question

Research on nutrition indicates that

answer

a. the percentage of children who eat dinner with their families increases slightly between ages 9 and 14.

question

Which of the following is supported by research on unintentional injuries in middle childhood?

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b. Parents tend to underestimate their child's safety knowledge and physical abilities.

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Research confirms that __________ plays a large role in accounting for boys' gross-motor superiority.

answer

d. the social environment

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One valid criticism of youth sports is that

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b. they overemphasize competition and substitute adult control for children's natural experimentation with rules and strategies.

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

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c. is usually a lifelong disorder

question

Children who acquire effective self-regulatory skills develop a sense of

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d. academic self-efficacy.

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Many studies show that

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c. combining phonics with whole language is the best approach for teaching beginning reading.

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In Sternberg's triarchic theory, intelligent behavior involves balancing __________ intelligences.

answer

c. analytical, creative, and practical

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Mrs. Ritchie wants to foster her students' emotional intelligence. Her lesson plans should use active learning techniques that provide skill practice in __________ and __________.

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a. respect and caring for others; resistance to unfavorable peer pressure

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Research shows that children who engage in as little as 21 minutes of independent reading per day

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d. are exposed to nearly 2 million words per year

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Research on bilingual education shows that

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d. a strategy that promotes children's native-language skills while they learn English is most effective for non-English-speaking minority children.

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Studies show that educational self-fulfilling prophecies are especially strong

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b. when teachers emphasize competition and publicly compare children.

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According to Erikson, a sense of __________ can develop in middle childhood when family life fails to prepare children for school life or when teachers and peers destroy children's self-confidence with negative responses.

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c. inferiority

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As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is increasingly vested in

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a. information from siblings.

question

Compared to his Caucasian-American agemates, Leonard, an African-American fourth grader, is more likely to have

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b. lower self-esteem, but a stronger sense of ethnic pride.

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Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make __________ attributions, crediting their successes to __________.

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d. mastery-oriented; ability

question

Teachers who are __________ and emphasize __________ tend to have mastery-oriented students.

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b. caring; getting good grades

question

Which of the following statements about emotional self-regulation in middle childhood is true?

answer

d. By age 10, most children shift adaptively between problem-centered and emotion-centered coping.

question

Principal Allen wants to reduce prejudice at his middle school. Which of the following interventions should he use?

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c. assign children to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds

question

__________ children are at the highest risk for poor school performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence and delinquency with criminality in early adulthood.

answer

a. Rejected

question

Research has shown that parents promote gender stereotypes by

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a. praising girls for knowledge and boys for obedience

question

Despite the concerns of middle childhood, child rearing becomes easier for those parents who established a(n) __________ style in the early years.

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a. authoritative

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A study conducted showed that fifth and sixth graders describe __________ as the most influential people in their lives.

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b. parents

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The overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce is

answer

d. shielding the child from family conflict and using authoritative child rearing

question

Research on child sexual abuse indicates that

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a. the abuser is typically a parent or someone the parent knows well.

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Most researchers today believe that adolescent development is

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c. influenced by biological, psychological, and social forces.

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During puberty, neurons become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters. As a result, adolescents

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b. require less nightly sleep than school-age children and adults

question

Sleep-deprived adolecents

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d. are less likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.

question

Which of the following statements about sex differences in adolescents' reactions to pubertal changes is true?

answer

a. A few girls tell a friend that they are menstruating, but more boys tell a friend about spermarche.

question

Which of the following statements about adolescent moodiness is true?

answer

a. Younger adolescents' mood swings are strongly related to situational changes

question

__________ is a modern substitute for the actual physical departure of young people from the family group that takes place in industrialized nations.

answer

a. Psychological distancing

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Randy is viewed by both adults and peers as relaxed, independent, and self-confident. Maria is viewed by both groups as physically attractive, lively, and sociable. Which of the following is likely to be true?

answer

b. Randy is an early-maturing boy, and Maria is a late-maturing girl.

question

Which of the following statements about individuals with bulimia nervosa is true?

answer

b. They usually feel depressed and guilty about their abnormal eating habits and desperately want help.

question

Research shows that many adolescents do not use contraception during sexual activity because they

answer

b. fail to apply their reasoning skills to everyday situations.

question

Which of the following three-phase sequences do many homosexual adolescents and adults move through in coming out to themselves and others?

answer

a. feeling different, confusion, and self-acceptance

question

Studies show that most adolescents are aware of basic facts about AIDS but

answer

d. are poorly informed about how to protect themselves against other STDs.

question

In Canada and Western Europe, where community- and school-based clinics offer adolescents contraceptives and where universal health insurance helps pay for them, __________ than in the United States.

answer

d. pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion rates are much lower

question

Adolescent drug experimentation

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d. should not be taken lightly because a single heavy dose can lead to permanent injury or death.

question

The imaginary audience is adolescents' belief that they are

answer

b. the focus of everyone else's attention and concern.

question

Compared with adults making decisions, teenagers

answer

b. less often fall back on intuitive judgments

question

Which of the following statements about school transitions is true?

answer

d. For well-adjusted youths, grade point averages tend to increase with the high school transition.

question

Which of the following statements about part-time work during high school is true?

answer

c. The more hours students work, the more likely they are to drop out of school.

question

Which of the following factors is predictive of high self-esteem in adolescence?

answer

b. authoritative parenting

question

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?

answer

c. The majority of young people change from moratorium to foreclosure or diffusion in young adulthood.

question

Adolescents who __________ tend to be in a state of moratorium or identity achievement.

answer

c. feel attached to their parents but also free to voice their own opinions

question

Which of the following is a strategy for helping minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts constructively?

answer

a. respecting native languages and unique learning styles in school

question

At Kohlberg's Stage 5 of moral development, individuals

answer

d. regard laws and rules as flexible instruments for furthering human purposes.

question

According to Kohlberg, mature moral thinkers

answer

c. realize that behaving in line with their beliefs is vital for creating and maintaining a just social world.

question

Religious involvement

answer

a. promotes responsible academic and social behavior.

question

Mild family conflict

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c. is associated with a rise in antisocial behavior, particularly for older adolescents.

question

Early dating

answer

b. is related to drug use, delinquency, and poor academic achievement.

question

The most common psychological problem of adolescence is

answer

d. depression.

question

Which of the following statements about adolescent suicide is true?

answer

c. Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths are at a high risk for suicide

question

Which of the following statements about factors related to juvenile delinquency is true?

answer

b. Girls who experience parental divorce and separation are more likely to engage in antisocial behavior than boys who experience parental divorce and separation.

question

During the twenties and thirties, changes in physical appearance and declines in body functioning are

answer

c. so gradual that most are hardly noticeable.

question

When an adult suffers from atherosclerosis, it typically develops

answer

d. early in life and progresses during middle adulthood.

question

In the United States,

answer

a. many people show large weight gains between the ages of 25 and 40.

question

__________ is the single most important preventable cause of death in industrialized nations.

answer

c. Cigarette smoking

question

Which of the following statements about the sex lives of American adults is true?

answer

a. Most married adults say they are only somewhat happy with their sex lives

question

The overall rate of STDs is higher among women than men because

answer

a. it is at least twice as easy for a man to infect a woman with any STD than for a woman to infect a man.

question

Which of the following is an accurate statement about risk and resilience in emerging adulthood?

answer

a. Emerging adults are susceptible to many risks due to their poor decision making and uncertainty about the future.

question

According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love,

answer

c. intimacy, passion, and commitment shift in emphasis as romantic relationships develop.

question

Sal and Sadie have been married for 40 years. When asked to compare their current relationship to when they were newlyweds, they are most likely to say that

answer

a. their marriage has more passionate love now than earlier.

question

Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy, emotional highs and lows, and desperation about whether her husband returned her affection. Though she offered support to her husband, Gloria did so in ways that poorly fit his needs. She was also quick to express fear and anger. Based on this information, it is likely that Gloria has a(n) __________ attachment history.

answer

b. avoidant

question

Which of the following statements about other-sex friendships is true?

answer

d. When a solid other-sex friendship evolves into a romance, it may be more stable and enduring than a romantic relationship formed without a foundation in friendship.

question

Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got married. As her own children grew up and left home, her parenting responsibilities declined. She eventually retired and her husband died. This series of phases that Emma has experienced is referred to as the

answer

b. social clock.

question

__________ is the most consistent predictor of marital stability.

answer

d. Age of marriage

question

Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

answer

d. eases the transition to parenthood.

question

Parents of __________ often report a dip in marital and life satisfaction.

answer

a. adolescents

question

A recent study of same-sex couples found that same-sex civil unions were __________ heterosexual marriages.

answer

c. less likely to dissolve than

question

Jenelle, a divorced mother with two children, is marrying William, a divorced father with three children. Which of the following statements is probably true?

answer

c. It will take three to five years for Jenelle and William's blended family to develop the connectedness and comfort of intact biological families

question

Research findings indicate that

answer

b. gay and lesbian parents are as committed to and effective as heterosexual parents.

question

During midlife, most adults begin to

answer

d. experience life-threatening health episodes—if not in themselves, then in their partners and friends.

question

Jeanine is 55. According to her doctor, Jeanine's reproductive capacity has ended. She has reached the midlife reproductive transition called

answer

d. the climacteric

question

Episodes of impotence

answer

c. are a sign of serious sexual dysfunction

question

Among the middle-aged adults who rate their health unfavorably

answer

c. men are more likely than women to suffer from fatal illnesses

question

The leading causes of death in middle age are __________ and __________.

answer

b. cancer; cardiovascular disease

question

Symptoms of heart disease in women tend to

answer

a. get overlooked by doctors.

question

Which of the following statements about the Type A behavior pattern is true?

answer

a. Current evidence pinpoints hostility as a toxic ingredient of Type A in both men and women.

question

Individuals who are repeatedly enraged are more likely to be

answer

d. depressed.

question

Suzanne viewed life as fluid. She expected change and accepted it as inevitable. When Suzanne was faced with a problem, she identified it and decided what to do about it. Suzanne used a(n) __________ coping strategy.

answer

c. problem-centered

question

Erikson's psychological conflict of midlife is called __________ versus __________.

answer

b. generativity; stagnation

question

Quentin went to college with the goal of becoming a social worker. Instead, he gave in to pressure from his new spouse and changed his major to business. When looking back at age 50, Quentin wished he had pursued his original dream of becoming a social worker. Quentin is experiencing

answer

a. life regrets .

question

. __________ is common in middle adulthood.

answer

c. Midlife crisis

question

Gilles, age 50, tells his brother, "I'd like to maintain my physical health and work on getting emotionally stronger. I want to be a good friend and a role model to my nephews and nieces. I don't want to be that guy who never comes to family get-togethers because he is too busy working. I want to be successful in my career, but not at the expense of my family. Of course, I want to find my own special partner, but if I don't, I know I'll always have you and the kids." Gilles is discussing his

answer

a. possible selves.

question

Cindy, age 48, cares for her two teenage sons and her ailing mother-in-law. Along with her mother, she is one of a handful of caregivers for her elderly grandmother. Cindy belongs to the __________ generation.

answer

a. kinkeeper

question

Older adults who __________ adapt more favorably and feel better about it.

answer

b. see aging as inevitable and uncontrollable

question

Sedentary healthy older adults up to age 80 who begin endurance training

answer

d. should focus on non-weight-bearing activities.

question

Mr. Martin reached the last years of his life feeling whole, complete, and satisfied with his achievements. He realized that the paths he followed, abandoned, and never selected were necessary for fashioning a meaningful life course. Mr. Martin has achieved

answer

c. a sense of disengagement.

question

Being deeply religious

answer

b. seems to have little effect—positive or negative—on mental and physical health during the last year of life.

question

One reason social withdrawal is so common in nursing home settings is that

answer

a. older adults prefer to be alone over being in the company of residents.

question

__________ are the most frequently reported types of elder abuse.

answer

b. Physical neglect, sexual abuse, and financial abuse

question

Which of the following is an essential ingredient of a "good death"?

answer

a. offering the dying person care, affection, companionship, and esteem

question

Which of the following statements about enhancing children's understanding of the death concept is true?

answer

b. Discussing death candidly with children fuels their fears

question

Kübler-Ross recommends that family members and health professionals

answer

b. not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the person's condition

question

Palliative care involves

answer

d. care aimed at relieving pain and other symptoms.

question

Which of the following statements about advance medical directives is true?

answer

d. A living will is more flexible than a durable power of attorney for health care.

question

People respond to __________ with __________.

answer

c. grief; bereavement

question

Which of the following statements about the dual-process model of coping with loss is true?

answer

c. Effective coping requires people to oscillate between dealing with the emotional consequences of loss and attending to life changes

question

Marion was forbidden by his gay partner's family to attend his partner's funeral or burial service. Marion is at risk for

answer

d. disenfranchised grief.

question

Death education at all levels

answer

d. strives to prepare students to be informed consumers of medical and funeral services.

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY – EXAM 3 – Chapters 9-19 STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards

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