question

Research has shown that for messages delivered in a speech that include visual aids, the audience will recall what percent of the message after three days?

answer

65%

question

Research has shown that incorporating visual aids into your speech can increase persuasiveness and enhance credibility.

answer

true

question

A(n) _____ is a copy of an object, usually built to scale.

answer

model

question

Using an object to illustrate how something is done or how it works is a(n)_____

answer

demonstration

question

Handouts should be distributed during your speech at the point when you want your audience to reference them.

answer

false

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question

Which of the following is not true of using poster boards or flip charts as a visual aid?

answer

They work well for large audiences.

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question

Which of the following is not an advantage of overhead projectors as a visual aid?

answer

They are ideal for explaining complicated ideas that you don't want to include in your actual speech.

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question

When using an audio or video clip in your speech, it is important to explain to the audience what they are seeing while the clip is playing in order for them to fully understand the significance.

answer

false

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question

What is the maximum number of items you should include in a list being used as a visual aid?

answer

6

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question

A chart that illustrates direction or motion is known as an organizational chart.

answer

false

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question

A(n) ______ is a comparison of amounts or quantities that show growth, size, proportions, or relationships.

answer

graph

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question

The type of graph that shows how trends develop over time is called a:

answer

line graph

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question

A graph that shows the relative proportions of parts of a whole is known as a pie graph.

answer

true

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question

When using photographs as visual aids, you should never pass out the original photographs to your audience but instead make copies for them to see.

answer

true

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question

A(n) _______ is the type or style of print you use in your visual aid.

answer

font

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question

Within the context of visual aids, balance refers to the relationship between the information you present orally in your speech and the information presented visually.

answer

false

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question

Which of the following is not an important function of visual aids?

answer

Visual aids help audiences relax.

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question

When using a handout you should remember to mark the points you want to emphasize.

answer

true

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question

When a speaker folds a flag before an audience while giving a speech about the flag she/he is using which of the following visual aid methods?

answer

a demonstration

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question

With some high-tech boards, such as __________, you can even duplicate what you write on them and make a handout for the audience at the end of your speech.

answer

Smartboard

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question

Which of the following is a guideline to keep in mind when using a visual aid?

answer

Choose objects that are legal and nonthreatening.

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question

Which of the following is not a guideline when using video or audio clips?

answer

Run video or audio as a backdrop to your speech.

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question

A(n) _____ is a series of words or phrases that organize ideas one after the other.

answer

list

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question

Drawings are diagrams and sketches that help you show your audience what something looks like. You should create your own drawings but never select them from computer or online resources because that's plagiarism.

answer

false

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question

A ____ is a visual representation showing the physical layout of geographical features, cities, road systems, the night sky, and the like.

answer

map

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question

Which of the following is not a design principle when you add color to your visual aids?

answer

Color evokes universal imagery.

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question

________ is defined as the action and manner of speaking to an audience.

answer

Delivery

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question

Which of the following is not an advantage of extemporaneous speaking?

answer

Extemporaneous speaking helps your speech flow smoothly since it is completely memorized.

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question

Extemporaneous speaking employs a conversational style which is formal but also spontaneous and relaxed.

answer

true

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question

A speech that is not planned or prepared in advance is known as a(n):

answer

impromptu speech

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question

Speaking from a manuscript is one of the easiest forms of public speaking because the speaker just has to read what they've written and not worry as much about delivery

answer

false

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question

A speech that has been written out, committed to memory, and given word for word is known as a(n):

answer

memorized speech.

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question

The loudness of a speaker's voice is called the _____

answer

volume

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The pitch of a speaker's voice is:

answer

the highness or lowness of the speaker's voice on a musical scale.

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question

The manipulation of a speaker's volume to create certain meanings or moods is known as inflection

answer

false

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Being ________ is a way of speaking in which a speaker does not alter her or his pitch.

answer

monotone

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question

Vocalized pauses occur when the speaker explicitly tells the audience that he or she is pausing in order to give the audience time to think.

answer

false

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question

The act of saying words correctly according to the accepted standards of the language is known as ______

answer

pronunciation

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question

When northern people say "pop" and southern people say "soda" to refer to soft drinks, this is an example of:

answer

dialect

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Gestures are movements of the hands and body that express meaning and emotion or offer clarity to a message.

answer

true

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question

________ is the use of space during communication, including the distance a speaker is from the audience as well as how elevated the speaker is above audience level.

answer

Proxemics

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question

When preparing for questions that the audience might have at the end of your speech, you should do all of the following except:

answer

determine what questions you are willing to answer.

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question

One tip for manuscript speaking is to add more keywords and phrases to your outline (not full sentences) so you have more cues to aid your memory.

answer

false

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question

When speaking in a conversational style each of the following is true except:

answer

your gestures are less spontaneous.

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question

When delivering an impromptu speech, use all of the following guidelines except:

answer

support your main points but skip the subpoints and sub-subpoints.

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question

When you write your speech in manuscript format, the best way to avoid a written style is to talk the speech aloud as you write it.

answer

true

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question

A memorized delivery is best in the following situations except:

answer

when there is not much time for preparation.

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question

When members of your audience come from varied cultural backgrounds or are non-native speakers of your language, try to lower your _____ so accents and unfamiliar words are easier to follow.

answer

rate

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question

If you have a habit of vocalizing pauses, which of the following processes will help?

answer

When you feel the urge to say "um" or "er" to fill space, gently bite your tongue and don't let the word escape.

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question

Which of the following is not a tip for using gestures to make your delivery lively, offer emphasis and clarity, and convey your passion and interest?

answer

Increase the number of gestures as your speech progresses.

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question

Although you don't want to remain too close to your audience throughout your speech, getting close to them at key points allows for greater comprehension and communicates a desire to be heard.

answer

false

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question

The way speakers position and carry their bodies is known as ______

answer

posture

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question

________ is the system of verbal and gestural symbols a community uses to communicate with one another.

answer

Language

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question

In C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards's semantic triangle of meaning, the object, concept, or event a symbol represents is known as the:

answer

referent

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question

The semantic triangle of meaning demonstrates that all audience members who understand the symbols from a speaker and have similar referents for it will have the same thoughts, or references, for the symbols

answer

F

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question

Words that refer to ideas or concepts but not specific objects are known as:

answer

abstract words.

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question

A(n) _____ is a fixed, distinctive expression whose meaning is not indicated by its individual words.

answer

idiom

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question

Studying the language will ultimately help you develop the arguments and ideas of your speech more clearly.

answer

T

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question

There are significant differences between the spoken word and the written word.

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not one of the ways spoken language is more casual than written language?

answer

Written language is harder to remember and comprehend than spoken language.

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question

Repetitiveness is more important in orally based situations such as public speaking because the information presented is not stored in writing for audience members to review later.

answer

T

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question

A metaphor is defined as:

answer

a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two things by describing one thing as being something else.

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question

Mixing metaphors in your speech is a technique that enhances the comparison you are trying to make.

answer

F

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question

The phrase "evil reared its ugly head" is an example of:

answer

personification

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question

The arrangement of words into patterns so the sound of the words together enhances the meaning of a phrase is known as _____

answer

rhythm.

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question

Parallelism is best defined as:

answer

the arrangement of related words or related sentences so they are balanced or have identical structures.

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question

The phrase "fact or fiction" is an example of: a. repetition. b. idiom. c. parallelism. d. alliteration.

answer

alliteration.

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question

________ is the placement of words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another.

answer

Antithesis

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question

My desk top computer is an obsolete hunk of junk and I shall be replacing it with a new notebook model" is an example of: a. the use of a reference. b. the use of concrete language. c. the use of problematic language. d. the use of abstract language.

answer

the use of abstract language.

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question

Although the use of appropriate labels sometimes is called "politically correct speech," appropriate labels really are about _______others.

answer

respecting

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question

The most effective speakers use what is called a(n) _____ style that reflects the spoken word rather than the written word. They "talk" their speeches rather than read them.

answer

oral

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question

Language that creates memorable imagery can call to mind engaging sights, smells, tastes, and sounds. True False

answer

T

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question

The phrase "Her words cut like a knife" is an example of: a. personification. b. metaphor. c. alliteration. d. simile.

answer

simile

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question

The phrase "putting something to bed," as used when finishing a task is an example of a(n): a. imagery. b. antithesis. c. metaphor. d. personification.

answer

personification

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question

We can use alliteration to emphasize an idea, to create a humorous tone, or as a ______ device (a verbal device that makes information easier to remember).

answer

mnemonic

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question

One of the themes of Chapter 11 is that language is ambiguous. True False

answer

T

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question

According to the guidelines for gender-inclusive language the following sentence is problematic: "To properly staff the project a foreman needs to employ properly trained personnel." True False

answer

F

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question

In its most basic sense, language is a(n) ________ symbol system. a. inaccurate and second rate b. uniform and consistent c. organized and learned d. random and contrived

answer

organized and learned

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question

Getting your audience's attention during the introduction of your speech is the only portion of your speech where it is acceptable to be dishonest and unethical as a speaker. True False

answer

F

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question

Establishing _______ in your introduction is important in order to get your audience to believe you during the rest of your speech.

answer

credibility

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question

A(n) ________ is a brief overview in the introduction of a speech of each of the main points in the speech.

answer

preview

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question

Previews are a necessary part of speech introductions because they do all of the following except: a. help your audience organize their thoughts about what they're going to hear. b. prepare your audience for listening to your speech. c. communicate to your audience that you are organized and competent. d. give the audience an opportunity to determine how interested they are in your topic.

answer

give the audience an opportunity to determine how interested they are in your topic.

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question

Asking a rhetorical question during your introduction communicates to the audience that you'd like them to be actively involved in listening to your speech. True False

answer

T

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question

In the context of getting your audience's attention during your introduction, it is okay to tell a great story even if it doesn't directly help introduce your topic. True False

answer

F

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question

Which of the following brings someone else's words into your speech and lends it the credibility of someone more famous or knowledgeable than you? a. Making a startling statement b. Telling a story c. Sharing your expertise d. Reciting a quote

answer

Reciting a quote

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question

When using startling statements in your introduction, it is acceptable to use an offensive statement because that will get your audience involved with your speech very quickly. True False

answer

F

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question

You should write your introduction after you have already written the body of your speech. True False

answer

T

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question

The introduction should be what percentage of your total speech? a. As long as necessary b. 10-15 percent c. Less than 5 percent d. 20-25 percent

answer

10-15 percent

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question

Which of the following is not an effective way to signal your audience that your presentation is ending? a. Begin speaking slower to signal the end. b. Use a concluding transition to signal the end. c. Change your rate of speech to signal the end. d. Use a different tone of voice to signal the end.

answer

Begin speaking slower to signal the end.

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question

A(n) _______ is a concise restatement of your main points at the end of your speech.

answer

summary

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question

When summarizing your main points, you should do all of the following except: a. don't introduce new ideas. b. be sure not to restate too much of your speech. c. use the same kind of language that you used in the body of the speech. d. include minute details the audience may have missed during the body of the speech.

answer

include minute details the audience may have missed during the body of the speech.

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question

It is not a good idea to refer back to your introduction in the conclusion of your speech. True False

answer

F

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question

The conclusion should be what percentage of your total speech? a. Less than 5 percent b. 10-15 percent c. As long as necessary d. 5-10 percent

answer

5-10 percent

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question

Even during the final remarks of your conclusion, you should still be trying to enhance your credibility with your audience. True False

answer

T

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question

In an introduction you should be sure to: Catch the audience's attention; reveal the _____ to the audience; establish credibility with the audience; and preview the speech for the audience.

answer

topic

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question

If you distort your credibility on a subject, your audience is just as likely to believe you or to be influenced by your speech than if you are honest. True False

answer

F

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question

When you use a quotation or poem, be sure it relates directly to your topic or illustrates the ________ of your subject.

answer

importance

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question

An intriguing or startling statement is an excellent way to draw your audience in with: a. the unknown or the curious. b. the strange and the usual. c. the introduction and the conclusion. d. the quote or the poem.

answer

the unknown or the curious.

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question

Tips for preparing an introduction include all of the following except: a. be brief and creative. b. look for introductory materials as you do your research. c. prepare and practice the full introduction in detail. d. remember that all audiences will respond in the same way.

answer

remember that all audiences will respond in the same way.

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question

Your ______ is your final contact with your audience.

answer

conclusion

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question

In a speech about a song, singing part of the song in the introduction would be an example of which of the following? a. Reciting a quote b. Making a startling statement c. Giving a demonstration d. Telling a story

answer

Giving a demonstration

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question

When a speaker refers back to a word, phrase, or idea in the conclusion which was mentioned in the introduction, this technique brings the speech full circle and provides a sense of completeness. True False

answer

T

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question

Tips for preparing a conclusion include all of the following except: a. look for concluding materials as you do your research. b. prepare and practice the full conclusion carefully. c. be creative and brief. d. leave at least one aspect to chance.

answer

leave at least one aspect to chance.

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question

When you restate or rephrase your thesis statement in your conclusion, you _______ your thesis statement.

answer

reinforce

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question

Organizing your speech effectively is an audience-centered responsibility every speaker has. True False

answer

T

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question

The most important, comprehensive ideas that are addressed in your speech are known as the ______.

answer

main points

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Which of the following is a way to determine what the main points of your speech should be? a. Determine if your speech will seem incomplete or nonsensical if you do not include or develop a particular idea. b. Use the material you have that will be the most thought provoking and challenging for your audience. c. Arrange all the research you collected by subject and allow that to guide you towards you potential main points. d. Ask your audience what about your topic they are most interested in.

answer

Determine if your speech will seem incomplete or nonsensical if you do not include or develop a particular idea.

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question

Your specific purpose should contain all of the main points for your speech. True False

answer

F

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question

Speeches arranged in terms of location or direction follow a: a. spatial pattern. b. causal pattern. c. topical pattern. d. chronological pattern.

answer

spatial pattern.

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question

A topical pattern of organization within a speech identifies a specific problem and offers a possible solution. True False

answer

F

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question

Jennifer's speech is on the dangers of using certain chemicals to grow fruits and vegetables and what can be done to stop the use of these chemicals. This is an example of a speech following a: a. causal pattern. b. problem-and-solution pattern. c. spatial pattern. d. chronological pattern

answer

problem-and-solution pattern.

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question

A causal pattern of organization can begin with either the cause or effect as the first main point, depending on the topic and the goal of the speech. True False

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not one of the three keys to developing your main points? a. Separate each main point and don't combine two points into one. b. Identify how your audience will be able to best understand your points. c. Balance your coverage by spending equal time discussing each point. d. Word your points as consistently as possible.

answer

Identify how your audience will be able to best understand your points.

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question

Which of the following is not one of the types of connectives discussed Chapter 9? a. Identifiers b. Transitions c. Internal previews d. Signposts

answer

Identifiers

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question

A word or phrase used to link ideas in a speech is known as a(n) ______

answer

connective.

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question

A phrase that indicates a speaker is finished with one point and moving on to a new one is known as a(n): a. signpost. b. transition. c. internal preview. d. internal summary.

answer

transition

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question

Keys to developing your main points include all of the following except: a. word your points consistently. b. lengthen each point with connectives and transitions. c. devote appropriate coverage to each main point. d. keep each main point separate and distinct.

answer

lengthen each point with connectives and transitions.

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question

A(n) ________ is a statement in the body of a speech that details what the speaker plans to discuss next.

answer

internal preview

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question

Signposts include simple words or phrases that let the audience know where a speaker is in a speech. True False

answer

T

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question

Some speakers prefer note cards to a speaking outline for all of the following reasons except: a. note cards are sturdier and less likely to shake if a speaker's hands tremble. b. note cards are smaller and less obvious than full sheets of paper. c. note cards are stiffer and less likely to give a speaker paper cuts. d. note cards give us something to hold on to, sometimes making us feel a little more secure as we speak.

answer

note cards are stiffer and less likely to give a speaker paper cuts.

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question

Subpoints are words and phrases like "slow down," "pause," "look up," "show visual aid," and "make eye contact." True False

answer

F

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question

When preparing a speaking outline you should use keywords and ________ rather than full sentences.

answer

phrases

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question

Which of the following is true about a preparation outline? a. It prompts the speaker's memory in order to engage the audience directly. b. It should be written in complete sentences. c. It is used to help a speaker remember his or her ideas when speaking. d. It encourages frequent eye contact.

answer

It should be written in complete sentences.

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question

When preparing an outline the process of ranking ideas in order from the most to the least important is called _______

answer

subordination.

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question

If you've just finished an important or complicated point in your speech you might add a(n) _____________ to remind your audience of its highlights.

answer

internal summary

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question

Which of the following could not be used as a transition? a. But let's see b. Now turning to c. Let me share d. In short

answer

In short

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question

You should word your main points ________ so that parallel main points will be clearer and more memorable.

answer

consistently

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question

Phrases such as "in short" and "to summarize" are examples of: a. internal summaries. b. signposts. c. transitions. d. internal previews.

answer

internal summaries.

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question

When organizing a speech in a topical pattern of the principle of recency requires that you put your most important idea first. True False

answer

F

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question

Because your main points are your most important ideas it is important to devote the _________ coverage to each one.

answer

appropriate

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question

_______ is the person who originally developed logos, ethos, and pathos, the three components necessary for sound reasoning.

answer

Aristotle

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question

Ethos refers to: a. the speaker's credibility. b. the emotional appeals made by a speaker. c. the logical arrangement of evidence in a speech. d. the inherent bias carried by the audience.

answer

the speaker's credibility.

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question

The mental leaps we make when we agree that a speaker's evidence supports his or her claims are known as inferences. True False

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not one of the guidelines to follow when using inductive reasoning? a. Make sure you have enough examples to make your claim. b. Support your inductive arguments with statistics or testimony. c. Make sure the audience agrees with your deductions. d. Make sure your generalizations are accurate.

answer

Make sure the audience agrees with your deductions.

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question

Making a(n) __________ results from using too few examples when making a claim.

answer

hasty generalization

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question

Tom's college recently announced that a tuition increase will be enacted for all students the following year. Since Tom will still be in school at that point, the tuition increase will cost Tom more money. This is an example of: a. inductive reasoning. b. causal reasoning. c. analogical reasoning. d. deductive reasoning.

answer

deductive reasoning.

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question

The logical outcome that results from the combination of the major and minor premises is known as the _______.

answer

conclusion

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question

Heather knows that if she stays out late tonight, then she will sleep late tomorrow and be late for work. This is an example of: a. analogical reasoning. b. deductive reasoning. c. inductive reasoning. d. causal reasoning.

answer

causal reasoning.

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question

False cause is an error in reasoning in which a speaker incorrectly assumes that because one event occurred first it caused subsequent events. True False

answer

T

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question

Analogical reasoning is reasoning based on: a. using two conditions or events that resemble each other in ways that are certain to make claims about how they resemble each other in ways that are less certain. b. using cause-and-effect relationships to make a claim. c. using a familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim. d. using specific instances or examples to make a claim about a general conclusion.

answer

using two conditions or events that resemble each other in ways that are certain to make claims about how they resemble each other in ways that are less certain.

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question

A(n) _____ is something that represents something else.

answer

sign

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The process of reasoning that assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened is an example of: a. analogical reasoning. b. reasoning by sign. c. deductive reasoning. d. inductive reasoning.

answer

reasoning by sign.

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question

Reasoning by sign is infallible, as each sign only has one corresponding explanation. True False

answer

F

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question

Stephen Toulmin's model of a sound argument follows which process? a. Claim, Warrant, Backing, Grounds b. Warrant, Claim, Grounds, Backing c. Claim, Grounds, Warrant, Backing d. Warrant, Grounds, Backing, Claim

answer

Claim, Grounds, Warrant, Backing

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question

The audience's view of a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience is known as his or her: a. commitment. b. character. c. competence. d. credibility.

answer

character

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question

It is unethical to make unfounded arguments that could alarm your audiences. True False

answer

T

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question

Reasoning helps an audience make ________ which are the mental leaps we make when we recognize that a speaker's evidence supports his or her claims.

answer

inferences

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question

In the public dialogue an argument is a set of statements that allows you to develop your evidence to establish the emotional appeal of your claim. True False

answer

F

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question

Logos is the emotional appeal made by a speaker. True False

answer

F

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question

________ are exceptions to a rule, unique instances that do not represent the norm.

answer

Anomalies

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question

A minor premise is a claim in an argument that states a familiar, commonly accepted belief (also called the general principle). True False

answer

F

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question

A(n) ________ is an error in reasoning in which a speaker assumes that one event caused another simply because the first event happened before the second.

answer

false cause

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question

Because signs are fallible all of the following guidelines must be used except: a. think about whether an alternative explanation is more credible. b. use emotional appeal when relying on a sign. c. if you can find instances in which a sign does not indicate a particular event, you do not have a solid argument. d. make sure a sign is not just an isolated instance.

answer

use emotional appeal when relying on a sign.

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question

Credibility is an audience's view of a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of a subject. True False

answer

F

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question

Pathos is the third of Aristotle's three types of ______

answer

proof.

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question

You show your character through the honesty and regard for the audience you display. True False

answer

T

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question

An assertion that must be proved is known as a(n): a. objective. b. claim. c. example. d. narrative.

answer

claim.

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question

________ is the materials used to support a speaker's ideas.

answer

Evidence

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question

Examples are a type of supporting material that: a. use specific instances to illustrate concepts, experiences, or problems. b. re-create or foretell stories of real or hypothetical events. c. give opinions or observations of others. d. provide an exact meaning of words or phrases.

answer

use specific instances to illustrate concepts, experiences, or problems.

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question

Examples can be used in public speaking to clarify concepts, but not to elicit emotions from the audience. True False

answer

F

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question

In his speech on the effects of Hurricane Katrina, James incorporates the story of a fictional family throughout his speech to help draw his audience in emotionally. This would be an example of a(n): a. extended narrative. b. expert testimony. c. personal testimony. d. brief narrative.

answer

extended narrative.

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question

Using narratives is a good way to emotionally draw your audience into your speech. True False

answer

T

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question

When stories reference other stories or rely on parts of other stories to be complete, this is known as ________

answer

intertextuality.

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question

Citing that 4 out of 5 dentists recommend a certain toothpaste is an example of a: a. definition. b. testimony. c. narrative. d. statistic.

answer

statistic.

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question

When citing statistics in your speech, reporting the average of a group of numbers is also known as reporting the: a. median. b. mean. c. meridian. d. mode.

answer

mean.

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question

The _______ is the middle number in a series or set of numbers arranged in a rank order.

answer

median

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question

Since statistics are numerical summaries based on fact, they can never be used unethically within a speech. True False

answer

F

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question

____________ is a source of evidence where speakers use the opinions or observations of others.

answer

Testimony

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Testimony of someone who has firsthand knowledge of a topic is known as: a. personal testimony. b. secondhand testimony. c. expert testimony. d. peer testimony.

answer

peer testimony.

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A paraphrase is a summary of someone's testimony in the speaker's own words. True False

answer

T

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question

An objective source of testimony is someone who has an unreasoned distortion or judgment about a topic. True False

answer

F

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The connotative definition of a word or phrase is: a. the definition based on personal experiences and beliefs. b. the definition as you think your audience will understand it. c. the definition as you would find it in the dictionary. d. the definition that is morally and ethically acceptable to use.

answer

the definition based on personal experiences and beliefs.

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Generally, real examples are more credible than hypothetical examples and convey a sense of immediacy. True False

answer

T

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question

Examples can be used for all of the following except: a. to bring concepts to life or to elicit emotions. b. to build your case or make credible generalizations. c. to reinforce points. d. to make an audience believe a hypothetical story is true.

answer

to make an audience believe a hypothetical story is true.

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______________ are specific instances that contradict your claims.

answer

Counterexamples

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The unreasoned distortion of judgment or prejudice about a topic is called______

answer

bias

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A definition is a statement of the approximate meaning of a word or phrase. True False

answer

F

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question

The history of a word is called its: a. etymology. b. definition. c. denotative meaning. d. connotative meaning.

answer

etymology.

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question

Three general guidelines for citing sources during your speech which rely on ethical principles and an audience-centered approach include all of the following except: a. giving specific information about your source. b. delivering all information accurately. c. giving credit to others. d. giving page numbers and place of publication.

answer

giving page numbers and place of publication.

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Proper meaning ________ is a term that was coined by I. A. Richards and C. K. Ogden in the late 1920s, and is the belief that everyone attaches the same meaning to a word and that you are using that meaning. a. situation b. denotation c. superstition d. connotation

answer

superstition

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Subjective is having a fair, ethical, and undistorted view on a question or issue. True False

answer

F

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question

Audiences will remember most of the stories you tell, but they will have a harder time remembering the numbers therefore you should use statistics ______.

answer

sparingly

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question

Facts, examples, and evidence used in a speech to supplement your own opinions are known as _______

answer

supporting materials.

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Which of the following is not a strategy to consider when organizing your supporting materials? a. Assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the information you find. b. Deciding how the audience will react to the information you find. c. Determining what types of information you need to gather. d. Identifying where you might find the information.

answer

Deciding how the audience will react to the information you find.

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A research inventory is a list of the types of information you have and the types you want to find. True False

answer

T

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question

Personal experience is not a source you should use in doing research on your speech topic. True False

answer

F

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The major weakness of the Internet as a research tool is: a. viruses and pop-ups make searching the Internet dangerous. b. it is limited to those who have the technology to access it. c. it is sometimes hard to access information because of the number of people logged on to the Internet at any one time. d. information on the Internet may be unreliable, inaccurate, or heavily biased.

answer

information on the Internet may be unreliable, inaccurate, or heavily biased.

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question

The ______ is probably the most comprehensive tool for gathering materials, as it incorporates a number of different media and sources of information

answer

library

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question

Collections of information stored electronically so they are easy to find and retrieve are known as __________.

answer

databases

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When looking for a specific source of information such as the title of a particular journal, you should use a(n): a. bibliographic database. b. shared research database. c. index database. d. full-text database.

answer

bibliographic database.

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question

A summary of the text in an article or publication is known as a(n) ________.

answer

abstract

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question

A full-text database is an alphabetical listing of the topics discussed in a specific publication, along with the corresponding year, volume, and page numbers. True False

answer

F

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question

The best place to look for statistics on population and employment rates is: a. full-text database. b. government documents. c. bibliographic database. d. reference works.

answer

government documents.

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question

Conducting an interview as part of your research is as simple as asking questions and getting answers. True False

answer

F

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question

The two components of preparing for interviews are ________ and ________.

answer

designing the questions, deciding how to record the interview

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A(n) ________ is a type of interview question that fills out or follows up an answer to a previous question.

answer

probe

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question

Constructing a complete speech that you present as your own from portions of several different sources is defined as: a. incidental plagiarism. b. incremental plagiarism. c. global plagiarism. d. patchwork plagiarism.

answer

patchwork plagiarism

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A preliminary bibliography is a list of all the potential sources you'll use as you prepare your speech. True False

answer

T

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question

Before you begin your research in earnest you should start by asking yourself all of the following questions except: a. What statistics can I modify to prove my main points? b. What kinds of testimony will my audience want to hear? c. What examples and stories do I have? d. What terms and phrases can I define clearly on my own?

answer

What statistics can I modify to prove my main points?

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question

A(n) ___________ is a list of the types of information you have and the types you want to find which helps you focus your research efforts and identify areas that need special attention.

answer

research inventory

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question

The World Wide Web is an electronic communications network that links computer networks around the world via telephone lines, cables, and communication satellites. True False

answer

F

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question

_________ is when we take in more information than we can process but realize there still is more information we are expected to know.

answer

Information overload

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question

Some of the things to keep in mind when evaluating internet information include the following except: a. whether or not the information is current. b. whether or not the information is authoritative. c. whether or not the information may be used without citing the source. d. whether or not the information is reliable.

answer

whether or not the information may be used without citing the source.

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question

If you are new to library research or are unfamiliar with the library you will be using, you should schedule a tour of the library before you begin your research. True False

answer

T

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question

___________ are words you can use to create specific phrases that broaden or narrow your search on the Internet.

answer

Boolean Operators

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question

Almanacs are collections of facts on various subjects, such as the depth of Lake Michigan.

answer

F

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question

Which of the following are works that explain how to do something or how an organization operates? a. Quotation dictionaries b. Reviews c. Yearbooks d. Manuals

answer

Manuals

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question

Incremental plagiarism or presenting select portions from a single speech as your own is not as unethical as global plagiarism. True False

answer

F

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question

An informative speech is when a speaker supports his or her opinions on a subject with proven and irrefutable facts. True False

answer

F

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question

An informative speaking environment is created when a speaker has expertise or knowledge that an audience needs but doesn't already have. True False

answer

T

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question

An informative speech describing how to apply to law school would be an example of a: a. speech about a concept. b. speech about a process. c. speech about a place. d. speech about a person.

answer

speech about a process.

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question

Because speeches about processes describe a step-by-step progression of something, they are almost always arranged _________.

answer

chronologically.

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question

A speech that describes or explains a significant or unusual occurrence is known as a speech about a(n) ________.

answer

event.

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question

During a speech about a person, you won't have enough time to discuss all there is to know about the person, so the goal of your speech should be to capture the spirit of the person you are discussing. True False

answer

T

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question

An informative speech on Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court, is an example of a: a. speech about a person. b. speech about a concept. c. speech about an event. d. speech about a process.

answer

speech about a person.

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question

Speeches about places must always be arranged spatially. True False

answer

F

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question

An informative speech about anything that is tangible and can be perceived by the senses is known as a: a. speech about a concept. b. speech about a process. c. speech about an object. d. speech about a person.

answer

speech about an object.

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question

A speech about poverty in the United States would be an example of a speech about a(n) _______

answer

concept

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question

If your speech topic examines how something has developed over time or certain steps that must be taken in a process, you will need to organize your speech using a: a. topical pattern. b. spatial pattern. c. chronological pattern. d. causal pattern.

answer

chronological pattern.

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question

An informative speech that explains how school violence is a result of student frustration and resentment is an example of a: a. topical pattern. b. chronological pattern. c. causal pattern. d. spatial pattern.

answer

causal pattern.

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question

When giving an informative speech, you should adhere to all of the following guidelines except: a. tailor the information in your speech to your audience in terms of what information they need to know and what is unnecessary. b. avoid personal stories or examples. c. bring your topic to life by making it engaging and relevant for your audience. d. use language that is clear and unbiased.

answer

avoid personal stories or examples.

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question

You should always provide your audience with definitions for new terminology they may not be familiar with. True False

answer

T

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question

In order to be an ethical public speaker, you should do all of the following except: a. present an unbiased perspective on your topic. b. present your information honestly by not distorting evidence or making up supporting materials. c. remain audience centered by eliminating any information they may find disturbing or that may conflict with what they believe. d. provide your audience with accurate and complete information.

answer

remain audience centered by eliminating any information they may find disturbing or that may conflict with what they believe.

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question

It is acceptable to incorporate personal experiences into an informative speech as long as you refrain from using biased language. True False

answer

T

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question

The _________ allows you to address topics logically in terms of location or direction.

answer

spatial pattern

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question

All of the following are tips for bringing informative speeches to life except: a. use statistics and numbers to quantify a mean, median, and mode. b. use language that is vivid. c. tailor your information to your audience. d. use language that is clear and unbiased.

answer

use statistics and numbers to quantify a mean, median, and mode.

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question

Ethical informative speakers make sure their speeches are based on careful research, may use biased information, and must at least appear honest in the presentation of information. True False

answer

F

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question

An informative speech about how a civil case rises through the judicial system to reach the United States Supreme Court is a: a. speech about a process. b. speech about an object. c. speech about a person. d. speech about a concept.

answer

speech about a process.

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question

An informative speech about the gradual evolution of American beliefs on the subject of Global Warming is an example of a: a. spatial pattern. b. causal pattern. c. topical pattern. d. chronological pattern.

answer

chronological pattern.

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question

The following are all examples of informative speaking environments except: a. a bank manager speaking about balancing a check book to a group of middle school students. b. a hospital chaplain speaking about end of life issues to a terminally ill patient's family. c. an astronaut speaking about space exploration at a space camp. d. a firefighter demonstrating to her colleagues about basic rescue skills.

answer

a firefighter demonstrating to her colleagues about basic rescue skills.

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question

When you use causal patterns, you inform your audience about certain problems and offer a solution. True False

answer

F

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question

Speeches about ________ are about abstractions, things you can't perceive with your senses, such as ideas, theories, principles, worldviews, or beliefs.

answer

concepts

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question

Informative speakers may attempt to invite an audience or persuade an audience into dialogue in a conversational style. True False

answer

F

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question

The five types of informative speeches most common in public speaking classes and the workplace are speeches about processes, events, places and people, objects, and concepts. True False

answer

T

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question

_______ is the interaction, connection, and exchange of ideas and opinions with others.

answer

Dialogue

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question

A speaker who is audience centered only says things that the audience agrees with or wants to hear. True False

answer

F

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question

The significant positions a person occupies within a society that affect that person's identity in almost all social situations are known as: a. audience traits. b. master statuses. c. personal identity. d. identity markers.

answer

master statuses.

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question

A person's idea of what is good, worthy, or important is known as her or his: a. attitude. b. value. c. standpoint. d. belief.

answer

value.

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question

John has argued with his friends on several occasions that the 1969 moon landing was faked and that no one has ever actually been to the moon. This is an example of a(n): a. belief. b. standpoint. c. value. d. attitude.

answer

belief.

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question

Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own cultural perspectives, norms, and ways of organizing society are superior to others. True False

answer

T

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question

One method of determining the master statuses of an audience is to conduct a: a. demographic audience analysis. b. listener-viewer measurement analysis. c. common progression analysis. d. structured belief analysis.

answer

demographic audience analysis.

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question

In audience analysis surveys, close-ended questions allow respondents to answer in an unrestricted way. True False

answer

F

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question

A broad generalization about an entire group based on limited knowledge or exposure to only certain members of that group is known as a(n) ____________.

answer

stereotype

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question

If you are the last speaker, or near the end of a series, you should try to use your speech to reenergize the audience and redirect their focus as needed. True False

answer

T

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question

The time and place that a speaker will give his or her speech is known as the speaking environment. True False

answer

T

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question

In the context of public speaking, the term "technology" refers to the tools that help a speaker deliver a message, including everything from computers to the chalkboard. True False

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not one of the three important time considerations to think about when making a speech? a. The time of day. b. The speaking order. c. How long you can speak before getting fatigued. d. How much time you will have to speak.

answer

How long you can speak before getting fatigued.

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question

Audience members come to public speaking events with expectations already formed regarding the form of the speech, the credibility of the speaker, and how the speaker will interact with the audience. True False

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not a strategy for staying audience centered during question-and-answer sessions? a. Recognize what motivates an audience to attack or challenge a speaker. b. Consider why people ask questions. c. Analyze the demographic make-up of the audience to determine how to minimize the number of questions that will be asked. d. Identify what the motivations are for people to participate.

answer

Analyze the demographic make-up of the audience to determine how to minimize the number of questions that will be asked.

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question

For the purpose of this public speaking text, audience is defined as: a. a complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses. b. people who gather for a formal hearing. c. a group of like minded individuals gathered to listen to a speech. d. a group of one's peers assembled for a speech.

answer

a complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses.

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question

_______ is the perspective from which a person views and evaluates society.

answer

Standpoint

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question

In audience-centered speaking issues of time are also sometimes called __________.

answer

chronemics

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question

Audience-centered speakers adapt to audience expectations. These expectations focus on all of the following except: a. how qualified and believable the speaker is. b. the time of day. c. the form of the speech. d. the speaker's ability to lead discussions.

answer

the time of day.

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question

When it comes to the form of a speech, audiences expect a speech to follow a certain structural progression.

answer

structural

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question

To help audiences understand you, encourage them to move beyond simply defining you by your master statuses by asking them to recognize you as a(n): a. expert. b. qualified speaker. c. unique individual. d. member of their group.

answer

unique individual

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question

An example of an open-ended question is "Do you support the president's policy on the war in Iraq?" True False

answer

False

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question

People who make up audiences are unique for a variety of reasons that relate to some combination of all of the following except: a. culture. b. location and time of speech. c. upbringing and experiences. d. personality and genetics.

answer

location and time of speech.

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question

A(n) _______ is a general positive or negative feeling a person has about something. Attitudes reflect our likes and dislikes, our approval or disapproval of events, people, or ideas

answer

attitude

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question

Although audiences begin with individuals who bring various standpoints to a presentation, they rapidly become a(n) ________ of people joined together in some way, if only temporarily.

answer

community

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question

Examples of voluntary audiences are students in required public speaking courses and employees in mandatory business meetings. True False

answer

F

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question

Within which context is public speaking the most restricted in terms of topic, length, and goal? a. Being required to give a speech. b. Being asked to give a speech. c. Spontaneously giving a speech. d. Deciding to give a speech.

answer

Being required to give a speech.

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question

Within a public speaking class, it's more important to worry about finding a topic the other students will appreciate and not worry as much about the instructor. True False

answer

F

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question

Because they are given in a classroom setting, assigned speeches usually have several constraints including: a pre-selected purpose, _______, a highly structured assignment, and class members as an audience

answer

time limits

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question

Speech topics should be restricted to issues you are knowledgeable about, and not topics that you are curious about or have not explored previously. True False

answer

F

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question

Within which context in public speaking are we recognized as experts, or at least as someone who has information others want? a. Deciding to give a speech. b. Being asked to give a speech. c. Being required to give a speech. d. Spontaneously giving a speech.

answer

Being asked to give a speech

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question

Expertise on a particular subject only comes from study and research. True False

answer

F

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question

Even if you know a lot about your speech topic, you should still do research in order to discover interesting facts and perspectives you may not have been aware of. True False

answer

T

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question

The process of generating ideas randomly, without attention to logic or relevance is known as _________.

answer

brainstorming

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question

The practice of unstructured writing or typing to free-associate words in long strings of potential topics ideas is known as: a. brainstorming by technology. b. brainstorming by categories. c. brainstorming by clustering. d. brainstorming by free association.

answer

brainstorming by free association.

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question

Using search engines on the Internet is not a good source for brainstorming ideas because of the abundance of material you will find. True False

answer

F

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question

The general purpose of a speech on the history of the saxophone would be: a. to persuade. b. to inform. c. to introduce. d. to accept.

answer

to inform

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question

In this example, the specific purpose of the speech would be, "To ________ my audience why the next car they purchase should be a hybrid."

answer

persuade

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question

The specific purpose of a speech can be compared to a road map for where the speech is headed. True False

answer

T

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question

The behavioral objectives of a speech are: a. the actions the speaker wants the audience to take at the end of her or his speech. b. matching the tone and style of a speech to the setting. c. how the speaker wants to act during her or his speech. d. how the speaker wants the audience to react during her or his speech.

answer

the actions the speaker wants the audience to take at the end of her or his speech.

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question

The statement, "I want to persuade my audience to use public transportation around campus" is an example of: a. general purpose. b. behavioral objective. c. specific purpose. d. thesis statement.

answer

specific purpose.

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question

Your specific purpose statement should always start with an infinitive phrase such as to inform or to introduce. True False

answer

T

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question

The general purpose to __________ includes the overall goals of praise, honor, and paying tribute

answer

commemorate

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question

When preparing a speech you should always keep your audience: a. at arms length. b. contained within the context of your subject matter. c. guessing what comes next. d. in the forefront of your mind.

answer

in the forefront of your mind.

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Your specific purpose statement should clearly identify whom you are speaking to through phases such as "my audience" or "my coworkers." True False

answer

T

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question

A(n) __________ is a single declarative sentence that summarizes the main ideas of a speech.

answer

thesis statement

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question

The following is an example of a behavioral objective: a. I want to persuade my audience that voting is important. b. I want to get my audience to register to vote. c. I want to describe the voting process. d. I want to inform my audience of the history of voting.

answer

I want to get my audience to register to vote.

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question

Specific speaking purposes help you _________ the focus of your speech.

answer

narrow

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question

Brainstorming by categories is an excellent way to generate a speech topic because it provides less structure than free association or clustering. True False

answer

F

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question

An unfailing sense of direction, knowing the right gift to buy for any occasion, and telling jokes that make people laugh are three examples of less obvious ways of being a(n) expert.

answer

expert

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question

When matching your interests to a particular assigned speech, you must determine what they are. Your interests may be divided into one of the following categories except: a. what you would have liked to give a speech about. b. what you like to do. c. what you like to talk about. d. what you would like to know more about.

answer

what you would have liked to give a speech about.

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question

The most common reason to speak is because we find an issue so important or our experience so relevant that we decide to speak about it. True False

answer

T

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question

Identifying the ________ in which you speak publicly will help you understand the connection between why we speak publicly and what we speak about.

answer

context

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question

Small group speaking isn't a type of speaking but rather a speech setting. True False

answer

T

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question

Which of the following is not a goal of invitational speaking? a. To share beliefs and values b. To clarify positions c. To recognize achievement d. To explore issues and ideas

answer

To recognize achievement

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question

___________ speeches are used to change or reinforce the ways that other people think or behave.

answer

Persuasive

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question

One of the major ethical responsibilities of persuasive speaking is to ensure that you present your position fairly without omitting any important details or facts. True False

answer

T

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question

An introductory speech is used when a person, event, place, or idea is being praised or honored. True False

answer

T

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question

The canons of rhetoric consist of how many basic steps? a. Three b. Five c. Six d. Four

answer

Five

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question

The ___________ is a focused statement which includes exactly what you hope to accomplish with your audience in the time you have to speak.

answer

specific purpose

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question

Numerical summaries of facts, figures, and research findings that quantify, estimate, measure, and represent events, issues, positions, actions, beliefs, and the like are called _______.

answer

statistics

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question

Considerations and guidelines for using language effectively, appropriately, and ethically in the speech process are the focus of which canon? a. The canon of arrangement b. The canon of memory c. The canon of invention d. The canon of style

answer

The canon of style

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question

_____________________ is the level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with others.

answer

Communication apprehension

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question

People who become nervous about speaking in any situation are said to have which of the following? a. Trait anxiety b. State anxiety c. Situational anxiety d. Systematic anxiety

answer

Trait anxiety

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question

Researching your topic thoroughly can help reduce speech anxiety. True False

answer

T

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question

In terms of delivering a speech, which of the following is a realistic goal for beginning speakers to have? a. Avoid saying "um" and "uh" at all. b. Eliminate signs of nervousness such as blushing or sweating. c. Make eye contact with more than one person. d. Refer to your notes as little as possible

answer

Make eye contact with more than one person.

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question

The more details you incorporate into your visualization of a good speech, the more effective it can be at reducing apprehension. True False

answer

T

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question

Systematic desensitization is a process that helps to reduce speech anxiety through which of the following methods? a. Making you care less about the consequences of your speech. b. Teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful. c. Helping to make the situation seem less serious than it may be. d. Learning to concentrate on something other than the speech you are giving.

answer

Teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful.

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question

Replacing negative thoughts such as, "I know I'll get up there and make a fool of myself" with more positive thoughts (also known as affirmations) such as, "I am capable of giving a wonderful speech. I know lots of strategies to do so." is known as ____________

answer

cognitive restructuring.

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question

One way to reduce some of the nervousness connected to our view of the audience is to find points of _________ between ourselves and the audience.

answer

connection

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question

Being a supportive member of an audience includes all of the following except: a. sitting with an attentive and alert posture. b. making eye contact with the speaker while listening to a speech. c. seeking ways to give verbal feedback during the body of the speech. d. asking relevant questions of the speaker when the speech is over.

answer

seeking ways to give verbal feedback during the body of the speech.

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question

Communication apprehension is a level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons. True False

answer

T

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question

Communication ___________ is a level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons.

answer

apprehension

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question

The canon of memory is: a. guidelines for managing your voice, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and presentational aids as you give your speech. b. guidelines for remembering the key points of a speech while attending as an audience member. c. guidelines for your effort to rehearse a speech and the ways you prompt yourself to remember the speech as you give it. d. guidelines for writing and delivering a manuscript style speech.

answer

guidelines for your effort to rehearse a speech and the ways you prompt yourself to remember the speech as you give it.

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question

Examples are specific instances used to illustrate a concept, experience, issue, or problem.

answer

Examples

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question

Speeches to invite: a. acquaint an audience with someone, something, or some event. b. share with an audience praise, honor, tribute, or recognition for a person, event, an idea or institution. c. gain a fuller understanding of all perspectives by establishing a dialogue with your audience in order to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs or values. d. advocate or encourage an audience to adopt a particular view, position, or plan.

answer

gain a fuller understanding of all perspectives by establishing a dialogue with your audience in order to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas, or share beliefs or values.

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question

An acceptance speech is a speech that praises, honors, recognizes, or pays tribute to a person, an event, an idea, or an institution. True False

answer

F

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question

A(n) ________ speech gives an audience a compelling perspective of the speaker or another person or that welcomes the audience to an event and familiarizes them with it. a. introductory b. persuasive c. commemorative d. acceptance

answer

introductory

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question

At a special occasion which of the following types of speeches would be appropriate? a. A persuasive speech b. An invitational speech c. A commemorate speech d. An informative speech

answer

A commemorate speech

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question

Public speaking is a skill that is ________, even for renowned speakers such as Abraham Lincoln and Martin Luther King Jr. a. natural b. learned c. spontaneous d. difficult

answer

learned

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question

A ________ is the ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions, and is in contrast with the view of public speaking as a contest or a battle.

answer

public dialogue

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A civil and ethical approach to public speaking often is the most powerful way to present your views. True False

answer

T

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Cultural backgrounds, such as nationality and ethnicity, do not play a factor in the communication process. True False

answer

F

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Communication styles differ across cultures. For example, research on Native American cultures found that having multiple perspectives on an issue is ________ and competition is ________. a. unusual, desired b. normal, required c. welcomed, discouraged d. intolerable, avoided

answer

welcomed, discouraged

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Researchers estimate that ________ of our day is spent listening to others communicate. a. 10-20 percent b. 50-60 percent c. 70-80 percent d. 30-40 percent

answer

70-80 percent

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Which of the following is communication that takes place among members of a team or a collective about topics such as goals, strategies, and conflict? a. Interpersonal communication b. Mass communication c. Intrapersonal communication d. Group communication

answer

Group communication

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In the case of public communication, a speaker addressing an audience is not responsible for responding to audience questions and feedback. True False

answer

F

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Which of the following is the most important to consider when crafting a message intended for a public speaking engagement? a. The situation b. The time c. The topic d. The audience

answer

The audience

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To be audience centered is to be considerate of the positions, beliefs, values, and needs of an audience.

answer

audience centered

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The verbal and nonverbal signals an audience gives a speaker are called Feedback.

answer

Feedback

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Translating ideas and feelings into words, sounds, and gestures is known as encoding. True False

answer

T

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Something that interferes with a message being communicated is known as what? a. Decoding b. Channel c. Feedback d. Noise

answer

Noise

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The context is the environment or situation in which a speech occurs.

answer

context

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Public communication occurs when communication is generated by media organizations for consumption by large audiences. True False

answer

F

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As a member of a larger social community, it is important to voice your opinion for all of the following reasons except: a. to answer claims or statements made by those who have spoken before us. b. to ensure that all views on an issue are heard and every idea is discussed at length. c. to offer our audience ideas for consideration. d. to stimulate public dialogue.

answer

to ensure that all views on an issue are heard and every idea is discussed at length.

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The message is the information being conveyed by the speaker to the audience.

answer

message

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We can view public speaking not only as engaging in a public argument but also as participating in ________. a. a private debate b. an exercise of wills c. a public dialogue d. a personal negotiation

answer

a public dialogue

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The public dialogue is the ________ exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public. a. aggressive and ruthless b. free flowing and creative c. open and orderly d. ethical and civil

answer

ethical and civil

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When we give or listen to speeches, we bring our cultural styles with us. True False

answer

T

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Which of the following is communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads? a. Intrapersonal communication b. Interpersonal communication c. Group communication d. Mass communication

answer

Intrapersonal communication

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Intrapersonal communication is communication with other people that ranges from the highly personal to the highly impersonal. True False

answer

F

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Unlike casual conversations with friends and family, public speaking contains a ________ that add a level of responsibility not found in most other everyday interactions. a. looseness and flexibility b. beginning and ending c. rhyme and reason d. structure and purpose

answer

structure and purpose

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Civility in public speaking does not include: a. thoughtful use of words and language. b. portraying opposing positions in a contest of ideas. c. flexibility to see many sides of an issue. d. listening to the ideas and reasoning of others.

answer

portraying opposing positions in a contest of ideas.

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As audience members when we receive the message, we _________ it, or translate words, sounds, and gestures into ideas and feelings in an attempt to understand the message.

answer

decode

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The ________ is the means by which the message is conveyed. a. decoding b. noise c. feedback d. channel

answer

channel

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Three of the most basic contexts for us to speak in public do not include which of the following? a. Speaking extemporaneously. b. Speaking on matters of importance. c. Speaking as required by school or work. d. Speaking about our experience or expertise.

answer

Speaking extemporaneously.

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Persuasive communication messages can be anything from radio advertisements to a group of friends deciding where to have lunch.

answer

T

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A persuasive speech that addresses whether something is true or not is an example of a:

answer

question of fact.

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A speech aimed at persuading an audience that old-growth forests are worth protecting is an example of a question of ______.

answer

value

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A persuasive speech that addresses the best course of action or the best solution to a problem is a:

answer

question of policy.

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Which of the following is not an organizational pattern that can be used with speeches on questions of value? a. Chronological organization b. Causal organization c. Topical organization d. Spatial organization

answer

Causal organization

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When your goal is to motivate an audience to engage in a specific behavior or take a specific action, that is known as attempting to gain immediate action. True False

answer

T

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When you want to gain passive agreement, your goal is to ask your audience to adopt a new position on the topic, while at the same time acting in support of that position. True False

answer

F

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An organizational pattern that focuses on persuading an audience that a specific problem exists and can be solved or minimized by a specific solution is known as: a. Monroe's motivated sequence. b. problem-cause-solution organization. c. problem-solution organization. d. comparative advantages organization.

answer

problem-solution organization.

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The comparative advantages organizational pattern for persuasive speeches illustrates the advantages of one solution over others. True False

answer

T

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Monroe's motivated sequence is a process that can be broken down into five basic elements including Attention, _______ Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action.

answer

Monroe's motivated sequence is a process that can be broken down into five basic elements including Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, and Action.

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In this step of Monroe's motivated sequence, you define what the specific solution is to the issue and why it solves the problem. a. Action b. Attention c. Visualization d. Satisfaction

answer

Satisfaction

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Which of the following is not a guideline for giving an effective persuasive speech? a. Use evidence fairly and strategically. b. Use language that respectfully motivates your audience to change. c. Be realistic about changing your audience's views. d. Avoid topics that may be controversial in order to maintain the goodwill of your audience.

answer

Avoid topics that may be controversial in order to maintain the goodwill of your audience.

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A two-sided message is a persuasive strategy that addresses both sides of an issue evenly to allow the audience to determine which side they support. True False

answer

F

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A(n) ________ is an argument against the speaker's own position.

answer

counterargument

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In persuasive speaking, a fear appeal is the threat that something undesirable will happen if change does not occur. True False

answer

T

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An ethical persuasive speaker should always ask herself or himself if the request they are making of the audience is reasonable and how the change will affect them. True False

answer

T

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In a persuasive speech which attempts to gain immediate action you will need a clear ___________.

answer

call to action

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A persuasive speech attempting to show that most of the problems caused by traditional chemotherapy can be easily avoided by holistic medical care is organized in the following pattern: a. Monroe's motivated sequence. b. comparative advantages organization. c. problem-cause-solution organization. d. problem-solution organization.

answer

problem-cause-solution organization.

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A comparative advantages organization illustrates a sequential process used to persuade audiences by gaining attention, demonstrating need, satisfying the need, visualizing beneficial results and calling for action. True False

answer

F

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A(n) ___________ is a persuasive strategy that addresses both sides of an issue, refuting one side to prove the other is better.

answer

two-sided message

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An ethical persuasive speaker should always ask herself or himself, "What is my position on this topic and will it interfere with my specific purpose"? True False

answer

F

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A persuasive speech is a speech that attempts to change or __________ an audience's thoughts, feelings, or actions.

answer

reinforce

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When your goal is to ask an audience to adapt to a new position without asking them to act in support of that position you are attempting to gain ______________

answer

passive agreement.

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When the audience agrees with you about a problem but feels the solution is up for debate an excellent choice for organization of your speech might be: a. Monroe's motivated sequence organization. b. problem-solution organization. c. comparative advantages organization. d. problem-cause-solution organization

answer

comparative advantages organization.

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If the speaker addresses two sides of an issue, refuting one side to prove that the other is better, she or he is offering a(n) __________ message.

answer

two-sided

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A question of fact addresses whether something is ________ true or not.

answer

verifiably

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The term Aristotle used to describe a speaker's credibility is: a. logos. b. ethos. c. mythos. d. pathos.

answer

ethos.

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When you present new information to your audience instead of well-known information, research has shown that you may lose your audience's attention. True False

answer

F

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To enhance the credibility of a source used in a persuasive speech, you should provide all the information necessary for your audience to access the source on their own, including dates, credentials, and other significant information. True False

answer

T

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The audience's perception of a speaker's competence and character are known as his or her ___________.

answer

credibility

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________ credibility is the credibility a speaker has before giving a speech.

answer

Initial

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Terminal credibility is credibility a speaker develops during a speech. True False

answer

F

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Which of the following is not one of the three ways to build your credibility during your speech? a. Deliver your speech fluently with expression and conviction. b. Establish common ground with your audience. c. Explain your competence as you begin your speech. d. Use humor or entertaining stories to relax your audience.

answer

Use humor or entertaining stories to relax your audience.

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Primary emotions, which research has shown tend to be expressed similarly across cultures, include all of the following except: a. sadness. b. guilt. c. disgust. d. surprise.

answer

guilt.

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The use of overly graphic visual or verbal appeals has been shown to be extremely effective in "shocking" audiences into seeing a new perspective on an issue. True False

answer

F

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An argument that seems valid but is flawed because of unsound evidence or reasoning is known as a(n) _______.

answer

fallacy

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An argument in which a speaker attacks a person rather than that person's arguments is known as which type of fallacy? a. Red herring fallacy b. Either-or fallacy c. Slippery Slope fallacy d. Ad hominem fallacy

answer

Ad hominem fallacy

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The ________ fallacy occurs when a speaker argues that something is correct or good based on the observation that everyone else agrees with it or is doing it.

answer

bandwagon

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An either-or fallacy is an argument in which the speaker claims our options are "either A or B," when actually more than two options exist. True False

answer

T

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An argument that introduces irrelevant information into an argument to distract an audience from the real issue is known as a(n): a. red herring fallacy. b. bandwagon fallacy. c. ad hominem fallacy. d. slippery slope fallacy.

answer

red herring fallacy

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In her speech opposing sex education in schools, Loni argues that teaching sexual education will lead to more students having sex, which will lead to more teen pregnancies, which will lead to higher drop-out rates. This is an example of a(n): a. red herring fallacy. b. bandwagon fallacy. c. slippery slope fallacy. d. either-or fallacy.

answer

slippery slope fallacy.

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question

Because emotional appeals engage an audience personally, you'll want to consider using all of these aspects of emotional appeals, except: a. vivid language. b. extremely graphic violence. c. audience centeredness. d. a balance of emotion and reason.

answer

extremely graphic violence.

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_____ is an audience's view of a speaker's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience.

answer

Character

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Derived credibility is an audience's view of a speaker's intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of a subject. True False

answer

F

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________ are similarities, shared interests, and mutual perspectives a speaker has with an audience. a. Common ground b. Terminal credibility c. Derived credibility d. Points of convergence

answer

Common ground

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_______ is the word Aristotle used to refer to the logical arrangement of evidence in a speech.

answer

Logos

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question

The secondary emotions include all of the following except: a. guilt. b. reverence. c. pride. d. shame.

answer

reverence.

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question

One of the reasons that Martin Luther King Jr. is considered one of the most influential speakers of the twentieth century is the ________ language he used to create images for his audiences.

answer

vivid

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In persuasive speaking, you make appeals to emotions to accomplish all of the following goals except: a. expressing personal doubts. b. calling to action or commemorate memorably. c. gaining attention and motivate listening. d. reinforcing points.

answer

expressing personal doubts.

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question

When you speak persuasively, seek a balance between reason and emotion. True False

answer

T

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When you appeal to mythos in a speech, stay audience centered and keep in mind that members of your audience may have different ________ myths.

answer

cultural

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question

A speech designed to welcome and familiarize the audience with an event is a: a. speech of commemoration. b. speech of acceptance. c. speech to entertain. d. .

answer

speech of introduction

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question

Which of the following is not one of the three goals of a speech of introduction? a. Determine what the audience knows and does not know about the person, event, or both. b. Generate enthusiasm for the person, event, or both. c. Acquaint the audience with a person, event, or both. d. Establish the credibility of the person or event being introduced.

answer

a. Determine what the audience knows and does not know about the person, event, or both.

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question

When introducing another person, you should still introduce yourself and state your credentials. True False

answer

T

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For a speech of introduction, you should adhere to all of the following guidelines except: a. be accurate and do research if necessary. b. be thorough by including lengthy stories and detailed explanations. c. be brief and concise. d. be appropriate in terms of content and language.

answer

b. be thorough by including lengthy stories and detailed explanations.

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question

A successful introductory speech rarely lasts more than three to four minutes. True False

answer

T

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question

Speeches of _______ praise, honor, recognize, or pay tribute to a person, event, idea, or institution.

answer

commemoration

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A speech of tribute is given to present a specific award to someone and describe why that person is receiving the award. True False

answer

F

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A speech recognizing Rosa Parks for her role in the civil rights movement would be a: a. speech of commemoration. b. speech to entertain. c. speech of introduction. d. speech of acceptance.

answer

a. speech of commemoration.

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Unlike speeches to inform or persuade, in commemorative speeches it is acceptable to alter the truth to make a story more exciting. True False

answer

F

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question

A(n) _______ speech is a speech that acknowledges gratitude, appreciation, and pleasure at receiving an honor or gift.

answer

acceptance

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Which of the following would you give after winning an award? a. Speech of acceptance b. Speech of commemoration c. Speech to entertain d. Speech of introduction

answer

a. Speech of acceptance

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Which of the following is not one of the guidelines to follow in order to give an effective speech of acceptance? a. Understand the purpose of the award. b. Recognize others who have been especially supportive or helpful. c. Be spontaneous in order to avoid sounding rehearsed or over-prepared. d. Respect the time limits that are determined by the situation or event.

answer

c. Be spontaneous in order to avoid sounding rehearsed or over-prepared.

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A speech to _______ is a lighthearted speech that addresses issues or ideas in a humorous way.

answer

entertain

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Speeches to entertain require the speaker to balance the humorous aspects of the speech with presenting an issue for the audience to think about. True False

answer

T

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question

The way a speaker uses pauses and delivery for maximum effect is called ______.

answer

timing

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question

Which of the following is not one of the elements that contribute to making something in your speech funny? a. The speaker's timing b. The members of your audience c. The cultural contexts in which a joke is told d. The objective of the joke

answer

c. The cultural contexts in which a joke is told

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question

A(n) ______ is a speech given to honor someone.

answer

speech of tribute

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question

Although delivery is a key component of any speech, a skilled delivery is inconsequential in a speech to entertain. True False

answer

F

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question

To accomplish its goals, a speech of commemoration should do all of the following except: a. name the person, event, idea, or institution being celebrated. b. identify and describe any obstacles or shortcomings that the person, event, idea, or institution struggles with. c. clearly state the unique characteristics or actions being commemorated. d. identify and describe your relationship to the person, event, idea, or institution being commemorated.

answer

b. identify and describe any obstacles or shortcomings that the person, event, idea, or institution struggles with.

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question

A(n) ________ is given to present a specific award and describe why that person is receiving the award.

answer

speech of award

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question

Speeches of introduction provide an audience with a unique perspective on the person introduced, which can be either the speaker's or another person's. True False

answer

T

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question

A speech to entertain is also about issues. Your goal is to develop an argument or an idea in an amusing way. True False

answer

T

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question

Commemorative speakers do all of the following things except: a. tone down imagery and language for a somber effect. b. recite special phrases, sayings, or quotations used by the person being commemorated. c. express deep emotion. d. tell compelling stories and anecdotes.

answer

a. tone down imagery and language for a somber effect.

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question

Each of the speech types recognized in this chapter is for a different kind of special occasion, and each contributes to the public dialogue by calling attention to routine and ordinary traits or encouraging audiences to reflect on issues in serious ways. True False

answer

F

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question

Always err on the side of caution when you use humor in your speech to entertain. True False

answer

T

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question

A person giving a speech of tribute should not do the following: a. Be specific about the importance and meaning of who or what you are commemorating. b. Attribute certain facts, stories, and traits to the subject of your commemoration to make a point regardless of accuracy. c. Express sincere appreciation for all that a person, event, idea, or institution has given or made possible. d. Use words that are genuine and express respect and gratitude.

answer

b. Attribute certain facts, stories, and traits to the subject of your commemoration to make a point regardless of accuracy.

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COM 225 Final – Flashcards

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