question

in the early 1980s, things began to change. _____ were invented and computer use increased dramatically

answer

microcomputers

question

a growing number of college campuses have wireless ____ on campus that allow students to use their PCs to connect wirelessly to the college network and the Internet from anywhere on campus.

answer

hotspots

question

The computer is used extensively for access control at many organizations, such as ____ that allow individuals to enter the office building, punch in or out of work, or access the company network by providing the proper credentials or being authenticated via a fingerprint or hand scan.

answer

authentication systems

question

Hollerith's machine was used to process the 1890 U.S. Census data and was able to complete teh task in ____, instead of the decade it usually took to process the data by hand.

answer

two and a half years

question

Integrated circuits incorporate many transistors and electronic circuits on a single tiny silicon chip, allowing ____ ____ _____ to be even smaller and more reliable than earlier computers.

answer

third-generation computers

question

common input devices include the keyboard and

answer

mouse

question

two of the most common types of communications hardware are___and network adapters.

answer

modems

question

the term refers to the programs or instructions used to tell the computer what to do.

answer

software

question

the windows____ shown in the figure above contains the following objects: Windows, Icons, Menus, Toolbars, Taskbar, Hyperlinks, Sizing buttons, and a Dialog box.

answer

desktop

question

consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer, such as creating letters, preparing budgets, and managing inventory.

answer

application software

question

a personal computer (PC) or ____ is a small computer system designed to be used by one person at a time.

answer

microcomputer

question

most notebooks follow the trditional____design in which the monitor is on the inside top half of the PC, and the keyboard and touch pad are on the inside bottom half.

answer

clamshell

question

ultra-mobile PCs are also called

answer

handheld computers

question

A_____ is a collection of hardware and other devices that are connected together so that users can share hardware, software, and data, as well as electronically communicate with each other.

answer

a computer network

question

to contact people cusing the Internet, you most often use their_______

answer

e-mail addresses

question

there are a number of special Web pages, called_____, avaiable to help you locate what you are looking for on the Internet.

answer

search sites

question

is typically free and provided by virtually all ISPs used with personal computers

answer

Web-based e-mail

question

Sarah is a very active real estate agent. She is looking to purchase a new computer and software so she can keep track of her client's accounts, access the Internet from anywhere in the city, and touch-up photos of real estate properties. Sarah needs to store digital photographs of houses she is previewing. She needs to be able to copy these to the computer at her office. What type of storage device should she use?

answer

USB flash drive

question

Sarah is a very active real estate agent. She is looking to purchase a new computer and software so she can keep track of her client's accounts, access the Internet from anywhere in the city, and touch-up photos of real estate properties. Sarah has hired a programmer to create a Web page for her business. What type of programming language will the programmer use?

answer

XHTML

question

Sarah....What kind of computer would most likely fit Sarah's needs?

answer

notebook

question

The documents waiting to be printed are said to be in a(n) _________, which designates the order the documents will be printed.

answer

print queue

question

Most operating systems today use a text-based user interface.

answer

false

question

All Programs and data located in RAM are divided into fixed-length pages or variable-length files.

answer

false

question

In DOS, the command ____ displays the files and folders in the current location.

answer

DIR

question

One of the most obvious initial changes in Windows Vista is the ____ interface.

answer

Aero

question

Although _____originally used a command line interface, most recent versions of _____ programs use a graphical user interface.

answer

Linux

question

There have been many different versions of the ____________ operating system over the last several years.

answer

Microsoft Windows

question

Uninstall utilities are designed to delete temporary files (such as deleted files still in the Recycle Bin, temporary Internet files, installation files, and so forth) in order to free up disk space.

answer

false

question

If a _______file is deleted, becomes corrupted, or has a conflict with another piece of software, then the device will no longer work.

answer

device driver

question

Commercial Linux distributions, such as those available from ____ and Novell, come with maintenance and support materials.

answer

RedHat?

question

The means by which an operating system or any other program interacts with the user is called the ____.

answer

user interface

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 5-1 Janet is studying operating systems as part of her Understanding Computers 101 class. After learning about the different types of operating systems, she realizes that she uses a number of them in her daily life. All the computers in Janet's school computer lab have the newest version of Windows installed and her phone has the newest windows, which is ____.

answer

windows 7

question

____ software consists of the _______ system and utility programs that control a computer system and allow you to use your computer.

answer

system; operating;

question

_________ programs diagnose and repair problems related to your hard drive.

answer

Dis Management

question

There is still a large installed base of Windows XP users and Microsoft plans to support Windows XP until _____.

answer

2014

question

The older DOS operating system and some versions of the UNIX and Linux operating systems use a(n) graphical user interface.

answer

false

question

Most operating systems today are designed for either 16-bit or 32-bit CPUs.

answer

false

question

____ are utility programs that search for documents and other files on a user's hard drives.

answer

search tools

question

An important task that the operating system performs is ____, which keeps track of the files stored on a computer so that they can be retrieved when needed.

answer

file management

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 5-1 Janet is studying operating systems as part of her Understanding Computers 101 class. After learning about the different types of operating systems, she realizes that she uses a number of them in her daily life. Janet has an Apple computer at home. The operating system of that computer is ____.

answer

mac OS

question

A ____ is a software program that is designed to cause damage to the computer system or perform some other malicious act.

answer

computer virus

question

Windows ___ was built from the ground up using a different kernel than the other versions of Windows.

answer

98

question

In practice, the difference between _____ and application software is not always clear cut.

answer

system

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 5-2 Dean has been using computers for some time now, but he is unfamiliar with a number of utility programs. In order to better maintain his computer, he decides to ask his coworker Andrea for advice on basic utility programs. Andrea tells Dean that he should periodically perform ____ on his computer to optimize the hard drive so that it works more efficiently. This process works by rearranging the data on the hard drive so all files are stored in contiguous locations.

answer

disk defragment

question

Most operating systems have security features available, such as an option to automatically download and install ____ from the operating system's manufacturer on a regular basis.

answer

not security walls. either device drivers or security patches

question

In general, the _______ system serves as an intermediary between the user and the computer.

answer

operating

question

Files and folders deleted from removable media cannot be restored by any method.

answer

false

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 5-2 Dean has been using computers for some time now, but he is unfamiliar with a number of utility programs. In order to better maintain his computer, he decides to ask his coworker Andrea for advice on basic utility programs. Andrea advises Dean to remove unnecessary programs from his computer by using a(n) ____ utility.

answer

uninstall

question

____ was originally developed in the late 1960s at AT Bell Laboratories as an operating system for midrange servers.

answer

UNIX

question

Large computer systems—such as high-end servers, ______, and supercomputers— sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of system.

answer

mainframe

question

____ refers to the ability of an operating system to work with more than one program at one time.

answer

multitasking

question

Once a ____ management program is open, you can look at the folders and files stored on your PC.

answer

file

question

There are two primary forms of DOS: ______ and MS-DOS.

answer

PC-DOS

question

Case 2-2 Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer. Since Jack has a Windows system, he can right-click a hard drive icon in Windows Explorer, select Properties, and then select the ____ option on the Tools tab to check that hard drive for errors.

answer

Check Now

question

A ____ is an electronic path over which data can travel.

answer

Bus

question

ASCII is the coding system traditionally used with personal computers.

answer

True

question

Some ____ must be added in pairs for optimal performance.

answer

Memory Modules

question

MIDI ports are used to receive wireless transmissions from devices.

answer

False

question

The term ____ refers to chip-based storage used by the computer.

answer

Memory

question

With bitmapped images, the color of each ____ is represented by bits; the more bits used, the better the image quality.

answer

Pixel

question

____ consists of nonvolatile memory chips that can be used for storage by the computer or the user.

answer

Flash Memory

question

Terascale computing is the ability of computers to process one ____ floating-point operations per second (teraflops).

answer

Trillion

question

Benchmark tests typically run the same series of programs on several computer systems that are identical except for one component (such as the CPU) and measure how long each task takes in order to determine the overall relative performance of the component being tested.

answer

True

question

Each pixel in a monochrome graphic can be only one of two possible colors (such as black or white).

answer

True

question

____ are small components typically made out of aluminum with fins that help to dissipate heat.

answer

Heat Sinks

question

Most computers today support the ____ standard, in which the computer automatically configures new devices as soon as they are installed and the PC is powered up.

answer

Plug and Play

question

The control unit takes the instructions fetched by the prefetch unit and translates them into a form that can be understood by the control unit, ALU, and FPU.

answer

False

question

The "system unit" is the main case of a computer.

answer

True

question

Case 2-2 Jack has a computer at home that he uses to access the Internet, store and edit personal photos, and create and edit documents. Recently, he has come to realize that in order to keep the computer performing at its best, he needs to carry out regular system maintenance on the computer. Jack can speed up his computer by scanning it for viruses and ____.

answer

Spyware

question

Cache memory today is usually "external" cache.

answer

False; internal

question

The backside bus (BSB) has been one of the most common types of expansion buses in past years

answer

False

question

In order to synchronize all of a computer's operations, a ____—a small quartz crystal located on the motherboard—is used.

answer

System Clock

question

"Memory" refers to the amount of long-term storage available to a PC.

answer

False

question

A ____ is the smallest unit of data that a binary computer can recognize.

answer

Bit

question

A(n) ____ instruction might look like a meaningless string of 0s and 1s, but it actually represents specific operations and storage locations.

answer

machine language

question

The decode unit coordinates and controls the operations and activities taking place within the CPU.

answer

False

question

The "central processing unit (CPU)" consists of a variety of circuitry and components that are packaged together and connected directly to the motherboard.

answer

True

question

the satisfaction received from consumption; sense of well-being

answer

utility

question

a firm with a single owner who has the right to all profits but who also bears unlimited liability for the firm's losses and debts

answer

sole proprietorship

question

a firm with multiple owners who share the profits and bear unlimited liability for the firm's losses and debts

answer

partnership

question

a legal entity owned by stockholders whose liability is limited to the value of their stock ownership

answer

corporation

question

provides owners with limited liability, but profits are taxed only once

answer

s corporation

question

groups that do not pursue profit as a goal; they engage in charitable, educational, humanitarian, cultural, professional, or other activities, often with a social purpose

answer

not-for-profit organizations

question

a condition that arises when the unregulated operation of markets yields socially undesirable results

answer

market failure

question

prohibitions against price fixing and other anti-competitive practices

answer

antitrust laws

question

a cost or a benefit that affects neither the buyer or the seller, but instead affects the people not involved in the market transaction

answer

externality

question

the use of government purchases, transfer payments, taxes and borrowing to influence economy-wide variables

answer

fiscal policy

question

regulation of the money supply to influence economy-wide variables

answer

monetary policy

question

the distribution of tax burden among taxpayers; who ultimately pays the tax

answer

tax incidence

question

the tax as a percentage of income remains constant as income increases; also called flat tax

answer

proportional taxation

question

the tax as a percentage of income increases as income increases

answer

progressive taxation

question

the tax as a percentage of income decreases as income increases

answer

regressive taxation

question

the percentage of each additional dollar of income that goes to the tax

answer

marginal tax rate

question

the value during a given period of a country's exported goods minus the value of its imported goods

answer

merchandise trade balance

question

a record of all economic transactions during a given period between residents of one country and residents of the rest of the world

answer

balance of payments

question

foreign money needed to carry out international transactions

answer

foreign exchange

question

a tax on imports

answer

tariff

question

a legal limit on the quantity of a particular product that can be imported or exported

answer

quota

question

A(n) ____ is a flat, touch-sensitive device used in conjunction with a digital pen.

answer

graphics tablet

question

Scanners produce images through either impact or nonimpact technologies.

answer

False

question

A display device is the most common form of output device.

answer

true

question

Display devices are used to select and manipulate objects, to input certain types of data (such as handwritten data), and to issue commands to the computer.

answer

false

question

You can connect multiple monitors to a device using CRT cable.

answer

false

question

RFID tags need to be within line of sight of a reader.

answer

false

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 4-2 Lisa is a student who regularly uses the computers at her local Internet café to listen to music, talk to her friends and family through the Internet, and play computer games. Lisa needs to make sure that the computer that she is using has a ____ attached to it for her to be able to hear music and the sounds of a computer game.

answer

speaker

question

A ____ is designed to scan flat objects one page at a time.

answer

flatbed scanner

question

Each pixel on an LCD display emits light in the necessary color.

answer

false

question

____ are the most common type of flat-panel technology used for small- to medium-sized computer monitors.

answer

LCDs

question

Portable barcode readers are always used in point-of-sale (POS) systems.

answer

false

question

The number of bits used to store color information about each pixel is called ____.

answer

bit depth

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 4-1 Stacey is the office manager for a small business and is looking for a new printer and scanner for her office. When buying a scanner, Stacey needs to make sure that the scanner has a high enough ____, typically measured in the number of dots per inch (dpi), for the business needs of the office.

answer

optical resolution

question

One-dimension (1D) barcodes contain data only vertically.

answer

false

question

Computer speakers are the most common type of audio output device.

answer

true

question

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a technology confined primarily to the banking industry, where it is used to facilitate high-volume processing of checks.

answer

false

question

Automating the data entry process is referred to as source data automation.

answer

true

question

When scanning, lower resolution is acceptable if the image is to be enlarged significantly or if only one part of the image is to be extracted and enlarged.

answer

false

question

One factor affecting digital camera quality is the number of pixels, measured in ____, used to store the data for each image.

answer

megapixels

question

A(n) ____ is used to display output from a computer to a wall or projection screen

answer

data projector

question

____ are the standard for business documents and come in both personal and network styles.

answer

laser printer

question

The ____ used to be the norm for desktop computers.

answer

CRT monitor

question

PHOLED technology is especially appropriate for use on mobile devices, consumer electronics, and other devices where power consumption is an important concern.

answer

true

question

In a printer, the print ____ affects the quality of the printed output.

answer

resolution

question

Printer output is a type of soft copy.

answer

false

question

Optical zoom specifications reflect how much the camera can zoom without losing image quality.

answer

true

question

A display device is the most common form of output device.

answer

true

question

A ____ provides a secure private tunnel from the user's computer through the Internet to another destination and is most often used to provide remote employees with secure access to a company network.

answer

Virtual Private Network

question

____, the most commonly used type of possessed knowledge, are secret words or character combinations associated with an individual.

answer

Passwords

question

A type of computer infection occurs when a hacker breaches a computer system in order to delete data, change data, modify programs, or otherwise alter the data and programs located there.

answer

False

question

The best protection against many dot cons is ____.

answer

Common Sense

question

Writing a computer virus or other type of malware or even posting the malware code on the Internet is not illegal, but it is considered highly unethical and irresponsible behavior.

answer

True

question

dentification systems determine whether or not the person attempting access is actually who he or she claims to be.

answer

False

question

Many Internet security concerns today can be categorized as cybercrimes.

answer

True

question

A computer ____ is a software program that is installed without the permission or knowledge of the computer user, that is designed to alter the way a computer operates, and that can replicate itself to infect any new media it has access to.

answer

Virus

question

Cuts or other changes to a finger may prevent access via a(n) "keystroke reader".

answer

False

question

Spear phishing e-mails are directly targeted to a specific individual and typically appear to come from an organization or person that the targeted individual has an association with.

answer

True

question

Case-Based Critical Thinking Questions Case 9-2 Fernando has been having problems with his computer. He takes it to his local computer repair shop to be checked and finds out that his computer has a number of malware that he was not even aware of. The technician tells Fernando that his computer has a ____, which might have gotten into Fernando's computer when he downloaded a free computer game from the Internet.

answer

Virus

question

AntiDoS software is used to detect and eliminate computer viruses and other types of malware.

answer

False

question

The term ____ refers to accessing someone else's unsecured Wi-Fi network from the hacker's current location (such as inside his or her home, outside a Wi-Fi hotspot location, or near a local business).

answer

Wifi piggybacking

question

When a digitally signed document is received, the recipient's computer uses the sender's ____ key to verify the digital signature.

answer

Public

question

The ____ includes provisions to combat cyberterrorism, including protecting ISPs against lawsuits from customers for revealing private information to law enforcement agencies.

answer

Homeland Security Act of 2002

question

___ are acts of malicious destruction to a computer or computer resource.

answer

Computer Sabotage

question

Increasingly, USB security keys, also called USB security ____—USB flash drives that are inserted into a computer to grant access to a network, to supply Web site usernames and passwords, or to provide other security features—are being used.

answer

Tokens

question

A computer that is controlled by a hacker or other computer criminal is referred to as a(n) botherder or zombie computer.

answer

False

question

USB security keys are also called USB security tokens.

answer

True

question

Antivirus programs are usually set up to automatically download new ____ from their associated Web site on a regular basis.

answer

Virus Definitions

question

Phishing schemes may use a technique called ____, which is setting up spoofed Web sites with addresses slightly different from legitimate sites.

answer

Typosquatting

question

A computer that is controlled by a hacker or other computer criminal is referred to as a ____.

answer

Bot

question

____ are sets of tools that allow hackers to access a system.

answer

Rookits

question

____ uses a single secret key to both encrypt and decrypt the file or message.

answer

Private Key Encryptions

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