Descriptive Statistics Essay Example

(Millions of Dollars) FINAL STANDING IN DIVISION table below presents surprising findings regarding player salaries and their division standings:

< tr >
td >Philadelphia Phillies< / td >
t d >$96< / td >
td >2 nd< / tr ><

< tr >
td > Florida Marin< / td >
td > $60< /t d >

< tr >< t d >Washington< /t d >
t d>$46>
t d>5 th and last< / tr>

The median salary for these five teams is $86K while their mean is $78K when central tendency and dispersion measures are calculated.

The range of standard deviation is between $46K and $101K, leading to the inquiry of whether a low-budget team can rival top players. This is highlighted by the New York Mets, who finished fourth in MLB Division Standings with the highest salary, and Washington Nationals, who came last with the lowest salary. Analyzing all 30 MLB teams' salaries reveals

that both mean and median are comparable at an average mean of $83K and a median of $85K. Therefore, it can be inferred that Major League Baseball's normal salary is around $84K.

Although spending over $90 million on payroll, with $22 million going to a player who missed half the season due to knee issues, the Giants' chances of winning a 5K race are difficult to predict. Numerous graphs and statistics demonstrate that higher salaries do not necessarily ensure success in winning games. For example, during the 2005 baseball season, despite having the highest payroll in the league, the New York Yankees only won 94 games while Boston's team, which had the second-highest payroll, secured 96 victories.

According to CBSSports in 2007, the Cleveland Indians won 96 games during a particular year despite being ranked 23rd out of the top 30 salaries in the league. It is worth noting that a team's wins per season do not necessarily depend on their payroll budget. Major League Baseball has no salary cap but has imposed a luxury tax, which has been paid by New York Yankees. Interestingly, despite paying this tax, the Yankees have not won a World Series for seven consecutive seasons while Los Angeles Angels - who rank fourth in payroll standings - missed the playoffs entirely in 2006 according to CBSSports. Both New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians achieved 94 wins during one baseball season; however, the former spent $129 million dollars more than the latter.

(Silver, 2007) The size of a franchise's payroll budget does not necessarily result in more wins, despite the potential for acquiring elite players. Highly paid athletes may have off-seasons where their

performance falls short. For example, the New York Yankees employ two of the highest paid players yet have the same number of wins as the Cleveland Indians who do not have any player within Major League Baseball's top 50 salaries (CBSSports, 2007). To determine the relationship between salary and win percentage accurately, relevant data will be investigated and analyzed in these research papers. The study will evaluate varying intervals during the 2005 Major League Baseball season to establish this correlation.

This paper will analyze the impact of various factors on the salary and capability of a player in producing wins. The research will focus on variables such as franchise wages, win percentage, offensive and defensive abilities, stamina and endurance, along with other factors like ticket prices, attendance, location, and salary caps. The study findings aim to investigate the association between salaries and winning by analyzing the impact of all variables under consideration.

The study aims to investigate the correlation between salaries of the highest and lowest paid franchises and their winning percentage utilizing scatterplots and linear regression. The performance and salary of the top 25 pitchers and hitters will also be analyzed using the interval measurement scale at different stages during the 162 regular Major League Baseball season. The study aims to determine whether high or low salary payroll franchises receive maximum returns on their investment. The analysis will provide evidence for the correlation between salaries and wins in a major league baseball season, along with discussing the need for salary caps to balance the playing field within the organization's economy.

Researching the influence of player skill level on their salary is crucial. While a team survey yielded

inconsistent perspectives on the correlation between earnings and winning, data revealed that teams with higher wages had more diverse players than those with lower pay. However, this did not guarantee a flawless season, indicating that individual talent can play a vital role in achieving success. The New York Yankees exemplify this as they possessed several valuable members who contributed to their triumph due to having the highest payroll in Major League Baseball in 2005.

Based on the 2005 records from Baseball Almanac, Alex Rodriguez, Jason Giambi, Derek Jeter, Jorge Posada, and Hideki Matsui were part of the top 25 players in offensive statistics with a season winning percentage of 586. Conversely, the Tampa Bay Devil Rays had the smallest payroll among all Major League Baseball teams during that year and their players seldom achieved high rankings in either offense or defense.

In 2005, the .414 winning percentages for a season were attributed by Baseball Almanac to a lack of unity among players and teams. However, in 2007, Koehler's research proposed that player quality may impact the amount of games won, but salaries may not accurately reflect this correlation.

Team performance during a season is significantly impacted by the caliber of players. The inquiry arises as to whether there exists a correlation between player quality and their salaries. A survey was administered among non-traditional college students from various backgrounds to investigate this matter. Although each student possesses distinctive interests and viewpoints, they share an academic passion. These surveyed students are established in their professions, exhibit maturity in responsibility, and aspire to professional growth.

To put it differently, the poll participants are expected to have a career path with upward mobility.

Despite the homogeneity of the sample, there is diversity of opinion among the group, especially as the survey topic revolves around professional baseball, a recreational activity with a varied audience. Certain respondents were avid supporters of MLB while others had minimal interest. It is tough to gauge salaries versus wins when there are 30 baseball teams dispersed across the US in a limited sample.

To avoid bias, it is recommended that surveys should not be limited to a small group of non-traditional students with similar interests. It is important to conduct a thorough examination to determine the extent of this bias. For example, investigating whether career professionals attend professional sporting events more frequently than the general public would provide valuable insights. To improve data analysis, it is proposed that a larger sample size consisting of individuals with diverse interests should be utilized.

To prevent data bias, it is beneficial to involve individuals who are not solely invested in career advancement, such as retirees and teenagers with evolving opinions on sports events and steroid use. Countering the impact of special interests can be achieved by utilizing a larger sample size that encompasses various age groups, education levels, genders, income brackets and sports knowledge levels. There has been extensive debate surrounding whether player salaries affect baseball player rankings due to significant differences between teams' salaries; for instance, the New York Yankees' salary is the highest at $189,639,045 while the Tampa Bay Devils' salary sits at the lowest with $24,123,500.

The salaries of the top 30 MLB teams are listed below in descending order, along with their corresponding values in millions of dollars. The New York Yankees are first with $189,639,045

followed by the Boston Red Sox with $143,026,214 and the New York Mets with $115,231,663. The Los Angeles Angels come in fourth place with $109,251,333 while the Chicago White Sox take fifth place with $108,671,833. The Los Angeles Dodgers have a salary of $108,
454,
524 and the Seattle Mariners follow closely behind at $106,
460,
833. The Chicago Cubs have a salary of $99,
670,
332 while the Detroit Tigers have a salary of $95,
180,
369 and the Baltimore Orioles have a salary of 93,< br >554 ,< br >808.
< br >St. Louis Cardinals come in at eleventh place with a salary of $90.286823 followed by the San Francisco Giants at twelfth place with a salary of $90.219056 and then Philadelphia Phillies at thirteenth place with a salary of $89.428213; Houston Astros at fourteenth place having a value worth 87 million dollars; Atlanta Braves at fifteenth place having earned around 87 million dollars as well; Toronto Blue Jays being sixteenth on this list had acquired about 81 million dollars which is quite significant compared to others down below them; Oakland Athletics had an amount close to that but not enough to surpass them so they're seventeenth here earning just over 79 million bucks whereas Minnesota Twins ranked eighteenth earn about 71 million dollars and Milwaukee Brewers came next earning nearly 71 million as well.       ​Cincinnati Reds ranked twentieth acquiring 68 million dollars and Texas Rangers are another team that has earned the same amount. Kansas City Royals ranked twenty-second with a total salary of $67, 116, 500 while Cleveland Indians come in at number twenty-three with a salary of $61,& nbsp;673,& nbsp;267 . The San Diego Padres had a salary worth about

$58, 110, 567 which is lower than Colorado Rockies who have around 54 million dollars in their account. Arizona Diamondbacks come next having earned about 52,​067,​546, followed by the Pittsburgh Pirates earning just over 38 million dollars. Washington Nationals have acquired approximately $37,347,500 whereas Florida Marlins have received around $30,507,000 and finally Tampa Bay Devil Rays close up this list earning only around $24,$123 ,< br > 500.      
Although there is no mode due to the lack of repeating salary values across teams, the median salary for all 30 teams is around 66.19 million dollars with only a slight deviation from the mean value.Please note: The average salary across all MLB teams cannot be considered a trustworthy metric because of the significant disparity between the highest and lowest payroll amounts.

There is significant disparity among MLB teams in terms of salaries. The New York Yankees have a payroll of $208.3 million, while the Tampa Bay team's payroll is only $29.7 million. As a result, the mean value is skewed positively since the Yankees' payroll is almost double that of the Boston Red Sox, who have the next highest payroll. This skew value amounts to $2.

Even though the figure of 17 million might seem unimportant, excluding just the top-earning team from the data causes a significant shift in skewness worth $0.1 million. It is crucial to note that the standard deviation for all Major League Baseball (MLB) teams is $34.23 million; nevertheless, eliminating only the New York Yankees would lead to a reduction in this amount to $23.19 million - a noticeable difference when leaving out just one team.

The typical median salary for MLB teams is determined by averaging

the two central values on the salary table, resulting in a current amount of $66.19 million. Nevertheless, the five MLB teams with the largest payrolls have a median salary of $125.26 million.

Statistical data indicates that there was no correlation between payroll and number of wins in the 2005 baseball season. Notably, all teams had an average of 81 wins. However, the top five highest-paid teams averaged 91 wins while the top five most successful teams achieved an average of 96.8 wins regardless of their salary level. The Chicago White Sox are a prime example as they ranked 13th in payroll but obtained the second-highest number of total wins.

In 2005, the mean salary in Major League Baseball was 73.06356327 million, with a standard error of 6.250239255. The median salary was 66.1914165 million and the mode was #N/A. The standard deviation was 34.2339703 and the sample variance was 1171.

For the given data, the kurtosis is 7, the skewness is 2.174257307, the range is 178, and the minimum value is 29.

The data set for Major League Baseball wins in 2005 includes 30 counts with a maximum of 208 and a sum of 2191. The mean is 81 with a standard error of 1.978040363, while the median is also 81 and the mode is 95. The sample variance is 117 with a standard deviation of 10.83417327.

Kurtosis is 3793103 and Skewness is -0.438682506, with a Range of 44, a Minimum of 56, a Maximum of 100, Sum of 2430 and Count of 30. The Salary Bin is at 29.679067 with a frequency of 1 and a Salary Frequency of 65.

404617 14 101. 130167 12 136.

855717 2 172. 581267 0 More

1 Win

Bin Win Frequency

56 1

64.8 0

73.

6 7 82. 4 9 91. 2 7 More 6 The descriptive statistics analysis indicates that the salary had a standard deviation of 34.23 million, while wins had a standard deviation of 10.

After analyzing relevant data, it was concluded that major league baseball salaries have a positive skew and wins have a negative skew. However, there is not enough evidence to prove a correlation between salaries and wins. For salary information regarding this league, please refer to the chart below.

The results of a recent survey, although limited in scope, suggest that many individuals believe professional baseball players earn comparable salaries to those in other sports. In addition, some respondents view these athletes as being overpaid for their profession. The accompanying graphic demonstrates that the participants feel that higher salaries lead to more wins in baseball games. This data

was obtained from a class survey conducted earlier this week and is presented in tabular format below:

A survey was carried out with 19 participants to investigate salary concerns in Major League Baseball. The results are presented in the chart below. It shows that four respondents said "Yes" and one responded positively when asked if MLB players were paid as much as athletes from other sports. Additionally, three participants were unsure of the matter.

Regarding the statement that MLB players are overpaid, five respondents disagreed while three had no opinion. With regards to salaries leading to more wins, four participants agreed, whereas three disagreed and one was uncertain.

Despite the small number of respondents, all relevant information collected during the survey has been provided by the research team. While there may be different methods for collecting data such as observations or case studies, questionnaires continue to be widely used methodologically.

Despite the time-intensive process of preparing a survey for data collection, there are numerous advantages to using this method. It allows for reaching a large number of individuals through various means like mail, fax, or email while keeping costs low and avoiding bias from the surveyor. Although ethical implications do arise with this approach, they are minor. During data collection, surveyors must be careful not to offend respondents and respect their right to make independent choices.

The main objective of the survey was to evaluate the respondents' comprehension and familiarity with Major League Baseball, along with their understanding of its processes. The team utilized this data for the purpose of interpretation and analysis. The survey featured questions that permitted both simple and detailed responses depending on individual preference.

It's challenging

to determine the amount of consideration individuals give to a query when they are only provided with simple choices and cannot elaborate. To investigate whether salaries and wins have a direct connection, the survey was administered along with other relevant data. The research team ensured that examining this relationship would be both informative and enjoyable for all participants. Upon analyzing all pertinent information from the 2005 Major League Baseball season, it was concluded that there is no direct association between salaries and wins.

The Team conducted research and discovered that the number of quality players on a team correlates with the number of wins in a season. They require further analysis to determine the total quantity of quality players and their combined earnings. To investigate this correlation, they used the Team C Questionnaire specifically designed for Major League Baseball. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding game attendance, preferred atmosphere, player salaries, team rankings, steroid use impact on attendance/viewership and interest in watching games during losing seasons. Additionally, they asked whether higher salary players generate more wins and which aspects of MLB games are enjoyed most/least by fans. The questionnaire also explored opinions on whether MLB seasons are too long or if there should be a salary cap imposed as well as thoughts on the designated hitter rule. Relevant sources included Baseball Almanac's "Year in Review: Year-by-Year Baseball History" from 2005 (accessible as of December 22, 2007 at HYPERLINK "http://www.baseball-almanac.com").

The official website of Major League Baseball, http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearmenu.shtml, offers comprehensive information about the sport. One of its articles, "Players stand firm on CBA issues" written by Barry Bloom in 2002, can also be found at the same URL.

The article was retrieved on December 21, 2007.

The following HTML code refers to an article on MLB's website, specifically on the news section. The article was published on May 30th, 2002 and has a unique content ID of 37354. Additionally, the URL includes a specific section identifier (vkey=news_mlb) and file extension code (fext=.jsp), while the company ID is null.

Retrieve MLB team payrolls for news and information on salaries using the following JSP link:

CBSSports MLB: MLB Salaries. Team Payrolls

Source: CBSSports (2007, December 20). Retrieved December 21, 2007, from HYPERLINK "http://www.sportsline.

The HTML tag

contains a link to the website "http://www.sportsline.com/mlb/salaries" and information about an article titled "Does Baseball need a salary cap?" by Neil deMause on ESPN Page 2. The link and article information were retrieved on December 21, 2007 from the website "http://sports.espn.com".The URL for the ESPN page titled "Between the Numbers/Salary Cap" can be found at http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=betweenthenumbers/salarycap/060405.

On December 22, 2007, Ben Fry's 2005 study on the correlation between salary and performance for American baseball teams over a season as seen on http://benfry.com/salaryper/index.html can be found at com/espn/page2/story?page=betweenthenumbers/salarycap/060405

The citation for the Sports Illustrated players poll conducted in July 2007 is provided below, including the full reference: Kennedy, K., Bechtel, M., & Cannella, S. (2007, July). SI Players Poll. Sports Illustrated, 107(3).

The information comes from the EbscoHost Academic Search Premier Database and refers to two sources. The first is an article by B. Nightinale, published in USA Today in December 2007, discussing how baseball teams with lower budgets are using their payroll flexibility. The second source is a writer named S. Powers whose work can also be found in the same EbscoHost

Academic Search Premier Database. Both sources were retrieved from the database, with one on December 22, 2007 and the other on December 21, 2007.The information source titled "Sacks of cash" was published in the October 2006 issue of Business 2.0, specifically in volume 7, issue 9. This source can be accessed through the EbscoHost MasterFILE Premier Database and was retrieved on December 22, 2007.

In 2007, two pieces of content were accessed. One was Brian Sherson's "Baseball Salaries and Winning" WebQuery from HYPERLINK "http://www.cwu.edu/~shersonb/webqueries/mlbsalaries/" on December 22nd. The other was a piece by Silver Nate on October 31st.

On the website of Baseball Prospectus, there is data about Wins Budget, Dodgers, and A-Rod. The information was published on December 21, 2007 and can be accessed through http://www.baseballprospectus.com/unfiltered/index.php?s=payroll+budget;submit=Search+Unfiltered.

On December 22, 2007, Paul Smith Jr.'s article titled "Gazizza: Baseball Payrolls and Wins" can be accessed by clicking on the hyperlink "http://www.com/unfiltered/index.php?s=payroll+budget&submit=Search+Unfiltered".The website gazizza.net provides a link to an article titled "Baseball Payrolls and Wins" at gazizza.net/2007/05/baseball_payrolls_and_wins.htm.The Descriptive Statistics for "baseball_payrolls_and_wins.htm" can be found on PAGE 3 of the website "net/2007/05".