Developmental Ch. 9 – Flashcards
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1. According to the psychometric approach to intelligence, intelligence a. aids in adaptation to the environment. b. is made up of traits that vary and can be measured. c. is fixed at conception by genetic factors. d. is organized by stages or levels.
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b. is made up of traits that vary and can be measured.
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2. Who is most likely to say, "The major focus of my discipline is on the creation and understanding of intelligence tests"? a. Sisko, who is a Freudian b. Kirk, who is a Piagetian c. Janeway, who is an information-processing theorist d. Archer, who is a psychometric theorist
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d. Archer, who is a psychometric theorist
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3. When discussing intelligence, David says, "I subscribe to a psychometric approach on that topic." This means that David would most likely a. be against the idea of measuring intelligence. b. believe that he is smarter than most other people. c. describe a person in terms of measurable traits he or she possesses. d. believe that intelligence is inherited.
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c. describe a person in terms of measurable traits he or she possesses.
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4. The twofactor model argues that intelligence is highly influenced by a factor simply designated as "g." What does "g" stand for? a. Global self-worth b. Genetic inheritance c. Goodness-of-fit d. General mental ability
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d. General mental ability
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5. The intelligence concept of "g" was based on the observation that a. IQ scores predict career success. b. skill levels are consistent across tasks. c. children who take math do better at math. d. there are few racial differences in IQ scores.
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b. skill levels are consistent across tasks.
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6. Whose "formula" for intelligence is, "intelligence" = "g" + "s"? a. Raymond Cattell b. Charles Spearman c. J.P. Guilford d. Louis Thurstone
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b. Charles Spearman
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7. Which pair is best associated with concepts of fluid intelligence? a. Cattell and Horn b. Atkinson and Shiffrin c. Fechner and Weber d. Spearman and Thurstone
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a. Cattell and Horn
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8. _____ intelligence is defined as the ability to use your active mind to solve novel problems. a. Fluid b. Crystallized c. Primary d. Tertiary
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a. Fluid
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9. Fluid intelligence is usually a. taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. b. not taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways. c. taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks. d. not taught and emphasizes using the mind to solve familiar tasks.
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b. not taught and emphasizes using the mind in new ways.
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10. Dominique is shown a series of triangles of different sizes and colors and is asked to guess what the next triangle in the series might look like. The use of this novel task indicates that the person testing Dominique is most likely assessing _____ intelligence. a. fluid b. crystallized c. naturalistic d. linguistic
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a. fluid
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11. Crystallized intelligence is the dimension of intellect that includes all of the following abilities EXCEPT a. word comprehension. b. numerical abilities. c. recognizing relationships between two objects you have never seen before. d. ability to recall general information.
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c. recognizing relationships between two objects you have never seen before.
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12. Kao is involved with a project studying intelligence. During the study, she is first asked to name the state capitals of Wisconsin and Hawaii. Then she is asked to explain the difference between the words "destiny" and "density." Given these tasks, Kao appears to be taking a test of _____ intelligence. a. interpersonal b. crystallized c. spatial d. fluid
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b. crystallized
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13. The basic distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence is that a. fluid intelligence involves using your mind in new ways, and crystallized intelligence involves using what you have already learned. b. fluid intelligence is verbal, and crystallized intelligence is nonverbal. c. fluid intelligence is implicit, and crystallized intelligence is explicit. d. fluid intelligence tests wisdom, and crystallized intelligence tests genius.
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a. fluid intelligence involves using your mind in new ways, and crystallized intelligence involves using what you have already learned.
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14. The modern general consensus concerning intelligence is that a. a general ability influences how well people do on only one or two tasks. b. there are a few broad dimensions of intelligence that can be found in factor analyses. c. specific abilities are not part of intelligence. d. IQ tests do a better job of explaining intelligence than describing intelligence.
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b. there are a few broad dimensions of intelligence that can be found in factor analyses.
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15. The intelligence test developed by Binet and Simon (1904) was specifically designed to a. measure the intelligence quotient (IQ) of adults. b. identify gifted children. c. predict which high school students would be successful in college. d. determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.
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d. determine which school children were likely to be slow learners.
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16. The intent of the original Binet and Simon intelligence test was to be able to identify a. effective soldiers. b. women who would make the best teachers. c. geniuses. d. "dull" children in need of special education.
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d. "dull" children in need of special education.
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17. With regard to the Binet and Simon intelligence test, "age graded" refers to a. a test that is scored by same-age peers. b. the age at which an average child of a certain age can successfully complete an item. c. test items that are similar across cultures. d. a child who typically relies on divergent rather than convergent thinking
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b. the age at which an average child of a certain age can successfully complete an item.
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18. The average level of agegraded problems a person can solve is used to determine the person's a. chronological age. b. karyotype. c. mental age. d. genotype.
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c. mental age.
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19. An average 10-year-old would have a. only a chronological age of 10. b. only a mental age of 10. c. both a chronological and mental age of 10. d. neither a chronological nor mental age of 10
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c. both a chronological and mental age of 10.
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20. Who developed the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale? a. Lewis Terman b. Alfred Binet c. John Stanford d. Theodore Simon
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a. Lewis Terman
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21. The formula for calculating an intelligence quotient is a. IQ = (CA+MA)/100. b. IQ = (CA+MA)*100. c. IQ = (MA/CA)*100. d. IQ = (MA+CA)/100
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c. IQ = (MA/CA)*100.
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22. Ten-year-old Kookla is found to have a mental age of 12. According to the traditional Stanford-Binet Scale, Kookla has an IQ of a. 80. b. 100. c. 110. d. 120.
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d. 120.
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23. Who would have the highest IQ? a. Tom, who is 10 years old and has a mental age of 15 b. Brady, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 10 c. Payton, who is 15 years old and has a mental age of 20 d. Manning, who is 20 years old and has a mental age of 15
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a. Tom, who is 10 years old and has a mental age of 15
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24. Test norms are a. a set of procedures for properly administering a test. b. information specifying the number and types of items found on a test. c. a statement indicating the purpose of the test along with information on appropriate and inappropriate use of test results. d. a table of test scores that indicates the average score and how to interpret the range of scores around that average score.
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d. a table of test scores that indicates the average score and how to interpret the range of scores around that average score.
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25. On the fifth edition of the Stanford-Binet test, a. mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ. b. chronological age is no longer used to calculate IQ. c. no IQ score is calculated. d. there is a "culturalbalance" scale that equates children who have been raised in different cultures.
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a. mental age is no longer used to calculate IQ.
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26. Who is best known for developing a set of intelligence tests that can be used on individuals from toddlerhood to old age? a. Alfred Binet b. David Wechsler c. Charles Spearman d. Howard Gardner
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b. David Wechsler
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27. Harold is about to assess the intelligence of his four-year-old son, Kumar. Which test would be most appropriate him to select? a. WPPSI b. WISC-IV c. WAIS-IV d. MMPI
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a. WPPSI
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28. Sixty-five-year-old Kint is going to a psychologist to have his verbal IQ assessed. Which test would a competent psychologist select to accomplish this goal? a. WPPSI b. WISC-IV c. WAIS-IV d. MMPI
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c. WAIS-IV
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29. Jacque is told that he will be taking the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. What type of task should Jacque expect to complete as part of the assessment of his performance IQ? a. Arithmetic reasoning b. A test of general knowledge c. Puzzle assembly d. Vocabulary
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c. Puzzle assembly
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30. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) test differs from the Stanford-Binet test because only the WISC-IV a. is administered in groups rather than individually. b. emphasizes verbal abilities. c. has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities. d. is administered to children
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c. has separate scores for verbal and performance abilities.
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35. An information-processing theorist focusing on intelligence testing would be most likely interested in a. the statistics used to calculate an IQ score. b. how children solve the problems on the test. c. a child's full IQ score. d. why children solve problems on the test.
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b. how children solve the problems on the test.
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36. The STAT test a. is designed for use with hearing impaired populations. b. generates "creativity" IQ score. c. avoids assessing acquired knowledge. d. includes an essay
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d. includes an essay
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37. One of the unique features of Gardner's theory of intelligence is that it a. rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence. b. promotes the notion of genetic testing as a form of intelligence testing. c. focuses on what someone does not know as opposed to what he or she does know. d. completely ignores the impact of experience on intellectual functioning.
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a. rejects the notion that a single IQ score can meaningfully assess intelligence.
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38. According to Howard Gardner, intelligence consists of at least eight distinct abilities. Which of the following is among Gardner's distinct types of intelligence? a. Musical b. Memory capacity c. Creative d. Interracial
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a. Musical
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39. One of Siggy's most endearing traits is an exceptional sensitivity to other people's motivations and moods. According to Gardner, Siggy would best be classified as having high _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. intrapersonal c. linguistic d. interpersonal
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d. interpersonal
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40. Given that Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was based on Darwin's extremely insightful observation of animals, it is likely that Gardner would have viewed Darwin as having exceptionally high _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic b. intrapersonal c. spatial d. logical-mathematical
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a. naturalistic
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41. His steady hands make Dr. Greene a top-notch surgeon. Given this information, Dr.Greene would appear to have a high level of _____ intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. naturalistic c. linguistic d. interpersonal
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a. bodily-kinesthetic
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42. Cleopatra has an outstanding sense of her own feelings. This ability is best associated with Gardner's _____ type of intelligence. a. bodily-kinesthetic b. intrapersonal c. linguistic d. interpersonal
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b. intrapersonal
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45. People with savant syndrome illustrate that intelligence a. is a single unified ability. b. has no genetic basis. c. cannot be measured. d. consists of multiple and distinct abilities.
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d. consists of multiple and distinct abilities.
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46. While Dilbert is severely intellectually disabled, he has the ability to tell you the day of the week for any future date (e.g., November 27, 2949 = Tuesday). This description indicates that Dilbert a. has great wisdom. b. possesses superb divergent thinking skills. c. has savant syndrome. d. is about to experience a terminal drop.
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c. has savant syndrome.
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47. Gardner's theory of intelligence a. links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain. b. suggests that all types of intelligence have the same developmental course. c. argues that the concept of "g" can be used to explain savant behavior. d. is heavily reliant on the use of traditional IQ tests to assess intelligence.
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a. links distinct types of intelligence to specific areas of the brain.
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48. Sternberg is best associated with _____ theory. a. psychodynamic b. autistic c. triarchic d. IQ
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c. triarchic
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49. Moesha grew up in a society in which women were supposed to always begin a conversation with a man. While traveling in a foreign nation, Moesha learns that in this culture, a woman who begins a conversation with a man is considered stupid. This cultural distinction in the definition of intelligence illustrates what Sternberg called the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical b. fluid c. developmental quotient d. information-processing
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a. practical
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51. When describing the practical component, Sternberg argues that an intelligent person will a. be successful in all situations. b. score high on an IQ test. c. show outstanding abilities in the areas of music and interpersonal skills. d. shape an environment to better suit his or her skills.
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d. shape an environment to better suit his or her skills.
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52. With regard to experience, Sternberg believes that a. the level of intelligence of a response can be accurately assessed only after extensive experience with the tasks. b. experience with a task has no impact on ability to intelligently respond to the task. c. there is no way to assess familiarity with a task. d. the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.
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d. the creative component of intelligence is best measured by a person's responses on novel tasks.
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53. _____ refers to an efficiency of information processing that appears with practice. a. Terminal drop b. Automatization c. Factor analysis d. The Flynn effect
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b. Automatization
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56. The analytic component of intelligence focuses exclusively on a. genetic. b. cultural. c. operant conditioning. d. information-processing skills
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d. information-processing skills
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57. Sternberg would argue that an individual who is outstanding at filtering out irrelevant from relevant information excels on the _____ component of intelligence. a. practical b. experiential c. creative d. analytic
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d. analytic
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58. A key role of Sternberg's triarchic theory was to ______, something that is not commonly found on traditional IQ tests. a. explain how people produce intelligent answers b. create questions that tap into different areas of intellectual functioning c. describe the key role of genetics in determining intelligence d. discuss how a single score could assess intelligence
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a. explain how people produce intelligent answersa. explain how people produce intelligent answers
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59. The newest aspect of Sternberg's approach to intellect is _____ intelligence. a. naturalistic b. successful c. intrapersonal d. bodily-kinesthetic
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b. successful
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60. "Successful intelligence" is BEST summarized as the ability to succeed in a. life b. school c. standardized test situations d. familiar settings
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a. life
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61. Most widely used traditional tests of intelligence focus on _____ intelligence(s). a. creative b. analytic c. practical d. creative, analytic, and practical
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b. analytic
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64. IQ and creativity scores are a. inversely related. b. identical. c. highly related. d. not well correlated.
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d. not well correlated.
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66. Which item is NOT one of the three dimensions on which divergent thinking is analyzed? a. Originality b. Flexibility c. Ideation fluency d. Crystallization
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d. Crystallization
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69. Ideational fluency refers to one's ability to a. pick the most appropriate idea to solve a problem. b. quickly recall synonyms when given a word. c. solve a problem quickly and accurately. d. generate many interesting, novel ideas
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d. generate many interesting, novel ideas
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71. How did Sternberg include the notion of confluence into his theory? a. He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence. b. He saw intelligence as based on cultural differences. c. He suggested that the presence of a member of the same race would improve the intelligence score of children from minority groups. d. He saw intelligence as a "use it or lose it" proposition.
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a. He believed that several factors combined to create intelligence.
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72. Luther is developing a test of intelligence. He believes that in order to accurately generate an intelligence test score, he must assess a multitude of factors that will be added together to form the "product" called intellect. This belief indicates that Luther is a strong proponent of a. confluence. b. creativity. c. convergent thinking. d. neuroplasticity.
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a. confluence.
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74. The major focus of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development is to assess intelligence by measuring a. the rate at which infants achieve developmental milestones. b. vocabulary size. c. creativity. d. physiological status at birth (e.g., heart rate, respiration, muscle tone).
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a. the rate at which infants achieve developmental milestones.
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75. Otis has just been told that his son Goober is going to be assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. As a knowledgeable psychologist, Otis would know that this test will assess Goober's a. savant skills (e.g., ability to calculate future days of the week). b. motor skills (e.g., ability to grasp and throw a ball). c. physiological skills (e.g., average heart rate, respiration). d. sociometric skills (e.g., the number of friends the child has).
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b. motor skills (e.g., ability to grasp and throw a ball).
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76. Searching for a hidden toy is part of the assessment of _____ scale on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. a. behavioral-rating b. motor c. physiological d. mental
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d. mental
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77. Which is NOT one of the scales on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development? a. Motor b. Mental c. Behavioral d. Social
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d. Social
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78. The use of a test yielding a DQ over a test yielding an IQ is most appropriate when you are assessing a. infants. b. preschoolers. c. adolescents. d. the elderly.
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a. infants
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79. If you tested 1,000 infants on a valid test that generated a DQ, what expectation would you have concerning the correlation between the DQ and an IQ taken when these individuals reach age 20? a. Expected correlation around 0 b. Expected correlation around +.5 c. Expected correlation around -1.0 d. Expected correlation around +1.0
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a. Expected correlation around 0
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80. Why do scores on infant developmental scales appear to be such poor predictors of later IQs? a. They do not account for the negative environmental impacts that trump later experiences. b. They are actually very good predictors. c. They are over-reliant on verbal skills that continue to develop in childhood. d. They may tap qualitatively different abilities.
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d. They may tap qualitatively different abilities.
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81. If you want to predict later intelligence using some infant measure, which of the following measures would be best to use with the infants? a. Bayley DQ scores b. Stanford-Binet IQ scores c. Wechsler performance scores d. Speed of habituation scores
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d. Speed of habituation scores
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82. An intelligent infant is best characterized as one who a. prefers familiar information over novel information. b. achieves developmental milestones more quickly than other infants. c. gets bored quickly with familiar information and seeks out novel information. d. slowly habituates to stimuli.
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c. gets bored quickly with familiar information and seeks out novel information.
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83. The stability of IQ scores a. is highest in infancy. b. becomes fairly high starting at around age four. c. is highest with longer times between testing sessions. d. is high for individual children but low for large groups of children.
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b. becomes fairly high starting at around age four.
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85. Which statement best summarizes the pattern of IQ-score change in childhood? a. Overall age group stability but large individual variation b. Significant rise in average group IQ score from early to late childhood c. Significant drop in average group IQ score from early to late childhood d. Overall individual stability but large age-group variation
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a. Overall age group stability but large individual variation
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86. Some children show gains in IQ during their school years. Which factor appears to be the primary cause of such gains? a. Strict child rearing practices b. Relaxed child rearing practices c. Parents who foster achievement d. Effective schools
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c. Parents who foster achievement
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88. The cumulative-deficit hypothesis is often used to explain a. how deficits in school funding create ineffective schools. b. how people with lower IQs have more children, thus lowering the average IQ in a society. c. how the cumulative effects of a superior education create a feeling of never being satisfied. d. how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.
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d. how the negative effects of an impoverished environment "snowball" over time to create lowered IQ scores.
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90. Long-term research on children who were in Project Head Start indicates that a. while early changes in IQ are rare, significant increases in IQ are seen during the college years. b. compensatory programs like Head Start lead to poorer attitudes about achievement. c. children in these programs are more likely to end up in special education classes than their peers. d. participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.
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d. participation in such programs may reduce the likelihood of teenage pregnancy.
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91. Research has shown that children who participate in early intervention programs a. show immediate gains in IQ that last long after the programs end. b. show immediate gains in IQ, but the gains fade after the programs end. c. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, even after the programs end. d. show no immediate gains in IQ, but do eventually show long-term gains, however the gains fade after the programs end
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b. show immediate gains in IQ, but the gains fade after the programs end.
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92. The typical pattern of creativity in childhood is a. high in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and highest by age 12. b. highest in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and lowest by age 12. c. high in preschool, lower in first grade, even lower in fourth grade, and higher by age 12. d. low in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and lower by age 12.
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d. low in preschool, higher in first grade, even higher in fourth grade, and lower by age 12.
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93. Which of the following is true of creative children? a. They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children. b. They tend to be less open to new experiences. c. They do not have unhappy or lonely childhood experiences. d. Their creativity can be predicted by high IQ scores.
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a. They engage in more fantasy or pretend play than other children.
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94. Many early studies suggested that childhood _____ was the driving force behind the development of creativity. a. vaccinations b. nutrition c. adversity d. peer-friendship
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c. adversity
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95. What physiological event has been associated with the acquisition of Piaget's formal operation stage of thinking? a. A spurt in brain development b. Menopause c. Increased levels of androgens d. Spermarche
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a. A spurt in brain development
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96. IQ scores obtained during adolescence are best at predicting a. whether a person will graduate from college. b. a person's high school grades. c. a person's choice of occupation. d. how well a person performs in his or her chosen occupation.
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b. a person's high school grades.
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97. Which statement is true? a. During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity seems to wax and wane. b. During adolescence, creativity becomes more predictable but IQ scores seem to wax and wane. c. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity become more predictable. d. During adolescence, both IQ scores and creativity seem to wax and wane.
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a. During adolescence, IQ scores become more predictable but creativity seems to wax and wane.
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98. The phrase, "I really want to be the best," illustrates the key element of _____ that exemplifies the behavior of many child prodigies. a. specific talent b. supportive environment c. motivation d. ideational fluency
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c. motivation
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100. The Flynn effect refers to the observation that a. IQ scores are no longer related to socioeconomic status. b. average IQ scores have been increasing. c. IQ scores are predictive of educational and occupational achievement as well as income. d. IQ is largely heritable.
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b. average IQ scores have been increasing.
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101. On average, _____ tend to have the highest IQs. a. manual laborers b. blue collar workers c. technical workers d. white collar workers
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c. technical workers
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102. As a general pattern, _____ tend to have the lowest IQs. a. manual laborers b. professional workers c. technical workers d. white collar workers
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a. manual laborers
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103. A large-scale study on intelligence, income, and occupational prestige by Judge, Klinger, and Simon (2010) found that a. general intelligence was not significantly related to either income or occupational prestige. b. general intelligence was significantly related to income but not occupational prestige. c. general intelligence was significantly related to occupational prestige but not income. d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige
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d. general intelligence was significantly related to both income and occupational prestige
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104. To what extent does a person's IQ predict his or her degree of occupational success (productivity)? a. Not at all (r = .00) b. Only very weakly (r = +.5 to .15) c. Fairly well (r = +.30 to .50) d. Extremely well (r = +.90 to 1.0)
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c. Fairly well (r = +.30 to .50)
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107. Which statement best describes Kaufman's (2001) findings on the pattern of IQ change from young adulthood though old age generated by cross-sectional studies? a. IQ scores peak in young adulthood (age 20-30) and decline steadily through middle age (40-50) and old age (80-90). b. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates. c. IQ scores remain fairly constant across the lifespan. d. IQ scores increase gradually between young adulthood (age 20-30) and old age (80-90)
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b. IQ scores rise gradually until middle age (age 40-50) then decline slowly until old age (around 80) when the decline accelerates.
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108. Schaie's sequential study of stability of intellectual abilities showed that a. both cohort and age affect intellectual performance. b. cohort, but not age, affects intellectual performance. c. age, but not cohort, affects intellectual performance. d. neither cohort nor age affects intellectual performance.
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a. both cohort and age affect intellectual performance.
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109. Research on changes in intellectual abilities during adulthood indicates that a. fluid and crystallized intelligence decline at the same rate. b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence. c. crystallized intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than fluid intelligence. d. crystallized and fluid intelligence fluctuate up and down throughout the entire lifespan
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b. fluid intelligence declines earlier and more quickly than crystallized intelligence.
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110. Longitudinal research on IQ change during adulthood indicates that a. crystallized intelligence peaks in young adulthood and then declines steadily. b. both fluid and crystallized and fluid intelligence peak in middle adulthood and then decline steadily. c. crystallized intelligence peaks and then declines, while fluid intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood. d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.
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d. fluid intelligence peaks and then declines, while crystallized intelligence remains steady into middle-old adulthood.
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113. Which of the following can we conclude about intellectual functioning across the lifespan? a. Preference for familiar items and tasks is associated with higher levels of intellectual performance. b. Intellectual functioning is not affected by practice or familiarity. c. The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance. d. Age-related declines in intellectual ability are universal in nature.
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c. The speed with which someone processes information is related to intellectual performance.
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114. Terminal drop is best associated with a. poor health. b. automatization. c. poverty. d. cultural bias.
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a. poor health
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115. Terminal drop is the name given to a. a low score on an IQ test brought about by the child not feeling well on the day of the test. b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying. c. placing an underachieving child in a special education class. d. a gifted student dropping out of high school and remaining underemployed during his or her adult life.
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b. a rapid decline in the mental abilities of elderly people a few years prior to dying.
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119. Research on wisdom suggests that a. most adults are considered to possess wisdom. b. only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom. c. personality and intelligence have little to do with wisdom. d. age predicts wisdom.
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b. only adults with expertise or experience display wisdom.
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120. A study on the development of wisdom in young and elderly women by Staudinger, Smith, and Baltes (2001) found that a. wisdom is quite common in old age. b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age. c. age predicts wisdom. d. life experiences have little to do with the expression of wisdom.
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b. expertise is a better predictor of wisdom than age.
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122. Peak levels of creativity tend to occur EARLIEST in individuals who are in the a. sciences. b. humanities. c. mathematics. d. arts.
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d. arts.
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123. Creative achievement requires a. only enthusiasm. b. only experience. c. both enthusiasm and experience. d. neither enthusiasm nor experience.
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c. both enthusiasm and experience.
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125. Research on aging and creativity has shown that older individuals are _____ than younger adults. a. less original and less productive with creative ideas b. as original and less productive with creative ideas c. original but more productive with creative ideas d. as productive but less original with creative ideas
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b. as original and less productive with creative ideas
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127. The fact that adults born in the 1980s have higher adult IQs than adults born in the 1950s illustrates the _____ effect. a. cumulative-deficit b. Flynn c. intellectual disability d. terminal drop
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b. Flynn
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130. How many of the following four home situations (father is absent from family, mother has poor mental health, family has two or less children, head of household is unemployed) represent possible risk factors for negatively impacting a child's IQ score? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
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c. 3
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131. A researcher is using a measure in which both the emotional and verbal responsiveness of a parent and the provision of appropriate play materials are being assessed. Given this description, the researcher appears to be using the a. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. b. Stanford-Binet IQ Test. c. Bayley Scales of Infant Development. d. HOME inventory.
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d. HOME inventory.
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133. Which statement best describes the impact of genetics and environment on a child's IQ? a. At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ. b. At age two, the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, maternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment. c. At age two, paternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as paternal IQ. d. At age two, of the quality of the home environment best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, paternal IQ becomes as good a predictor as the quality of the home environment.
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a. At age two, maternal IQ best predicts the IQ of a child; by age four, the impact of the quality of the home environment becomes as good a predictor as maternal IQ.
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135. Studies on _____ have shown that being in an impoverished environment has a direct impact on brain development. a. rats b. infants c. toddlers with Down syndrome d. older adults
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a. rats
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136. Scarr and Weinberg's research on social class and IQ showed that a. children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. b. children from disadvantaged homes continue to show significant deficits in IQ even after being adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents. c. children from poor economic conditions do not differ significantly in IQ from children from average or above average economic conditions. d. improving the economic conditions of the home has no significant impact on children's IQs because IQ is so strongly affected by genes.
answer
a. children from disadvantaged homes could raise their IQs if adopted into middle-class homes with intelligent adoptive parents.
question
137. Research on race, ethnicity, and intelligence has shown that a. you cannot predict an individual's IQ on the basis of their race or ethnic status. b. the gap between the IQ scores of European and African-American children has increased in the past few decades. c. different subcultures tend to show the same profile of mental abilities. d. Asian Americans tend to score lower on IQ tests than Hispanic Americans.
answer
a. you cannot predict an individual's IQ on the basis of their race or ethnic status.
question
139. A culture fair test is best defined as one that a. completely eliminates cultural bias from testing. b. can be administered to children from more than one culture. c. includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures. d. includes questions about all cultures.
answer
c. includes questions that are equally familiar or unfamiliar to children from all cultures.
question
142. Which statement concerning racial and ethnic differences in IQ is FALSE? a. The fear of "stereotype threat" (i.e., being judged on qualities associated with negative stereotypes) can help explain why African Americans score lower on IQ tests. b. Stereotype threat appears to account for about 80 points of the gap between majority and non-majority students. c. Mentors tend to increase the level of stereotype threat in members of minority groups. d. Positive stereotypes about a group may increase test performance of that group
answer
b. Stereotype threat appears to account for about 80 points of the gap between majority and non-majority students.
question
143. Research on genetics and intelligence test scores has shown that a. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation but not within-group variation. b. genetic factors can help partially explain within-group variation but not between-group variation. c. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation and within-group variation. d. genetic factors cannot help partially explain neither between-group variation or within-group variation.
answer
a. genetic factors can help partially explain between-group variation but not within-group variation.
question
148. Organic intellectual disability is the term given to intellectual disability caused by a. heredity, disease, or injury. b. lack of schooling. c. lack of intellectual stimulation. d. poor nutrition.
answer
a. heredity, disease, or injury.
question
150. Which statement about the classification of intellectual disabilities is true? a. About 10% of school-age children are classified as having an intellectual disability. b. The rate of children diagnosed with mild intellectual disabilities has increased dramatically in the past few decades. c. Parents seldom negatively react to a child's disability. d. Children with intellectual disabilities often have associated impairments like cerebral palsy or a sensory disorder.
answer
d. Children with intellectual disabilities often have associated impairments like cerebral palsy or a sensory disorder.
question
151. A group of English individuals with intellectual disabilities who participated in a long-term study are referred to as the a. Camberwell Cohort. b. Termites. c. Gang of Six. d. Flynn Family.
answer
a. Camberwell
question
152. It was found that when they were in their 40s, _____ of the Camberwell Cohort lived with their families. a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%
answer
a. 25%
question
155. The primary way gifted children can be identified at an early age is by their a. advanced language skills. b. good social interaction skills. c. high level of motor activity. d. lack of motivation to act due to a fear of perfectionism
answer
a. advanced language skills.
question
160. The "g" in Spearman's twofactor theory of intelligence stands for genius. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
162. IQ = CA/MA*100. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
164. Gardner's list of multiple intelligences included both musical intelligence and artistic intelligence. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
165. Sternberg's practical component defines intelligence differently depending on the sociocultural context in which it is displayed. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
166. According to Sternberg, an individual high in successful intelligence is strong in practical, creative, and analytical areas. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
167. Convergent thinking involves finding the one "best answer" to a problem. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
168. Ideational fluency is measured by the shear number of different answers an individual can generate. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
169. The Bayley DQ score does a good job of predicting later school grades. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
170. Children whose IQ scores fluctuate tend to come from unstable home environments. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
171. IQ scores in high school are very good predictors of college grades. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
172. The average IQ of workers increases as the prestige of the occupation increases. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
174. Very few older adults develop wisdom. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
question
175. In the field of psychology, as in many fields, creative production tends to peak in the mid 50s. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
176. The Flynn effect states that racial differences in IQ scores are likely due to genetic differences. a. True b. False
answer
b. False
question
177. A stimulating home environment is one of the best predictors of a child having a high IQ. a. True b. False
answer
a. True
