followed by rash but most cases proceed without the rash. Fever disappears on 4th day but rash can appear after. |
question
| What virus is thought to have been exposed to every adult? |
answer
| HHV-6 |
question
| What are papillomas caused by? |
answer
| Warts. Caused by Human Papillomavirus. |
question
| What is a papilloma? |
answer
| Benign squamous cell, epithelial growths that may be covered by skin (wart) or mucus membrane (papilloma) |
question
| What are the 3 types of warts? |
answer
| 1.) Common Warts - affects fingers and occasionally other parts. 2.)Plantar warts - deep painful warts on the soles of feet 3.)Genital warts - Most common STD in US. Range from tiny to cauliflower like growths. Primarily affects the external genetalia but can infect the cervix, urethra and anus. |
question
| Some strains of non-wart causing HPV has been linked to what? |
answer
| Cervical and oropharyngeal cancer. |
question
| There are currently over _____ known strains of HPV with about _____ affecting the genitalia. |
answer
| 100/30 |
question
| How are all 3 warts treated? |
answer
| Freezing them with liquid nitrogen or electrocautery. |
question
| What cream is used to treat external genital warts? |
answer
| Aldara |
question
| What is the recurrence rate of between __-__%? |
answer
| 10-40% |
question
| What does Gardisil build immunity against? |
answer
| HPV strains 6,11,16,18. Reccomended for girls and boys 9-24 |
question
| What is the causative agent of M. Whitlow? |
answer
| HSV-1 or HSV-2 |
question
| How is M. Whitlow contracted? |
answer
| Virus enters through small breaks in unprotected skin causing the same types of lesions seen with cold sores or genital herpe infections |
question
| What is M. Whitlow? |
answer
| Deep and extremely painful localized infecton of the fingers |
question
| What was M. Whitlow common in many years ago? |
answer
| Nurses and hygienists because gloves were not common |
question
| Who is M. Whitlow common in now? |
answer
| People with HSV infections in other parts of their bodies. |
question
| What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Anthrax? |
answer
| Bacillus Anthracis |
question
| What is Cutaneous Anthrax? |
answer
| Papule that becomes increasingly necrotic then ruptures to form a black eschar (scab). |
question
| How is cutaneous anthrax contracted? |
answer
| Endospores enter the skin through small cuts or abrasions leading to a localized infection resulting in the formation of a papule. |
question
| What is the causative agent of Cutaneous Mycoses? |
answer
| Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton. |
question
| What causes an immune response or redness and inflammation in Cutaneous Mycoses? |
answer
| Products of the fungal metabolism. |
question
| What is the Cutaneous Mycoses infection limted to? |
answer
| Nonliving epidermal tissues and their derivatives |
question
| What is tine capitis? |
answer
| scalp ringworm |
question
| What is tinea barbae? |
answer
| beard ringworm |
question
| What is tinea axillaries? |
answer
| Armpit ringworm |
question
| What is Tinea corpus? |
answer
| Body ringworm |
question
| What is Tinea cruris? |
answer
| groin ringworm (jock itch) |
question
| What is tinea pedis? |
answer
| Feet ringworm. Athlete's foot |
question
| What is tinea manuum? |
answer
| Hand ringworm |
question
| What is tinea ungiunum? |
answer
| Nail ringworm |
question
| What is bacterial conjuctivitis caused by? |
answer
| Haemophilus aegyptius, " influenzae, Strep pneumo, Strep pyrogenes, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and S. aureus |
question
| What is viral conjuctivits caused by? |
answer
| Adenovirus |
question
| What are the symptoms of conjuctivitis? |
answer
| Senstivity to light, swelling eye lids, increased tears, redness, and lg amounts of pis |
question
| What does milky discharge indicate? |
answer
| Bacterial conjuctivitis infection |
question
| What does clear exudate indicate? |
answer
| Viral conjuctivitis infection |
question
| Is Keratitis more or less serious than conjunctivitis? |
answer
| More |
question
| What is Keratitis? |
answer
| invasion of deeper eye tissues occurs, leads to complete coroneal destruction |
question
| What is the most common causative agent of Keratitis? |
answer
| Herpes simplex viruses |
question
| What does Keratitis result from? |
answer
| misdirected reactivation of a cold sore causing HSV. Can be direct contact of the virus within the eye area. |
question
| What are preliminary symptoms of Keratitis? |
answer
| Feeling gritty in eye, conjunctivitis, sharp pain, sensitivity to light. |
question
| What is the leading cause of infectious blindness in the US? |
answer
| Keratitis |
