Dental Hand Instruments
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Hand Instruments are Identified/ Referred By:
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Name and Number, (DDS typically refers to pliers and forceps by number rather than name)
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Does the DDS typically refer to pliers and forceps by their number or by their name?
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Number for pliers and forceps
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portion of instrument where operator grasps?
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Handle
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part of instrument between handle and working end?
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Shank
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portion of instrument designed for a specific function?
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Working End
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Name the different working ends of a dental hand instrument?
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Point, Blade, Nib, Smooth, Serrated
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how many working ends can an instrument have?
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one or two can be single or double ended
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what are mirror image working ends referred to as?
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left and right instruments they are reverse angles of each other
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What does the blacks instrument formula 1st number idenitfy?
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identifies width of blade in tenths of mm. so 10 = 1mm of width 25=2.5 mm etc...
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an instrument that has a first number of 7 means?
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the instrument is .7mm wide
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What does the blacks instrument formula 2nd number idenitfy?
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identifies length of blade in exact mm so 7=7mm etc
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an instrument that has a first number of 7 means?
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the instrument is .7mm long
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What does the blacks instrument formula 3rd number idenitfy?
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Identifies angle of blade in relation to the handle
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what do the numbers on the handle of a three numbered instrument indicate and in what order?
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1st #- width of blade 2nd #- length of blade 3rd#- angle of blade
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what do the numbers on the handle of a four numbered instrument indicate and in what order?
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1st #- width of blade *2nd #- Angle of cutting edge of blade in relationship to handle 3rd#- Length of blade 4th #- angle of blade from long axis of shaft
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what are the kinds of instruments used in restorative procedures?
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Examination instruments, Hand cutting instruments, Restorative Instruments, Accessory instruments
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What kind of instruments are used to allow the operator to examine the health status of the oral cavity?
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Examination Instruments
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What kind of instruments are used to remove decay, smooth, finish and prepare the tooth?
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Hand Cutting Instruments
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What kind of instruments are used to place, condense and carve the tooth surfaces?
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Restorative Instruments
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What kind of instruments are put in a category of miscellaneous?
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Accessory instruments
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How should instruments on a tray be set up?
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Set up from left to right based on how instruments are used
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The clinical assistant uses what hand when transferring?
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left hand
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Are the most frequently used instruments closer or further from the DDS?
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Closer to the dentist
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What Is the function of a mouth mirror?
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Provides indirect vision, Retracts lips, cheek, tongue, reflects light into mouth, used for tissue protection
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what are the most common mouth mirror sizes used?
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no. 4 and no. 5
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are mouth mirrors single or double ended?
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single ended
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what is the function of an explorer?
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Examines teeth for decay (caries),calculus, furcations or other abnormalities multifuctional; included in setup for every proceudre
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what instrument is multifuctional and included in setup for every proceudre?
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explorer
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describe the explorers tip is it nibbed or pointed?
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pointed thin and flexible working end tip
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are explorers single or double ended?
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both single and double ended
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what is the difference between an explorer and a carver?
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Explorer has a point and carver has a cutting edge
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what are the different types of explorers?
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#1=Orban, #2=Pigtail, #3=Shepards Hook
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Do explorers have a variety of sizes and types?
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yes!
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What are cotton pliers also called?
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Cotton forceps, or college pliers
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what is the function of the cotton pliers?
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to grasp and or transfer material in and out of the oral cavity.
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can cotton pliers have plain or serrated tips?
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Yes!!
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What are the two types of handles that cotton pliers have?
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Nonlocking-handles must be held closed Locking- Handles can be locked
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what are the mouth mirror, explorer, and cotton pliers collectively called?
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Basic Setup
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List what instruments make up the basic setup?
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mouth mirror, explorer and cotton pliers
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when is the basic setup set out?
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For every procedure
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What is transferred with the mouth mirror to the dentist?
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the explorer
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What is transferred with the explorer to the dentist?
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the mouth mirror
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measures the sulcus?
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Periodontal Probe
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periodontal probes have what kind of ends?
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flat or rounded ends
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the periodontal probes mm increment markings vary between?
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color coded and plain indentations
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A periodontal probe is commonly double ended with a probe on one end and what on the other?
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an explorer(expor)
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What type of instruments manually remove decay?
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Hand Cutting Instruments
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what are the functions of hand cutting instruments?
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Manually remove decay Smooth cavity walls and floors for preparation Place Bevels or retention grooves (aids in holding restorative material in tooth)
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what is a type of excavator commonly used?
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Spoon Excavator
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what are the functions of a spoon excavator?
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Removes temporary crowns Removes temporary cement Removes permanent crown during try in
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Does the spoon excavator have a cutting edge?
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Yes!
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is the spoon excavator only one size or does it have different size spoons?
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comes in a variety of sizes ranging from very small to very large
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may the spoon excavator be double or single ended?
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yes!
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What is a hoe used for?
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To place, clean, and smooth floor and walls in a cavity prep or to form line angles in a cavity prep
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does the hoe have a cutting edge?
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Yes!
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what does the hoe resemble?
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looks like a garden tool
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what motion is the hoe used in?
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a push pull motion
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what is the relation ship to the cutting edge or blade of a how compared to the handle?
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the cutting edge or blade is almost perpendicular to the handle?
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What is a chisel used for?
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Used to cut enamel margin of a tooth prep forms sharp lines and point angles places retention grooves
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can the chisels shank be straight or angled?
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Yes! the chisel may have a straight or angled shank
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what is the chisels cutting edge like?
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the chisel has a single beveled cutting edge
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list common types of chisels?
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straight chisels Bin-angle chisel Wedelstaedt Angle-Former Chisel
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what type of instrument is a Wedelstaedt?
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A chisel
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What does an off angle hatchet look like?
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Looks like regular hatchet but twisted
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what does a hatchet resemble?
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wood hatchet
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what is the relation ship to the cutting edge or blade of a hatchet compared to the handle?
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the cutting edge of a hatchet is parallel with long axis of the handle
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What is a hatchet used for?
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used to cut enamel smooth walls and floor of a prep
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what is the type of chisel that has been modified so that the blade is slightly curved mesially or distally for access into the prep?
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Gingival Margin Trimmer
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What is a gingival margin trimmer used for?
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Cuts enamel places bevel along the gingival margins
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what does a gingival margin trimmer look like?
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type of chisel that has been modified so that the blade is slightly curved mesially or distally for access into the prep
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What are restorative instruments used for?
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used to place, carve, condense, the restorative material back to the normal anatomy of the tooth
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what kind of instruments are used to place, carve, and condense material back to the normal anatomy of the tooth
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Restorative Instruments
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restorative instruments are used in a specific sequence according to?
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the dentists preference
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list the examination instruments?
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Mirror, explorer, cotton forceps, periodontal probe, Articulating paper holder, Articulating paper
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list the Hand Cutting instruments?
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Excavators, Hoe, Chisel, Hatchet, Gingival Margin Trimmer
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list the restorative instruments?
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Amalgam Carrier, condensor, Burnisher, carvers
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list the composite restoration instruments?
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PFI (Woodson),
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list the Accessory instruments?
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Flexible mixing spatula, Crown and bridge scissors, Amalgam Well and Dappen DIsh,
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what is an amalgam carrier used for?
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To carry and dispense amalgam into the prepared tooth
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what type of instrument is used to carry and dispense amalgam into the prepared tooth?
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amalgam carrier
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who places the amalgam into the tooth?
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The DDS or the DA
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can an amalgam carrier be single or double ended?
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Yes!
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how will amalgam stick in a carrier?
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If not released immediately after dispensing is completed
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is an amalgam carrier single or double ended?
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Both
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what is another name for a condensor?
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plugger
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what is another name for a plugger?
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condensor
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what is the function of a condensor?
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to pack and condense (pack down) amalgam into cavity prep
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what is used to pack down amalgam into a cavity prep?
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Condensor (plugger)
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condensor ends may be?
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smooth or serrated
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what is the function of a Burnisher?
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Smooths freshly placed amalgam after condensing to contour matrix band before placement initiate carving of amalgam burnishes other restorative materials
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what is used to smooth freshly placed amalgam after condensing?
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A burnisher
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does a burnisher have a smooth or serrated working end or both?
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Has a smooth working end because used to Smooth freshly placed amalgam
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is a burnisher single or double ended?
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both!
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list some common burnishers?
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T-ball burnisher Football Burnisher Ball burnisher Acorn Burnisher Beavertail Burnisher
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Is a T-Ball burnisher single or double ended?
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Single ended
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what burnisher is used to invert a dental dam?
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Beavertail Burnisher
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What is the function of a beavertail burnisher?
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Inverts a dental dam
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what can be used to initiate carving of the amalgam restoration?
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A Burnisher
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what are the characteristics of a dental carver?
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has a sharp edge used to carve anatomy Single or double ended Carves other restorative materials has many styles
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Do carvers have on shape?
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no has many styles!
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List some common carvers?
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Hollenback carver, Tanner Carver, Discloid-cleoid carver, and Amalgam/Gold Knife
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where is the hollenback carver used?
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interproximally
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what do the ends of a hollenback carver look like?
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each end protrudes at a different angle
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on most carvers each end is?
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shaped differently
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where is an amalgam gold knife used?
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used interproximally to restore contour of proximal walls
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what is an amalgam gold knife also called?
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Interproximal Knife
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does the amalgam gold knife have many designs or only one?
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many designs
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What kind of instruments are used specifically for placement of composite?
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Composite restoration instruments
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what are composite restoration instruments made from?
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anodized aluminum or teflon
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why cant stainless steel instruments be used on composites?
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Stainless steel discolors composites
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can Stainless steel be used on composites?
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No! discolores composites
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Can Stainless steel be used on amalgam?
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Yes!
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what is a PFI Or woodsen instrument?
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Has A beavertail (paddle) on one end and a plugger on the other end (NIb)
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what does PFI stand for?
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Plastic filling instrument
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what is a PFI or woodson made out of?
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plastic or stainless steel
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must all accessory instruments be kept on the tray for procedures?
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No they are not necessarily on tray and may be pulled from a cabinet or tub. (follow infection control rules)
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what is the function of a flexible mixing spatula?
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used to mix dental materials
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what is used to mix dental materials?
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a flexible mixing spatula
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can a a flexible mixing spatula be metal to allow proper manipulation?
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YES!
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Which scissors have a thicker beak Iris or Crown and Bridge Scissors?
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Crown and Bridge Scissors
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What are crown and bridge scissors used for?
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Cutting dental dam material, Cutting retraction cord, trimming temporary crowns, trimming
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Are the edges of crown and bridge trimming scissors straight or curved?
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both! can be straight and can be curved
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what is the function of an amalgam well and dappen dish?
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Holds newly mixed amalgam
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Are amalgam well and dappen dishes made of plastic, metal or glass?
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all three may be plastic, metal or glass
