Cummings study guide- chemical bonding – Flashcards
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what is a compound?
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a pure substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined
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name 3 familiar compounds
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vinegar, water, table salt
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what are 3 physical properties used to identify compounds?
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melting point, density, color
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what is chemical bonding?
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the joining of atoms to form a new substance
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chemical bonds form when, _______ are shared, lost or gained.
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valence electrons
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how many electrons can the first energy level hold?
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2
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how can you tell how many electrons are in an atom of an element?
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the atomic number
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which electrons are used to form bonds?
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valence electrons
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why do some atoms rarely bond?
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some substances already have a full outer- level shell
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how many valence electrons are in the following elements Casium ____, radium______, tin_______, radon_____
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1, 2, 4, 8
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how are ions formed?
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gaining or losing an electron
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what is an ionic bond?
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a bond that forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, which results in a positive ion and negative ion
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atoms of group ____ elements give off the most energy wen they gain an electron
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17
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what ending is used for the names of negative ions?
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ide
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when ions bond, they form a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a ______
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crystal lattice
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list 3 properties of ionic compounds within a crystal lattice.
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brittleness, high melting point, and high boiling points
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how are covalent bonds formed?
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bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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what type of materials form covalent bonds?
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nonmetals
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what are diatomic molecules?
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molecules made up of two atoms of the same element
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what is the same within a group on the periodic table?
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they have the same number of valence electrons
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what is the change of an ion that has lost 2 electrons write the ions symbol
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2 +
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what are 3 properties of ionic compounds
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brittleness, high melting points, and high boiling points
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list 3 types of properties of metals that are the result of metallic bonds
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ductile, shiny, conductors
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how many dots does an electron-dot diagram of sulfur have?
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6
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describe how the valence electrons in a metal move
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swim freely through the metal to conduct electrical/ heat so the metal will not be brittle or break
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what is a metallic bond?
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a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged ions the electrons around them
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make electron-dot diagrams of; krypton, indium, potassium, tellurium, tellurium, and astatine
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kr: 8, in: 3, k:1, te:6, at:7
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what do metal atoms form when they lose valence electrons?
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positive ions
