Computer Crime 3403 Essay Example

knowledge.

While seeking knowledge, some individuals engage in destruction.

There is no doubt that this is illegal, but the question of its origin arises, with MIT playing a crucial role in this matter.

Individuals residing in the birthplace of hacking would gain knowledge and investigate computer systems.

Many people consider professional hacking to be as addictive and harmful as drugs.

The mind, like addictive substances, forms an addiction that is challenging to overcome.

Stopping hackers is difficult because they are conscious of their actions.

Despite being aware of their wrongdoing and the high probability of getting caught, certain individuals continue to engage in such behavior.

Penetrating banks, hackers, who are slightly more sophisticated criminals, use their skills.

and other locations where they can obtain funds or cause damage

Stealing money from a bank is the main objective of a hacker, who aims to take a small amount of money, typically just a few cents or even a few

Even though fractions of a cent may seem insignificant, they are accumulated from numerous accounts.

On average, a stick-up robber usually gets about $8,000 per incident, which can add up to a significant amount overall.

"job", and he must risk his life and personal freedom.

While the computer hacker is in the comfort of his own living room, they are able to average doing it.

Individuals who want to destroy information must have a significant amount of $500,000 as it is considered a "job".

Destroying data and taking down an individual may ultimately lead to the downfall of a company, causing concerns.

Although the process of restoring a company is highly appealing, it can result in significant costs, potentially amounting to thousands of dollars.

Now that you have a grasp of the concept

of a "hacker" and the damage they can cause,

It is time to move on to someone closely associated with a hacker. This is a Phreak.

But what is that? For the answer, we turn to what is known as the

The "Official" Phreakers Manual introduces the definition and action of Phreaking [fr'eek], which is the purpose of the manual.

Engaging in mischievous and predominantly unlawful methods to evade payment for a certain type of.

Telecommunications bill, order, transfer, or other service is frequently involved.

Employment of highly unauthorized containers and devices to bypass the security system.

The

tag is used to avoid this situation. [fr'eaking] v. 2. A person who uses

.

Using the methods mentioned above, destruction and chaos can be used to create a better life.

A genuine phreaker will not betray or report on their fellow phreakers or individuals who are involved in phreaking.

They would criticize him or engage in any activity considered dishonorable towards phreaks. [fr'eek] n.

3. An example of a certain code or dialup that is useful in the action of being a phreak.

"Last night, I hacked a new metro phreak. The latter two ideas of."

What a phreak is, is rather strange. A phreak, much like a hacker, enjoys exploring and discovering.

Although he is experimenting, his choice of exploration is not another computer but the phone.

Phreaks engage in exploring the phone system, discovering numerous methods within the system as a whole.

Most often, hackers do things like making free calls. The reason why they do this is because they are hackers.

Phreakers will have a greater need to utilize telephone systems compared to the average person.

There are various methods that individuals can use to avoid toll charges.

Order

". A phreak has two main methods for making free calls: he can call up

He has the option to enter codes or PBXs on his phone and make a call by entering a code.

Electronic Toll Fraud Devices are easily obtainable. Phreakers can easily scan for codes.

Instead of saving the tone(s) number for them, unlike a hacker, only the tone(s) number will be saved.

He will first gather carrier(s) and then try to hack the code to make use of them. The codes vary in range.

Numbers from 0 to 9 can have any length, but most are not longer than 10.

Boxes in the underground is a term used to refer to Electronic Toll Fraud Devices.

the size of a pack of cigarettes, or it can be smaller or larger. I will not go

Too deep. Electronic devices that perform various functions, such as making

Outgoing calls are free, as are incoming calls. Additionally, there is a simulation of coins dropping in a

Phone, etc. individuals who engage in "Phreaking" are frequently apprehended nowadays, all thanks to technological advancements.

Software piracy is the most common computer crime and is associated with the newly developed technology.

Illegal copying of software: "People wouldn't think of shoplifting software"

If you make a purchase at a retail store, feel free to go home and create multiple items without any hesitation.

"I can confirm that the statement about illegal copies of the same software is true, based on my personal experience."

Many individuals are guilty of going out and purchasing items.

The purpose of the Bulletin Boards is to provide a service to users by developing and copying software for their use.

The act of pirating software is the true cause of the

problem on any of these boards.

There is a wide range of pirated software options available, with the number varying between 300 and over 1000.

There is no solution to the problem of few arrests being made.

In this section, I will discuss the developments in computer crime that have occurred in this area and allocate a brief section to address this subject.

Although the majority of the mentioned BBS' are lawful and devoid of any misconduct, there might be a small number of exceptions.

Several websites allow the distribution of pirated software, explicit pictures, and animations.

A trading area is provided for phone codes, other BBS', and credit cards.

This is the gathering place for many Hackers and Phreaks, along with numbers, etc.

Those who persist in pirating software gather to connect and exchange narratives. This is the purpose of their gathering.

Within this realm, certain groups have the ability to acquire and decipher information, offering you endless possibilities in a new world.

courier software is used all around the globe, and there are various names for these applications, including: INC: International

Network Of Crackers, THG: The Humble Guys, TDT: The Dream Team. Also, there is a certain number

Other groups have also followed suit, like Phalcon/SKISM (Smart Kids Into Sick).

These virus groups include Methods, NuKE, and YAM (Youngsters Against McAfee).

Writing and courier services allow individuals to write and send their work from anywhere.

Visitors are welcome to access and utilize the information on this webpage without restrictions, for informational or other purposes.

When people participate in illegal activities as a group, it prevents them from taking independent action.

The individuals who operate these boards are knowledgeable and competent, as they currently understand their responsibilities.

Currently, the BBS world is

divided into two sections: Pirating and the Underground.

of Hackers, Phreaks, Anarchists, Carders (involved in Credit Card Fraud), Virus programmers.

We have different boards that provide a wide range of information on almost any subject.

The reading you have just completed should have provided you with a thorough comprehension of the topic.

The significance of comprehending computer crime is crucial as it offers an explanation that was omitted in the preceding sections.

Police and phone companies are consistently apprehending and thwarting various incidents on a daily basis.

Advancements in technology have made it easier to apprehend criminals compared to before.

The police have previously made significant blows, except for the BBS'.

The activity of busting a few BBS', arresting hackers and phreaks, all of whom were thoroughly examined, caused much attention.

Individuals are constantly striving to enhance their knowledge in specific areas of expertise. With additional time, they have the opportunity to further explore and delve into particular subjects.

Although it is necessary to highlight that these arrests are related to real criminal activities, I must acknowledge their presence.

The older generation is becoming more critical and leaving their positions as time passes.

There has been a recent surge in arrests, specifically targeting new individuals. This is done with the intention of using them as examples and deter others.

The term virus deters many potential computer criminals.

Encountering a virus composed of can be disheartening, especially when computers are involved.

These instructions, hidden within a program, are intended to duplicate themselves.

Thankfully, there is assistance accessible to halt the cycle and dissemination of other programs.

Anyone can access antivirus software, as it is available to everyone. "Viruses initially"

The origin of appeared in 1985, primarily originating from university laboratories.

Primarily, there are

exceptional individuals who possess remarkable programming abilities and have a strong desire to compete with one another.

Since then, wayward programmers started developing newer and more harmful software.

According to Yang (1998), computer viruses can be specifically targeted at certain user groups.

The concept of malware is just as sinister as it sounds, infiltrating personal computers and causing harm.

Posing a potential annoyance or significant danger to any data (Miastkowski, 2021).

(1998) The symptoms of computer viruses can vary from unpleasant to fatal and they spread from.

Like biological viruses, computer viruses spread from program to program and computer to computer.

According to Chess (1997), the individual spread within a society is like diskettes

According to the text, the "primary carriers of viruses in the 1980s" were the paragraphs.

("Computer," 1997) Presently, they serve as email attachments and file transfers.

Networks have the ability to spread viruses through activities such as infected software downloads or uploads.

A study conducted by Yang in 1998 found that there was a substantial increase in the number of PCs connecting. Furthermore, this particular issue was not being addressed during that period.

There has been an increase in the distribution of viruses, which is posing a risk to personal computers.

There used to be a shortage of support, but now there is more help available thanks to the creation of specialized software.

Stores are available to provide help in preventing the significant disasters caused by viruses, as stated by Miastkowski.

The creation of antivirus software in 1998 involved the development of a program that scans files and offers protection against viruses.

The objective is to identify viruses through the scanning of all files on the hard disk, diskettes, CD ROM, and memory.

("Computer," 1997) The life cycle

of a virus is complex as it goes through various stages.

Malware infections begin when a user runs an infected program, prompting the computer to replicate the program.

The data is transferred from the disk to RAM, which is an acronym for random access memory, for processing.

viral code is executed, and the virus replicates itself into a specific portion of RAM

Keeping the and their contents separate from the program enables the pesky virus to persist and propagate.

while another program is running, until it is finished and passes back into the

When the user runs a different program, the dormant infected program is activated.

The virus resumes its activity by running again and proceeds to insert a duplicate of itself into the uninfected software.

"that the cycle...can repeat." (Chess, 1997) There are also other computer

Networks can be affected by pests like "worms", but viruses are the most common.

According to Yang (1998), scientists have invested considerable time and effort into conducting research to identify shared approaches.

Chess (1997) states that the ability to detect and eradicate viruses is based on extensive research conducted over many years.

Researchers in mathematical epidemiology have achieved a certain level of understanding.

In 1997, Yegulalp highlighted that the ability of viruses to survive and multiply in their host organisms is one of the factors that determine the speed at which they spread.

There is a consensus among researchers that they are greatly indebted to "pattern-matching techniques.

According to Chess (1997), computational biologists have developed an innovative technology.

The purpose is to create antivirus software that imitates the mechanisms employed by the human body to combat threats.

Protecting against pathogens is crucial. An independent survey conducted by the National Computer highlighted

this importance.

Security Association reports that the infection rate for personal computers in North America is high.

According to McDonald (1997), the number of instances has increased by more than three times in the past year. "In the 1990s, the"

virus problem has reached epidemic proportions, with new strains emerging that can change shape.

The text highlights various types of viruses, including polymorphic viruses, stealth strains, and macro viruses, which are all commonly found.

According to Yang (1998), the frequent appearance of is becoming alarming.

Macro viruses are a significant issue as they infiltrate widely used programs, including

Microsoft Word and Microsoft Excel are two types of software that can be affected by this virus, which can have a negative impact on daily work.

According to Miastkowski (1998), this virus is much easier to deal with compared to any other virus. He stated, "almost any antivirus can handle it."

The package effectively detects and removes a wide range of viruses, including macro-based ones.

Viruses can be controlled by maintaining the library of signatures in the products. This involves maintaining the binary code of the products.

One area that assists in identifying viruses is the current technology used, according to Yegulalp in 1997.

The most significant difference between these packages lies in where they differ most. Some of the major brands of antivirus software.

Some of the antivirus software available includes Norton AntiVirus 4.0, PC-cillin 3.0, and Dr. Solomon’s Anti-Virus 7.0.

According to Miastkowski (1998), some antivirus software options include McAfee VirusScan 3.0 and IBM AntiVirus 3.0.1.

Each program shares some common attributes; for starters, each program indeed hunts.

According to Cope (1998), system documentation helps to bring errors in the system to light and eliminate

them.

Undoubtedly, Norton AntiVirus 4.0 remains the leading software in effectively detecting and eliminating viruses.

Superior protection is provided by this specific software, which utilizes virus-detection technology.

There is a technology named "Bloodhound" which is capable of detecting viruses.

According to Yegulalp (1997), and their contents have undergone significant changes from their original forms.

TouchStone's PC-cillin 3.0 is a close competitor to Norton AntiVirus 4.0; it

provides adequate protection and offers internet-based updates. (Miastkowski,

1998) "Each program scans for boot-sector and memory-resident viruses."

When the user turns on the computer, these devices automatically include a

Antivirus shield for Windows 95 that prevents contamination caused by infected floppy disks.

It also provides a warning to the user when a contaminated file is being executed. Furthermore, it allows

Users have the capability to manually perform scans of any drive directly within the Windows 95 operating system.

According to Cope (1998), it is important to check files downloaded from the Internet. Norton also emphasizes the need to verify downloaded files.

AntiVirus 4.0 combines the features of its Windows NT, DOS, Windows 3.x, and

Windows 95 editions are combined into one package. PC-cillin is also compatible with NT.

According to Yegulalp (1997), TouchStone ships the NT edition as a separate product.

One more benefit of the Norton AntiVirus software is its installation process;

Several user-friendly options for Norton are available, making it easy to use.

AntiVirus offers live protection and enables users to create a rescue disk.

The set of rescue disks backs up the system, enabling the user to boot and

PC-cillin software can help recover from a virus attack according to "Hackers" (1997).

PC-cillin is highly protective as well. "Upon installation, PC-cillin instantly provides comprehensive security.

Ensuring that its own files are clean is

important because if an antivirus program becomes infected, it becomes powerless.

According to Yegulalp (1997), this program also provides a solution to avoid additional infections.

According to Yang (1998), before Windows 95 loads, there is a backup system and system scan.

PC-cillin's latest version provides real-time notifications to users during internet scans.

Connection provides significantly more enhanced functionality than its predecessor, PC-cillin.

According to Yegulalp (1997), users will definitely want to upgrade. On the surface,

It appears that personal computer users are facing unfavorable odds, despite the increase in usage.

Despite the existence of antivirus software, viruses continue to spread rapidly.

(McDonald, 1997) Anti-virus software is undoubtedly one of the most intelligent purchases.

There are nearly 10,000 known computer viruses that a computer owner can make.

There is a threat to the world's personal computers that has varying effects.

According to Cope (1998), the range of effects that natural disasters can have spans from being relatively harmless to ferociously destructive.

It is easy for troublemakers to spread from an infected floppy disk to personal computers.

Content stored on the hard drive can come from both the disk and files downloaded from an email.

McDonald (1997) states that despite the positive feedback regarding attachments and the Internet.

Many computer researchers maintain a sense of skepticism towards antivirus programs.

towards achieving full security. "No matter how advanced antivirus software may be,

Regardless of how advanced technology becomes, computer viruses will always be a source of uneasiness.

"coexistence with us and our computers." (Chess, 1997) Unless there are

Regular updates to virus scanners occur every few minutes, making it impossible for anyone to be completely safe from a virus.

There is an increasing number of destructive viruses appearing rapidly, making it challenging for virus scanner vendors

to keep up.

It is impossible to keep up with them, even with the most advanced tools and policies.

"Achieving bulletproof security is likely not possible due to the high costs and constantly evolving nature of threats."

networks and software versions, incomplete security tools, and the growing pool

"Hackers," ingenious and dedicated, prevent this.

Since 1997, there has been an increase in the number of individuals capable of producing new viruses.

(Yang, 1998) In June 1997, a group of hackers successfully cracked a

"The highly praised code was developed using relatively basic brute force techniques."

("Hackers," 1997) The security breach occurred just five weeks later.

The data security purposely invited the attack in an attempt to showcase the resilience of its codes.

Over the years, people have been improving the protection against such attacks through careful measures.

personal computers have evolved and advanced over time, while others have also experienced similar progress.

working tirelessly to create innovative methods of causing a system to "crash."

Although problems with a personal computer cannot be completely avoided, they can be minimized by taking preventive measures.

Protection against viruses is essential for every computer user. It is important to have antivirus software installed.

There is no way to predict if a simple file contains a program.

tremendous virus. The decision to handle it should be left to the computer itself;

By purchasing a simple antivirus, only it can detect and destroy the virus.

With the right package, computer users can prevent viruses from entering and damaging their systems.

When considering the costs, a personal computer is much more advantageous.

It is more costly to rebuild a computer after it has been destroyed than it is to buy a new one.

An efficient antivirus software

package.

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Bibliography

Chess, David, Jeffrey Kephart, Gregory Sorkin, and Steve White.

"Biological metaphors offer insight into many aspects of fighting computer viruses.

Computer viruses have aspects that can inspire defenses against them.

The World Book's article "Computer" can be found in the November 1997 issue of Scientific American, pages 134-138.

Encyclopedia. 1997. Cope, Jim. "A Buyer's Guide To Virus Protection: Get

Discovering protecting programs for Windows 95 that defend your PC from digital bugs.

"Hackers, Trespassing and Destroying your Files." NetGuide Mar. 1998: 143-146

Terrorists and spies pose a constant threat. Are you prepared to defend against them?

The article "Viruses: An Anatomy of" by Glenn McDonald was published in the October 1997 issue of Software Magazine on page 76.

Mass Hysteria." PCWorld Sept. 1997: 123-125 Miastkowski, Stan. "Virus

Killers 1998: This year, macro viruses are spreading rapidly, causing havoc. Which antivirus software can protect against them?

According to Yang, W.D., "Program is Your Best Defense?" was an article published in PC World in March 1998, which discussed the importance of programs as a means of defense. The article was focused on addressing the best strategies for protecting oneself against potential threats.

"Be Aware of Viruses and Use Protection." - Computer Times 18 February

The text below isand unified with the and their contents retained.

1998: 85-89. Yegulalp, Serdar. "Head to Head: Antivirus Software Virus.

Protection Superheroes. Windows Magazine.