COMM 2440 Midterm 2 – Flashcards

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The transformational approach to leadership was first outlined by:
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James MacGregor Burns
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According to Abraham Maslow, five hierarchically arranged human needs exist; they are:
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physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, self esteem need, and self actualization needs.
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Which leadership style is characterized by contingent reward and management by exception?
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Transactional
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The term laissez-faire (abdication) is defined as a:
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non leadership factor
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If a leader wants to encourage creativity, the leader needs to help followers focus on generating:
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new products, ideas and procedures
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The authors suggest that the most significant approaches for analyzing charismatic leadership are:
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sociological, behavioral/attribution, and communication
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The authors believe that charisma is the product of
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communication
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There are five primary characteristics assoicated with the transformational leader; they are:
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creative, interactive, visionary, empowering, and passionate
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Creative thinking is frequently referred to as:
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divergent or lateral thinking
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Identifying new problems is called the ____ to creativity.
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problem-finding orientation
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What is the most important act of a transformational leader?
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communicating a vision to followers
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A well-conceived vision statement evolves from an organization's:
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core values
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What do leaders need to be aware of when empowering their followers?
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The followers' perception of trust
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According to Richard Chang, what is the most important competitive advantage an organization can have?
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passion
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Self esteem is the final human need in Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
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False
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Lower level transactional leadership is the foundation for higher level transformational leadership.
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True
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Transactional leadership is considered primarily passive.
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True
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Researchers identified seven dimensions of transactional and transformational leadership.
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True
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Transactional leadership provides rewards for effort, and recognizes good performance.
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True
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Leadership is the single most important competitive advantage that an organization can have.
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False
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Organizational consultants Robert Richardson and catherine Thayer believe that charisma isn't so much a gift as it is a specific from of training.
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False
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There are five type of impression management.
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False
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George Graham Wallas claims there are four steps to the creative process: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification.
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True
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Transformational leaders empower themselves.
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False
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By encouraging open communication, a leader allows followers to share their ideas and insights.
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True
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Communicating a vision to followers i the lest important act of the transformational leader.
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False
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Transformational leaders are masterful communicators.
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True
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If a vision is too specific,it may leave followers floundering once the goals it articulates are achieved.
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True
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Explain and give an example of the five hierarchically arranged human needs as defined by Maslow.
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physiological needs, safety, belonging, self esteem, and self actualization
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Compare and contrast transactional and transformational leadership.
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Transactional: more traditional approach, leader concerned about lower level needs, exchange rewards for desirable outcomes, primarily status, maintaining the status quo Transformational: new approach, James McGregor Burns, basic level needs+higher level needs, elevates leaders and followers to a higher level of motivation and morality, the leader provides a mission, vision, empowerment, emotional support, and intellectual support
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Describe the five primary characteristics of transformational leadership.
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creative, interactive, visionary, empowering, and passionate
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Describe and give an example of transformational leadership
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elevates leaders and followers to a higher level of motivation and morality, Sam Walton-Walmart-would visit stores to show his appreciation for associates
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What are Max Weber's five key components of charismatic leadership?
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-Extraordinary, almost magical talents -Unstable situation -Radical vision -Followers are attracted b/c they're excited -validation or talents, success, progress
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Give some examples of transformational leaders who empowered others.
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Disney, Nordstrom
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House and Bass developed a set of conclusions about charismatic leaders. Describe on of the three major categories.
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Transformational adds value to transactional-the reverse is not true "more effective than transactional" High levels of confidence, competence, high expectations, create sense of excitement and adventures.
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The authors of this chapter define power as:
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the ability to influence others
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John French and Bertram Raven have identified five primary sources of power, they are:
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coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent
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Researchers have reported that the use of powerless language in experimental settings:
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lowers source credibility
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What type of leader changes organizational structure, changes organizational processes, and changes interpersonal communication patterns?
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Superleader
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What power rests on the ability to deliver something of value to others?
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Reward
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Coercive power is based on the ability to:
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administer punishment and give negative reinforcement
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Leadership should be viewed as a _____ relationship.
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Reciprocal
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Legitimate power resides in:
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the position rather than in person
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Expert power is based upon
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the person not the position
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Referent power is:
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role model power
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The cost/benefit ratios suggest that leaders should rely heavily on:
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expert and referent power
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Expert power is based on the person, not the:
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position
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How many sets of capabilities does it take to carry out a constructive political strategy?
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Four: Pockets of change through partnerships, willing to risk personal gain for change, high levels of awareness, working on developing their own interpersonal skills
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What type of power is associated with collective survival?
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Distributing
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According to Harvard professor Rosabeth Kanter, "Power is America's last dirty word."
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True
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Leadership can exist without power.
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False
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Humans will select negative reinforcement over no reinforcement at all.
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True
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Cost/benefit ratios are a legitimate way to evaluate referent power.
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True
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Effective leaders need access to all types of power.
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True
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Speakers are stereotyped as powerless or powerful based on their word choices.
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Treu
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Expressions such as "like" and "simply" are examples of powerless talk known as disclaimers.
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False-these are side particles, disclaimers: didn't, don't get me wrong
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A self-leadership strategy to foster self-confidence is to think in terms of opportunities rather than limitations.
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True
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Sharing power fosters greater cooperation among group members.
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True
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Empowerment increases the demand for resources.
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True
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Coercion can be used by followers as well as by leaders.
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True
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Tag questions make a declarative statement much less forceful.
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True
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There is no leadership without power.
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True
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Powerful individuals often ignore the needs of others.
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True
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Discuss why power and leadership are interdependent but not interchangeable.
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power is the ability to influence others. Leadership is impossible without power since leaders must modify attitudes and behaviors. Influencing others does not automatically qualify as leadership. Leadership is the wise use of power. Power can exist without leadership but leadership not without power.
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Discuss two reasons why rewards fail as motivational strategies.
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not desirable or attractive, offensive, prefer reinforcement, wrong reward, expensive, not linked to consistent high performance
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Discuss the concept of cost/benefit ratios when evaluating types of power to use.
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Suggest that leaders should rely heavily on expert and reverent power-positive effect on the performance and satisfaction of those being influenced. Low cost. There are benefits and drawbacks to both sides.
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Discuss the concept of powerful and powerless talk.
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Powerful: more knowledgable and confident Powerless: tentative and submissive
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What is meant by and give examples of hedges in terms of powerless talk?
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"kinda" "I think" "I guess" reduce the impact
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What is the difference between information power and ecological power?
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Information: access to info and data outside events that are happening Ecological: physical environment, technology
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Why should a leader pay attention to organizational politics?
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may have hidden power stealers: effective, develop strategies, unconventional, outside of power structure
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