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It is the perception or experiencing of an event or situation as difficult and unmanageable and surmounts the individual's coping mechanisms and current resources.

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Crisis

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This occurs when a crisis escalates to the point that it requires immediate intervention to avoid injury or death to oneself or others, or the person is in imminent risk of serious harm or death by another.

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Behavioral Emergency

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These are crises that occur with no directed purpose or intention to do something injurious to oneself or others.

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Indirect and Noncommissioned Behavioral Emergencies

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When a traumatic incident occurs such that people, institutions, communities, and ecologies are overwhelmed and response systems are incapable to effectively contain and control the situation.

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Systematic Crisis

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This occurs when a small, isolated incident is not contained and starts to spread and could potentially turn into an epidermic.

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Metastasizing Crisis

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This seeks to proactively handle problems before they metastasize and become uncontrollable.

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Primary Intervention

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This refers to stopping a problem before it sets in motion or begins.

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Primary Prevention

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This refers to reducing the harmful effects that have already occurred.

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Secondary Intervention

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When an original crisis event may be hiding below the surface and recognition, and the individual may believe the problem has been resolved, the appearance of new stressors may drive or catapult the individual to the crisis state again.

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Transcrisis State

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These occur usually in transcrisis states within the therapeutic intervention. It is generally characterized by the client coming to grips with new developmental stages or other dimensions of the problem.

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Trancrisis Points .

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This usually attempts to redress or remediate more or less ongoing emotional problems.

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Brief Therapy Theory

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This focuses on helping people in crisis recognize and correct temporary affective, behavioral, and cognitive distortions brought on by traumatic incidences.

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Basic Crisis Theory

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This is based on the view that disequilibrium that accompanies a person's crisis can be understood through gaining access to the individual's unconscious thoughts and past emotional experiences.

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Psychoanalytic Theory

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This is based not so much on what happens within an individual in crisis but on the interrelationships and interdependence among people and between people and incidences.

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Systems Theory

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This broadens out the base of the system and looks at crisis in relation to the environmental context within which it transpires.

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Ecosystems Theory

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This describes a person's crisis as being sustained through maladaptive behaviors, negative thoughts, and negative defense mechanisms. It is based on the premise that the person's crisis will retrocede when these maladaptive coping behaviors are transformed positively.

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Adaptational Theory

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This is enhancing personal self-esteem, openness, trust, sharing, safety, unconditional positive regard, correct empathy, and genuineness. The goal of the theory is returning the power of self-esteem to the individual or person.

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Interpersonal Theory

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These are events in the normal flow of human growth and evolution whereby a dramatic change or shift occurs that produces abnormal responses.

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Developmental Crisis

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This shows up with the occurrence of uncommon and extraordinary events that an individual has no way of predicting or controlling.

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Situational Crises

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This includes inner conflicts and anxieties that follows essential human issues of, responsibility, independence, freedom, purpose, and commitment.

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Existential Crises

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Usually occur when some natural or human-caused disaster overtakes a person or a group of people who find themselves, inundated in the aftermath of an event that may adversely affect virtually every member of the environment in which they live.

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Ecosystemic Crises

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People in crisis are in a state of psychological or emotional disequilibrium in which their usual coping mechanism and problem solving methods fail to address their needs. The goal of this model is to assist people recover to a state of pre-crisis equilibrium.

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The Equilibrium Model

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This is based on the premise that crises are ingrained in faulty thinking about the events that surround the crisis. The goal is to assist people become aware of and change their views and beliefs about the events related to the crisis or situations, and the belief is that people can gain control of crisis in their lives.

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The Cognitive Model

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This model suggests that individuals are products of their genes, as well as the learning they have obtained from their particular social contexts.

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The Psychosocial Transition Model

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It is a system of meaning shared by a group of people and may have both concrete objects and subjective components, and beliefs that define it as separate and distinct from other cultures, and transmitted inter-generationally.

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Culture

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This refers to race, ethnicity, and culture. It focuses on four racial-ethnic groups (Asian, Black/African, Latino/Hispanic, and Native Americans).

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Multiculturalism

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This refers to dimensions of personal identity and individual differences.

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Diversity

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The degree to which cultures feel threatened by uncertainty and ambiguity, therefore rules, procedures, rituals, and laws may be created as a buffer against uncertainties.

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Uncertainty Avoidance:

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This considers not only racial and ethnic minorities, but other minorities or special populations as well.

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Universal View:

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This looks at multicultural counseling in relation to identifiable/noticeable and racial ethnic minorities.

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Focused View

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It is a worldview centered on the personal-personal goals, personal uniqueness, and personal control in relation to a social group.

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Individualism

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This is based on the assumption that groups bind together mutually, and that the personal is simply a component of the larger social group or context and subordinate to it.

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Collectivism

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In this cultures, one's self-image and worth are defined in individual, and/or personal terms. In this cultures, information is generally transmitted clearly, directly, and concretely through language.

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Low-Context Cultures

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In this cultures, information is communicated in the physical context of the interaction or internalized in the person, facial expression, gestures, and tone of voice are important as the meaning of words that are said or transmitted.

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High-Context Cultures

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This is comprised of the wide range of components that make up individuals from their subjective view of who they are, not just what their individual parts are, but more the total amalgamation of the whole.

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Emic model

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This describes traits and factors common to all within the group that can be objectively identified by external observers or observers from the outside.

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Etic model

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The individual's identifiers that go far beyond, race, sex, and skin tone that make us the specific and unique individuals that reside in a cultural group.

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Social Locations

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This refers to the crisis worker's consistent display of openness to invite the client to examine issues of diversity and acknowledgement that race, ethnicity, or some universal trait may be a contributing factor to the crisis.

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Broaching

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This first order intervention, endeavors to tackle the immediate crisis situation and offer immediate relief.

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Psychological First Aid

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This second order intervention, aims to find a solution to the crisis and is generally offered by trained, licensed human services professionals.

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Crisis Therapy

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