Cultural Anthropology Test 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
4 Major Subfields of Anthropology
answer
archaeological, linguistic, cultural, biological/physical
question
Archaeological Anthropology
answer
the study of material remains to study human behavior
question
Linguistic Anthropology
answer
the study of human language
question
Biological/ Physical Anthropology
answer
the systematic study of humans as biological organisms
question
Cultural Anthropology
answer
the study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought, and feelings
question
Ethnography
answer
detailed account of particular culture; based on participant observation fieldwork
question
Ethnology
answer
cross cultural study
question
Anthropology Phase 1
answer
Classificatory/ Descriptive Period
question
Morgan and Tylor
answer
unilinear evolution
question
Unilinear Evolution
answer
idea that societies evolved on a common track from simple to complex
question
Franz Boas
answer
father of cultural anthropology; historical particularism
question
Historical Particularism
answer
looking at each culture in its own terms; considers the history of each culture and how it developed
question
Anthropology Phase 2
answer
Modernism; structuralism
question
Brown
answer
structural-functionalism
question
Structural Functionalism
answer
everything in society works to serve a specific purpose but in society, everything works together; contrast to Marxism
question
Malinowski
answer
Functionalism and Economic Anthropology; studied men's wealth exchange of kula ring; first participant observation fieldwork
question
Functionalism
answer
Everything people do they do to satisfy a basic human need
question
Strauss
answer
Structuralism
question
Structuralism
answer
the mind constructs everything in binary oppositions
question
Anthropology Phase 3
answer
postmodern; relativistic period
question
Processes of Evolution
answer
divergent, parallel, convergent
question
Ancestor Development
answer
Homo habilis → homo erectus → homo neanderthalensis → homo sapiens
question
Emic Perspective
answer
story told from people being studied
question
Etic Perspective
answer
story told from the observer/ outsider
question
Glottochronology
answer
historical linguistics; suggests that suggests that core vocabularies change 14-19% every 1,000 years
question
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
answer
language influences the way we think/ see the world
question
Enculturation
answer
transmission of a society's culture from one generation to the next; learning one's own culture
question
Acculturation
answer
forced, such as a lower group being forced to learn the ways of a dominant culture
question
Nurture
answer
tabula rasa; John Locke; society shapes us
question
Nature
answer
Phineas Gage; biology shapes us
question
Sex
answer
is biological
question
Gender
answer
is cultural
question
Sahlins and Borshay Lee
answer
Zen Road to affluence
question
Zen Road
answer
achieves affluence by desiring little; !Kung San
question
Galbraithean Road
answer
achieves affluence by producing much; Western society
question
Factors of Production
answer
land, labor, technology
question
4 Types of Subsistence
answer
Horticulturalists, Pastoralists, Agriculturalists, Foragers
question
Horticulturalists
answer
cultivation of crops using hand tools such as digging sticks or hoestropical locations; small groups; closed corporate communities; complementary gender divisions
question
Pastoralists
answer
mountainous, infertile locations; larger groups; hierarchical gender division
question
Agriculturalists
answer
plant cultivation by continuous engagement of land and labor and use of technology; modern developed locations; immobile; strict gender division
question
Foragers
answer
everyone has right to everything; egalitarian gender division; small groups
question
Modes of Exchange
answer
reciprocity, redistribution, market
question
Conspicuous Consumption
answer
maintain superiority through a display of material wealth
question
Modes of Reciprocity
answer
generalized, balanced, negative
question
Informal Economy
answer
market not regulated by government; illegal drugs, babysitting, housekeeping
question
Prestige Economy
answer
status gained through massive displays of generosity; Potlatch
question
Substantivists
answer
Polyani and Sahlins; economies get their meanings from surrounding culture; Western economic models are not universal
question
Formalists
answer
Schneider; all people desire to maximize their gains; Western models are universal
question
Weiner
answer
women's wealth in Trobriand society; studied banana leaf bundles and yam exchange
question
Affinal
answer
of marriage
question
Patrilateral
answer
of father
question
Matrilineal
answer
of mother
question
Avunculocal
answer
husbands live with mother's brothers; occurs after marriage in Trobriand society
question
Consanguineal
answer
of blood
question
Men produce yams FOR
answer
own matrilineage and sister's husband
question
Men receive yams FROM
answer
wife's brothers (affinal)
question
Trobriand Engagement
answer
couple receives yams from wife's family at husband's house
question
Trobriand Trial Period
answer
couple eats yams from husband's family
question
Duties of Owners
answer
must distribute wealth
question
Duties of Workers
answer
must give service (mourning, grave preparation, body painting, etc.)
