Criminal Investigation: All Quizzes – Flashcards
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The person who bears the critical responsibility of protecting the different types of evidence at a crime scene from contamination is called
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the first officer.
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The RAND Corporation and the Police Executive Research Forum made practical recommendations in the field of
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criminal investigation.
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Minute or microscopic bits of matter that are not visible to the naked eyes are known as
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trace evidence.
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What should the responding officer do immediately in the hopes of determining facts about possible suspects, weapons, and vehicles in a crime scene?
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Broadcast a flash description of the suspect.
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The first well-known investigative body in England was known as
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the Bow Street Runners.
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The objectives of criminal investigation are to _____, locate and identify suspects, arrest suspects, recover property, and prepare cases.
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detect crime
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Identification of evidence, examination of questionable documents, forensic chemistry, and DNA analysis are all functions of
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crime laboratories.
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Which unique and successful method of documenting information on the streets is used by patrol officers?
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field interviews
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The ____ are an investigator's most personal and readily available records of the crime scene search.
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field notes
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What type of evidence is related to firearm components, and ammunition?
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ballistic
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What document is considered the backbone of a criminal prosecution process?
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official police report
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The inclusion of _____ in evidence photographs enables the viewer of the photo to get a sense of the size of the object used at the crime scene.
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markers
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Which of the following crime lab functions included examining physical data in the form of paper and checking for writer or dry seal?
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examining question documents
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A photograph of blood splattered on a wall should be made with a ____ view.
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medium-range
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What part of the police report depicts an at-a-glance summary of any investigation?
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face sheet
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An officer should begin taking notes
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when arriving at the crime scene.
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What is most commonly used facial composite software in the United States?
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FACES
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DNA typing was first described in 1985 by English geneticist
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Alec Jeffreys.
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Fingerprints may be resolved into three large, general groups of patterns: the arch, the loop, and the
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whorl.
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MitoSearch is a software package used by crime labs to compile and analyze
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the mtDNA database.
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What is the most significant breakthrough in forensic science since the development of fingerprinting?
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DNA profiling
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What is the process of identifying psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime as well as the manner in which it was committed?
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criminal investigative analysis
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In 1990, the FBI began a pilot project called ___, which stores DNA profiles from across the country in a series of local, state, and national databases. all linked via computers.
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CODIS
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Two standards have been used to govern the admission of scientific evidence: the ___ test and the Frye test.
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relavancy
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A crime lab's DNA analysis unit examination and characterization of body fluid is conducted through ______ serological techniques.
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traditional
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Impressions produced by the ridged skin on human fingers, palms, and soles of feet are ____ prints.
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latent
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Introduction, acceptance, buy, arrest, covering of the informant, and after action are common steps of
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an undercover operation.
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A criminal intelligence tool that uses graphic visuals to show the relationship between individuals and organizations is called
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link analysis.
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When it is determined that the investigation should continue, no arrest should be made, and nothing should be done to arouse the suspect's suspicion or to identify the true role of the undercover operative, this stage of undercover operations is known as
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covering the informant.
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True between ____ is crucial for a successful undercover operation.
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the undercover officer and the suspect
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In drug investigations, after the first small buy, the undercover officer makes a purchase of contraband that is known as
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after action.
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When an officer assumes a fictitious identity and associates with known or suspected criminals for the purpose of collecting information, it is known as
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undercover operations.
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Which of the following methods of surveillance affords greater scope than on-foot surveillance security detection and reduces the risk of losing the suspect?
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two-man surveillance
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Which of the following is a perquisite for an undercover role-play?
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cover story
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Which of the following steps follows the establishment of a cover story?
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infiltration
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When an officer watches from a stationary vantage point, such as a camouflaged outdoor fixture or a room, it is known as
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fixed surveillance.
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What type of searches and seizures are protected against under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
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unreasonable
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Which type of search requires a warrant?
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house search
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According to the exclusionary rule,
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evidence illegally obtained is generally inadmissible in court.
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Which of the following methods is useful for recovering stolen property?
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search with warrant
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Which of the following is a provision guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment?
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right to legal cousel
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Which relates primarily to cases involving issues of search and seizure?
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exclusionary rule
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Which of the following processes authorizes a police officer to search private homes, businesses, and vehicles of suspects?
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search with warrant
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Which of the following documents presents facts that constitute probable cause to justify the issuance of a search warrant?
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affidavit
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Which of the following documents is required for any type of search according to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
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search warrant
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What is the most important requirement to perform a legal search?
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probable cause
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The ultimate goal of an interrogation is to
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get a confession.
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A conversation between an investigator and a suspect that is designed to match acquired information to the suspect and secure a confession is known as
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interrogation.
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of the interrogation process?
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to obtain a conviction of the person suspected of committing the crime
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A(n) ____ is a relatively formal conversation conducted for the purposes of obtaining information. Notes are taken, major points are reviewed, and it can involve anyone.
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interview
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Which of the following is a source of an interview?
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suspect
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Asking questions, recognizing deception, recognizing verbal signals and nonverbal signals, and analyzing the statement are all steps in the process of
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interrogation.
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The purpose of an interview is to
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obtain information.
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A self-incriminating statement made by a suspect that falls short of acknowledgement of a guilt is called
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an admission.
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A(n) ____ is a direct acknowledgement by the suspects of their guilt in the commission of a specific crime.
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confession
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Having the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney are statements in the
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Miranda warning.
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Which of the following factors helps estimate the time of the death?
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changes in the body
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Protecting the crime scene helps in identifying
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a wrongful death.
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Which of the following is defined as the willful killing of one human being by another?
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murder
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What is crucial when collecting evidence to determine a wrongful death?
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conducting a search of the crime scene
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The stiffening, or contraction, of the body after vital functions cease is known as
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rigor mortis
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Which is characteristic of an exit wound?
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Its typically a large wound.
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A crime committed by a person if he or she recklessly causes another person's death is termed
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involuntary manslaughter.
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If a person knowingly causes the death of another person after deliberation on the matter, that crime is termed
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first degree murder.
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A dying declaration is only admissible if
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the victim believes he or she will die from the wounds inflicted by the suspect.
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If a person knowingly causes the death of another person while committing a criminal act and not acting under the influence of sudden passion, that crime is termed
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second degree murder.
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Which of the following is a term for harassing or threatening behavior toward a specific victim that the perpetrator engages in repeatedly?
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stalking
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Which of the following crimes is mostly committed by a family member of the victim?
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elder abuse
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Which of the following crimes encompasses emotional, physical, financial, and psychological victimization and neglect?
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elder abuse
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The most important part of robbery investigation is establishing
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the suspect's method of operation.
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Conducting a neighborhood canvas is the preliminary step in the process of investigating
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a robbery.
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An unlawful attempt to attack, or a completed attack upon another person with a weapon, with the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury or causing death, is known as
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aggravated assault.
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Intimates, former intimates, acquaintances, and strangers are types of offenders in
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stalking.
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Robberies that involve banks, stores, offices, and so on are called
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commercial robberies.
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Which of the following is defined as the theft or attempted theft in a direct confrontation with the victim, using force or the threat of force or violence?
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robbery
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Which of following terms refers to "threats by one person to cause bodily harm or death to another?"
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simple assault
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Burglaries are generally considered as what type of criminal offense?
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property crime
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Burglary crimes committed by __________ generally are classified as amateur.
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jueveniles
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Property crimes fall under which category of crime?
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burglary
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The possession of _______ is considered a separate felony by most jurisdictions in the United States.
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burglary tools
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Burglaries that are focused on warehouses, stores, taverns, and restaurants, and in which the employees of these places are implicated, are called ________ burglaries.
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commercial
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Criminals who commit property crimes are categorized into amateur groups and _______ groups.
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professional
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Which of the following groups of burglars travels over a broad geographical area in search of the best opportunities for stealing?
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amateur
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The most common method used by burglars to gain forceful entry into safes is called
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peeling.
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In which of the following crimes does the thief seek to avoid direct contact with people during the execution of the crime?
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burglary
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Burglaries that are focused on apartments and houses in higher income areas of a town are called ______ burglaries.
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residential
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Stealing goods from a retail store is called
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shoplifting.
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Items in the category of ____ goods are difficult to trace even when their identification numbers are present.
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fungible
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Embezzlement involving theft of merchandise within a company by an employee is called
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pilferage.
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Which of the following crimes is a low-profile crime that typically involves stealing a large amount of money over a long period of time?
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embezzlement
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The theft of currency over a long period of time that tends to be commissioned for a modest amount of money but may not be considered to be financially damaging is called
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embezzlement.
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Which crime is growing at such a significant rate that retailers should expect about a 10-15 percent annual increase of occurrences?
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shoplifting
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Which of the following offences is a form of larceny that involves the stealing of money and valuables from a victim without his or her noticing at that time?
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pocket-picking
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Stolen property can be traced from a ____, a term that is generally used to refer to a person who buys and sells stolen property with a criminal intent.
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fence
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Before the investigators can determine whether a larceny-theft crime has been committed, they must
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understand the legal elements.
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What is the act of unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another called?
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larceny
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The most common way of disguising a stolen vehicle is to replace its
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vehicle identification number.
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The _____ of the vehicle must be determined early in vehicle theft investigation.
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true ownership
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The ___________ is/ are as unique to a motor vehicle as a fingerprinting is to a human being.
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vehicle identification number
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The process of ____ occurs when the offender forces the driver of an automobile from the car before stealing it.
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carjacking
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One of the major reasons for motor vehicle theft is
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high resale value.
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The act of purchasing an unrepairable vehicle for its identification number and certification is known as the
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salvage switch.
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What is the reason for the creation of secondary markets for auto thieves?
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high profitability from the stripped-off parts
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For years, _____ has been ranked as the premier criminal motivation for motor vehicle theft among juveniles.
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joyriding
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The replaced vehicle identification number (VIN) is called the
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phony VIN.
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The term that describes the location where stolen vehicles are disposed of its
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chop shop.
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Which of the following stages in the criminal trial process winds up the trial proceedings?
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closing argument
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Which of the following instructions should be emphasized to potential witnesses during preparation?
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Tell the truth and testify with confidence.
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The _____ is a meeting between the investigator and the prosecutor a few days before the scheduled date of trial.
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pretrial conference
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When officers attend a criminal court procedure, they should
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familiarize themselves with the rules of the court.
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Investigators acting as police witnesses in a case should be prepared to encounter a certain amount of theatrics during the trial. They should cultivate a
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courtroom demeanor.
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A person designated by the court whose knowledge exceeds the knowledge of anyone with a moderate education or experience in subjects relevant to the case is called
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an expert witness.
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When a prosecutor coaches a witness before testifying, he or she is
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preparing a witness.
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A(n) __________ can make the job of a prosecutor and the conviction of the defendant much easier. They are usually experienced and knowledgeable witnesses.
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investigator
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Which of the following is the first stage in any criminal trial process?
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jury selection
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Which of the following qualifications should be examined when selecting an expert witness?
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specialized experience
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