question

The Federal Bureau of Investigation adopted the organizational structure of

answer

the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

question

During the Industrial Revolution in Europe, ____ were recruited to locate criminals.

answer

thief catchers

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In the United States, during the middle of the nineteenth century, _____ would often hire range detectives to capture rustlers.

answer

cattle ranchers

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The period from 1920-1933, in which U.S. lawmakers sought to criminalize the purchase and consumption of alcohol, is known as the

answer

Prohibition Period.

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The person who bears the critical responsibility of protecting the different types of evidence at a crime scene from contamination is called

answer

the first officer.

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The RAND Corporation and the Police Executive Research Forum made practical recommendations in the field of

answer

criminal investigation.

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Minute or microscopic bits of matter that are not visible to the naked eyes are known as

answer

trace evidence.

question

What should the responding officer do immediately in the hopes of determining facts about possible suspects, weapons, and vehicles in a crime scene?

answer

Broadcast a flash description of the suspect.

question

The first well-known investigative body in England was known as

answer

the Bow Street Runners.

question

The objectives of criminal investigation are to _____, locate and identify suspects, arrest suspects, recover property, and prepare cases.

answer

detect crime

question

Identification of evidence, examination of questionable documents, forensic chemistry, and DNA analysis are all functions of

answer

crime laboratories.

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Which unique and successful method of documenting information on the streets is used by patrol officers?

answer

field interviews

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The ____ are an investigator's most personal and readily available records of the crime scene search.

answer

field notes

question

What type of evidence is related to firearm components, and ammunition?

answer

ballistic

question

What document is considered the backbone of a criminal prosecution process?

answer

official police report

question

The inclusion of _____ in evidence photographs enables the viewer of the photo to get a sense of the size of the object used at the crime scene.

answer

markers

question

Which of the following crime lab functions included examining physical data in the form of paper and checking for writer or dry seal?

answer

examining question documents

question

A photograph of blood splattered on a wall should be made with a ____ view.

answer

medium-range

question

What part of the police report depicts an at-a-glance summary of any investigation?

answer

face sheet

question

An officer should begin taking notes

answer

when arriving at the crime scene.

question

What is most commonly used facial composite software in the United States?

answer

FACES

question

DNA typing was first described in 1985 by English geneticist

answer

Alec Jeffreys.

question

Fingerprints may be resolved into three large, general groups of patterns: the arch, the loop, and the

answer

whorl.

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MitoSearch is a software package used by crime labs to compile and analyze

answer

the mtDNA database.

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What is the most significant breakthrough in forensic science since the development of fingerprinting?

answer

DNA profiling

question

What is the process of identifying psychological and social characteristics surrounding the crime as well as the manner in which it was committed?

answer

criminal investigative analysis

question

In 1990, the FBI began a pilot project called ___, which stores DNA profiles from across the country in a series of local, state, and national databases. all linked via computers.

answer

CODIS

question

Two standards have been used to govern the admission of scientific evidence: the ___ test and the Frye test.

answer

relavancy

question

A crime lab's DNA analysis unit examination and characterization of body fluid is conducted through ______ serological techniques.

answer

traditional

question

Impressions produced by the ridged skin on human fingers, palms, and soles of feet are ____ prints.

answer

latent

question

Introduction, acceptance, buy, arrest, covering of the informant, and after action are common steps of

answer

an undercover operation.

question

A criminal intelligence tool that uses graphic visuals to show the relationship between individuals and organizations is called

answer

link analysis.

question

When it is determined that the investigation should continue, no arrest should be made, and nothing should be done to arouse the suspect's suspicion or to identify the true role of the undercover operative, this stage of undercover operations is known as

answer

covering the informant.

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True between ____ is crucial for a successful undercover operation.

answer

the undercover officer and the suspect

question

In drug investigations, after the first small buy, the undercover officer makes a purchase of contraband that is known as

answer

after action.

question

When an officer assumes a fictitious identity and associates with known or suspected criminals for the purpose of collecting information, it is known as

answer

undercover operations.

question

Which of the following methods of surveillance affords greater scope than on-foot surveillance security detection and reduces the risk of losing the suspect?

answer

two-man surveillance

question

Which of the following is a perquisite for an undercover role-play?

answer

cover story

question

Which of the following steps follows the establishment of a cover story?

answer

infiltration

question

When an officer watches from a stationary vantage point, such as a camouflaged outdoor fixture or a room, it is known as

answer

fixed surveillance.

question

What type of searches and seizures are protected against under the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

answer

unreasonable

question

Which type of search requires a warrant?

answer

house search

question

According to the exclusionary rule,

answer

evidence illegally obtained is generally inadmissible in court.

question

Which of the following methods is useful for recovering stolen property?

answer

search with warrant

question

Which of the following is a provision guaranteed under the Sixth Amendment?

answer

right to legal cousel

question

Which relates primarily to cases involving issues of search and seizure?

answer

exclusionary rule

question

Which of the following processes authorizes a police officer to search private homes, businesses, and vehicles of suspects?

answer

search with warrant

question

Which of the following documents presents facts that constitute probable cause to justify the issuance of a search warrant?

answer

affidavit

question

Which of the following documents is required for any type of search according to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

answer

search warrant

question

What is the most important requirement to perform a legal search?

answer

probable cause

question

The ultimate goal of an interrogation is to

answer

get a confession.

question

A conversation between an investigator and a suspect that is designed to match acquired information to the suspect and secure a confession is known as

answer

interrogation.

question

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the interrogation process?

answer

to obtain a conviction of the person suspected of committing the crime

question

A(n) ____ is a relatively formal conversation conducted for the purposes of obtaining information. Notes are taken, major points are reviewed, and it can involve anyone.

answer

interview

question

Which of the following is a source of an interview?

answer

suspect

question

Asking questions, recognizing deception, recognizing verbal signals and nonverbal signals, and analyzing the statement are all steps in the process of

answer

interrogation.

question

The purpose of an interview is to

answer

obtain information.

question

A self-incriminating statement made by a suspect that falls short of acknowledgement of a guilt is called

answer

an admission.

question

A(n) ____ is a direct acknowledgement by the suspects of their guilt in the commission of a specific crime.

answer

confession

question

Having the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney are statements in the

answer

Miranda warning.

question

Which of the following factors helps estimate the time of the death?

answer

changes in the body

question

Protecting the crime scene helps in identifying

answer

a wrongful death.

question

Which of the following is defined as the willful killing of one human being by another?

answer

murder

question

What is crucial when collecting evidence to determine a wrongful death?

answer

conducting a search of the crime scene

question

The stiffening, or contraction, of the body after vital functions cease is known as

answer

rigor mortis

question

Which is characteristic of an exit wound?

answer

Its typically a large wound.

question

A crime committed by a person if he or she recklessly causes another person's death is termed

answer

involuntary manslaughter.

question

If a person knowingly causes the death of another person after deliberation on the matter, that crime is termed

answer

first degree murder.

question

A dying declaration is only admissible if

answer

the victim believes he or she will die from the wounds inflicted by the suspect.

question

If a person knowingly causes the death of another person while committing a criminal act and not acting under the influence of sudden passion, that crime is termed

answer

second degree murder.

question

Which of the following is a term for harassing or threatening behavior toward a specific victim that the perpetrator engages in repeatedly?

answer

stalking

question

Which of the following crimes is mostly committed by a family member of the victim?

answer

elder abuse

question

Which of the following crimes encompasses emotional, physical, financial, and psychological victimization and neglect?

answer

elder abuse

question

The most important part of robbery investigation is establishing

answer

the suspect's method of operation.

question

Conducting a neighborhood canvas is the preliminary step in the process of investigating

answer

a robbery.

question

An unlawful attempt to attack, or a completed attack upon another person with a weapon, with the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury or causing death, is known as

answer

aggravated assault.

question

Intimates, former intimates, acquaintances, and strangers are types of offenders in

answer

stalking.

question

Robberies that involve banks, stores, offices, and so on are called

answer

commercial robberies.

question

Which of the following is defined as the theft or attempted theft in a direct confrontation with the victim, using force or the threat of force or violence?

answer

robbery

question

Which of following terms refers to "threats by one person to cause bodily harm or death to another?"

answer

simple assault

question

Burglaries are generally considered as what type of criminal offense?

answer

property crime

question

Burglary crimes committed by __________ generally are classified as amateur.

answer

jueveniles

question

Property crimes fall under which category of crime?

answer

burglary

question

The possession of _______ is considered a separate felony by most jurisdictions in the United States.

answer

burglary tools

question

Burglaries that are focused on warehouses, stores, taverns, and restaurants, and in which the employees of these places are implicated, are called ________ burglaries.

answer

commercial

question

Criminals who commit property crimes are categorized into amateur groups and _______ groups.

answer

professional

question

Which of the following groups of burglars travels over a broad geographical area in search of the best opportunities for stealing?

answer

amateur

question

The most common method used by burglars to gain forceful entry into safes is called

answer

peeling.

question

In which of the following crimes does the thief seek to avoid direct contact with people during the execution of the crime?

answer

burglary

question

Burglaries that are focused on apartments and houses in higher income areas of a town are called ______ burglaries.

answer

residential

question

Stealing goods from a retail store is called

answer

shoplifting.

question

Items in the category of ____ goods are difficult to trace even when their identification numbers are present.

answer

fungible

question

Embezzlement involving theft of merchandise within a company by an employee is called

answer

pilferage.

question

Which of the following crimes is a low-profile crime that typically involves stealing a large amount of money over a long period of time?

answer

embezzlement

question

The theft of currency over a long period of time that tends to be commissioned for a modest amount of money but may not be considered to be financially damaging is called

answer

embezzlement.

question

Which crime is growing at such a significant rate that retailers should expect about a 10-15 percent annual increase of occurrences?

answer

shoplifting

question

Which of the following offences is a form of larceny that involves the stealing of money and valuables from a victim without his or her noticing at that time?

answer

pocket-picking

question

Stolen property can be traced from a ____, a term that is generally used to refer to a person who buys and sells stolen property with a criminal intent.

answer

fence

question

Before the investigators can determine whether a larceny-theft crime has been committed, they must

answer

understand the legal elements.

question

What is the act of unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another called?

answer

larceny

question

The most common way of disguising a stolen vehicle is to replace its

answer

vehicle identification number.

question

The _____ of the vehicle must be determined early in vehicle theft investigation.

answer

true ownership

question

The ___________ is/ are as unique to a motor vehicle as a fingerprinting is to a human being.

answer

vehicle identification number

question

The process of ____ occurs when the offender forces the driver of an automobile from the car before stealing it.

answer

carjacking

question

One of the major reasons for motor vehicle theft is

answer

high resale value.

question

The act of purchasing an unrepairable vehicle for its identification number and certification is known as the

answer

salvage switch.

question

What is the reason for the creation of secondary markets for auto thieves?

answer

high profitability from the stripped-off parts

question

For years, _____ has been ranked as the premier criminal motivation for motor vehicle theft among juveniles.

answer

joyriding

question

The replaced vehicle identification number (VIN) is called the

answer

phony VIN.

question

The term that describes the location where stolen vehicles are disposed of its

answer

chop shop.

question

Which of the following stages in the criminal trial process winds up the trial proceedings?

answer

closing argument

question

Which of the following instructions should be emphasized to potential witnesses during preparation?

answer

Tell the truth and testify with confidence.

question

The _____ is a meeting between the investigator and the prosecutor a few days before the scheduled date of trial.

answer

pretrial conference

question

When officers attend a criminal court procedure, they should

answer

familiarize themselves with the rules of the court.

question

Investigators acting as police witnesses in a case should be prepared to encounter a certain amount of theatrics during the trial. They should cultivate a

answer

courtroom demeanor.

question

A person designated by the court whose knowledge exceeds the knowledge of anyone with a moderate education or experience in subjects relevant to the case is called

answer

an expert witness.

question

When a prosecutor coaches a witness before testifying, he or she is

answer

preparing a witness.

question

A(n) __________ can make the job of a prosecutor and the conviction of the defendant much easier. They are usually experienced and knowledgeable witnesses.

answer

investigator

question

Which of the following is the first stage in any criminal trial process?

answer

jury selection

question

Which of the following qualifications should be examined when selecting an expert witness?

answer

specialized experience

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