COM 105 _ FINAL STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards
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Because every person has a unique ____ based on his or her own knowledge, experience, and values, the meaning of a message can never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker.
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frame of reference
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Everything a speaker says is filtered through a listener's
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frame of reference
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When your textbook describes public speaking as a form of empowerment, it means that public speaking is ______
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a way to make a difference in something we care about.
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_____ lets you know how your message is being received.
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feedback
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Brian's fraternity is deciding whether to become alcohol free. On the evening of the vote, speakers present arguments on both sides of the issue. Bc brian has to decide whether to accept or reject the proposed policy, he is engaged in _____ listening.
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critical
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People spend more time _____ than in any other communication activity.
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listening
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Julia is listening to her meteorology professor explain how to interpret images from Doppler radar. Because Julia's goal is to understand the information being presented, she is engaged in _____ listening.
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comprehensive
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Your textbook recommends ____ as the most effective method of note taking for listening to a speech.
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creating a key-word outline
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What does your textbook say is the first step to improving your listening skills?
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take listening seriously
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All of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for ethical speechmaking except
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explain your motives for speaking to the audience
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the three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are
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global plagiarism patchwork plagiarism and incremental plagiarism
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As explained in your textbook, public speakers have an ethical obligation to avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language because such language...
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a and c only A. demeans the dignity of the groups or individuals being attacked C. undermines the right of all groups in the US to express their ideas.
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to avoid patchwork plagiarism?
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consult a large number of sources in your research
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According to your textbook, "Now that you know about Julio's interest in photography, let's look at his passion for snowboarding" is an example of a ....
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transition
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For her first speech, Rebekah plans to explain her interest in gymnastics beginning with her childhood and continuing through her days in high school. Which pattern of organization discussed in your textbook will she use in her speech?
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chronological
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If you were giving an informative speech to a general audience about digital encryption, the most important factor to consider when analyzing your audience would probably be the ....
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knowledge of the audience about the topic
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all of the following are presented in your textbook as guidelines for a speech of introduction except
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bring the speech to life by using a hypothetical example
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When Gabriel received the Top Engineering Student award at the department's annual award ceremony, he gave a speech thanking the department for according him this honor. According to your textbook, what kind of special-occasion speech did Gabriel give?
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an acceptance speech
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Here are the main points for a speech about the methods used by Feng shui consultants. I. Feng shui consultants use light cures to redirect energy. II. Feng shui consultants use sound cures to generate new energy. III. Feng shui consultants use weight cures to bring feelings of stability. IV. Feng shui consultants use living cures to nourish life and growth. These main points are arranged in __________ order.
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Topical
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The _____ is the longest and most important part of the speech.
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body
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when main ideas follow a directional pattern, they are organized in ...
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spatial order
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According to your textbook, when you are in a formal speaking situation the most effective way of gaining the initial attention of your audience after you walk to the front of the room is ....
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looking directly at the audience without saying a word.
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according to your textbook, when a speaker concludes a speech by fading out on an emotional note, she or he is using a _____ ending.
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dissolve
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Which of the following are you least likely to find in a speech conclusion?
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a statement to arouse curiosity
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According to your textbook, the following passage from a speech introduction is an example of a(n) __________ . Today I would like to share what I have learned about attention deficit disorder by first discussing its effects on people and then looking at the treatments that can be used to help people who suffer from this condition.
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attention statement
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Which organizational method is used in a speech with the following main points? I. As a social worker, Jane Addams founded the settlement house movement in Chicago. II. As a reformer, Jane Addams campaigned for child-labor laws, unemployment compensation, and better public sanitation. III. As a suffragist, Jane Addams fought to give women the vote. IV. As a writer, Jane Addams is best known for her autobiographical Twenty Years at Hull House.
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Topical
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Which organizational pattern would probably be most effective for arranging the main points of a speech with the specific purpose "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should install cameras at problem intersections to deal with the problem of motorists who run red lights."
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Topical
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When preparing a speaking outline, you should....
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All of the above... (follow the visual framework of the preparation outline) (make sure the outline is plainly legible) (keep the outline as brief as possible)
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The main points in a preparation outline are....
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Located farthest to the left
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a speech title should...
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all of the above.. (attract the attention of the audience.. be brief suggest the main thrust of the speech)
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As explained in your textbook, subpoints in a preparation outline should be....
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written in full sentences
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_____ is the repetition of the initial consonant sound of close of adjoining words.
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alliteration
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which of the following words is the most concrete and specific?
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apricot
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"Surgeons and their wives deserve the financial protection offered by these caps on monetary awards in malpractice suits." This statement violates which of the guidelines for inclusive language discussed in your textbook?
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Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender.
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Phrases such as "dry as a bone," "clear as a bell," "dark as night," and "smart as a whip" should be avoided in speeches because they are....
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cliches
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Which of the following words is the most general and abstract?
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writing
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of ______. "When Serena Williams got her first tennis racket, it will like Picasso getting his first paint brush."
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simile
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According to your textbook, "Let every nation know that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty" is an example of
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parallelism
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"Solving the problem of video-game addiction in children involves a combination of supervision, support, and substitution" is an example of
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alliteration
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the denotative meaning of a word is ....
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its literal or dictionary meaning
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Which of the following are mentioned in your textbook as guidelines for the use of inclusive language in public speaking?
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all of the above
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According to your textbook, when people in one region of the country say "greazy," while people in another region of the country say "greasy," the difference in a matter of ...
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dialect
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as your textbook explains, when preparing for a question - and - answer session, you should
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a and c only anticipate possible questions and practice the delivery of your answers
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according to your textbook, saying "lemme" instead of "let me" is an error in ...
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articulation
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communication based on a speaker's body and voice, rather than on the use of words, is called...
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nonverbal communication
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"to inform my audience about the major types and causes of avalanches" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)....
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event
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"To inform my audience about the major theories explaining the extinction of the dinosaurs" is a specific purpose statement for a speech about a(n)
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Concept
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in an informative speech, the speaker acts as a(n)...
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teacher
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"to inform my audience about the history of the lie detector" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)...
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object
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If your specific purpose were "to inform my audience of the major steps in an effective job interview," you would probably organize your speech in _____ order.
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chronological
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If an Internet document identifies its author but says nothing about her or his qualifications, your textbook recommends that you
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type the author's name into the google search box
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The preliminary bibliography
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lists each source that looks as if it might be helpful in speech
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according to your textbook, when preparing questions for a research interview, you should ...
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a and c only... avoid questions you can answer without the interview arrange questions in the order you want to ask them
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What are the three criteria discussed in your textbook for assessing the soundness of documents found on the Internet?
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authorship, sponsorship, and recency
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Encyclopedias, yearbooks, biographical aids, and quotation books are all examples of
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reference works
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to give the gist of someone's statement in your own words is to...
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paraphrase
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Your textbook presents each of the following as a tip for using examples in a speech except
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combine examples with causal reasoning
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The opinions of ordinary people who have firsthand experience or insight on a topic are referred to as __________ testimony.
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peer
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Matt's political science professor announces that next week there will be a guest lecture by peace activist Rachel Phelps entitled "The History of War, the Prospects for Peace." Matt decides to skip class that day, saying to himself, "What can a peace activist possibly tell me about war?" What aspect of poor listening identified in your textbook is Matt exhibiting in this example?
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jumping to conclusion
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Natasha and Ramone are listening to a realtor who is encouraging them to buy a house they looked at earlier in the day. As they listen, they are trying to decide whether or not to purchase the house. According to your textbook, Natahsa and Ramone are engaged in __________ listening.
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critical
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Today was Samantha's birthday, and her friends were taking her out for a surprise evening. It was hard enough to pay attention to speeches on a hot afternoon, but Samantha's mind kept wandering to what her friends might be planning—and who might be coming. According to your textbook, the most important cause of Samantha's poor listening was
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not concentrating
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when listening for a speaker's evidence, you should keep an ear out for its ...
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all of the above.. sufficiency accuracy objectivity relevance
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what does your textbook say is the first step to improving your listening skills?
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take listening seriously
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according to your textbook, effective listening skills are important for ...
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all of the above.. speakers audiences students
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Mark is listening to a speaker's evidence during a persuasive speech on nuclear power. According to your textbook, Mark should be asking:
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all of the above... is the evidence sufficient to support the speaker's claims is the evidence taken from objective sources? is the evidence relevant to the speaker's claims?
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If you wanted to compare the amount of fossil fuels, solar power, and wind energy used in the US and Germany, which type of visual aid would be most effective?
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a bar graph
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Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for presenting visual aids?
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a and c only... display visual aids where listeners can see them display visual aids only while discussing them.
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During her speech about improving students services in campus, Louise gave each member of her audience a handout listing all the current services. Did Louise follow the guidelines for visual aids presented in your textbook?
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No. Louise risked losing attention by distributing the handout during her speech
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According to your textbook, which of the following is an advantage of using visual aids in a speech?
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all of the above... using visual aids can increase the clarity of a speaker's message using visual aids can increase the audience's retention of a speaker's message using visual aids can increase the persuasiveness of a speaker's message
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Enrique was asked by the president of his company to prepare a visual aid showing the proportion of employees who get to work by driving, carpooling, public transportation, or some other method. The best kind of visual aid for him to use would be...
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a pie graph
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Xiaodan plans to show a video of an explosion in her speech. According to your textbook, she should...
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a and b only make sure the video is sharp enough for a large screen or monitor wait until the end of her speech to show the video
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Bryn is planning to use visual aids for her informative speech. Which of the following recommendations will she find in your textbook?
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a and b only keep visual aids simple display each visual aid for an equal amount of time
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according to your textbook, when you are going to give an audience material to take home from a speech, you should usually distribute the material...
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after the speech
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Visual aids can be very useful to a speaker because they...
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enhance the clarity of a speaker's ideas
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While working on his speech, Elliot decided to use a visual showing the proportions of the U.S. federal budget spent in four major areas—defense, entitlement programs, nonentitlement programs, and miscellaneous spending. What type of visual aid should he use?
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a pie graph
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Blake circulated a questionnaire to gauge his classmates' attitudes toward implementing a special tax on junk food. He discovered that 5 audience members already agreed there should be such a tax, 6 were firmly opposed, and 10 were undecided. From these results, Blake decided that the 10 undecided class members were the __________ for his speech.
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target audience
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a persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of...
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fact
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"To persuade my audience that colleges should adhere to stricter standards when investigating and deciding cases of sexual assault on campus" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of...
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policy
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Casey's persuasive speech contained the following statement: The decline in the U.S. bat population has reached critical proportions. Since 2006, more than six million bats in 23 states have been killed by a fungus called white-nose syndrome. The shrinking number of bats has serious consequences, not only because bats eat insects that are harmful to trees and crops, but because they eat mosquitoes, such as those that carry West Nile virus. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Casey address in this excerpt?
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need
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Cliff's persuasive speech contained the following statement: Reducing the problem of bullying will require a combination of measures. To begin with, school personnel need to be trained to recognize the signs of bullying and to respond appropriately. In addition, students need to be reminded that bullying is everybody's problem and that every student has a responsibility to report it to school officials. Finally, parents and teachers need to know how to empower students with appropriate ways to respond when they find themselves a victim of bullying. Which of the three basic issues of persuasive speeches on questions of policy did Cliff address in this excerpt?
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plan
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if your specific purpose were "to inform my audience how hurricanes develop," you would probably organize your speech in _____ order.
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chronological
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"to inform my audience how to prepare for a backpacking expedition" is a specific purpose statement for an informative speech about a(n)...
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process
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What kind of reasoning is used in the following passage? Parents have found that getting the right help for their children who have learning disabilities can an arduous chore. It's like trying to make your way through a maze with no way out. Every time you think you're making progress, you run into another brick wall.
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analogical reasoning
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According to your textbook, the following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? If we give students vouchers to attend private schools, it won't be long until the entire public school system is eliminated.
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slippery slope
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What fallacy is exemplified by the following statement? If we approve a construction permit for this home, the next thing you know other people will want to build in our valley. Then they will pave new roads and put in gas stations and other businesses. Before you know it, all of our beautiful land will be turned into a parking lot for a giant shopping mall.
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slippery slope
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as defined in your textbook, channel in the speech communication process refers to...
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the means by which a message is communicated
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According to your textbook, a listener anxious about an upcoming exam, worried about a recent argument with a friend, or distracted by cold air in the classroom would be experiencing...
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influence
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which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?
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concentrating on your stage fright
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a listener's ethical obligation to avoid prejudging a speaker means that a listener should
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strive to understand the speaker before criticizing his or her ideas
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Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to avoid patchwork plagiarism?
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consulting a large number of sources in your research
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Jerome found several excellent sources for his informative speech. He pulled key information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, and cited his sources when he presented the speech. Which of the following statements best describes this situation?
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jerome is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own slant on the topic
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When Sophia attended the first discussion section for her math class and heard her instructor begin speaking with an unfamiliar accent, she immediately decided, "I won't learn anything from this teacher." Sophia failed to uphold which guideline for ethical listening?
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avoid prejudging the speaker
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A sentence or two that lets the audience know that a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another is called a..
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transition
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For his first speech, Peter is organizing his ideas around three holiday customs that were passed down by his Polish grandparents. According to your textbook, Peter's speech will most likely be organized in __________ order.
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topical
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According to your textbook, the type of delivery in which you plan your speech in detail and learn it well without trying to memorize the exact wording is called..
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extemporaneous
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Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement for a classroom speech: "To inform my audience about Hinduism."
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it's too broad
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According to your textbook, a speech in which an individual gives thanks for a gift or award is termed a(n)...
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acceptance speech
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At the dedication of the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, Barack Obama gave a speech praising King's leadership of the civil rights movement. According to your textbook, Obama gave a(n)...
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commemorative speech
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which of the following is an example of a speech of presentation?
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a speech presenting an award to an outstanding student
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A speaker introducing the president of a university to an audience of prospective students and their families will best accomplish this goal by
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summarizing the president's major accomplishments at the university
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According to your textbook, you should always combine demographic audience analysis with __________ audience analysis.
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situational
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In her speech introduction, Suya said, "Though we are all very different, we are all students here at this university and are all working toward the completion of a degree. Unfortunately, because of rising tuition, some of us may lose the ability to continue in school." According to your textbook, by trying to show her audience how her topic affects her listeners, Suya was
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adapting to her audience
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You are giving a speech on a community building project to a local service organization at its monthly luncheon. Dessert dishes are being cleared away as you walk into the overcrowded, overheated room. The most important situational factor to consider when adapting to your audience would probably be the
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physical setting for your speech
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According to your textbook, which of the following is a demographic characteristic of a speech audience?
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gender
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According to your textbook, in addition to reinforcing the central idea, a speech conclusion should also
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signal the end of the speech
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What does your textbook say about preparing effective speech conclusions?
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make your conclusion about 5-10 percent of the entire speech
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Which of the following would you most likely find in a speech conclusion?
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a compelling quotation
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Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
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research shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages to day care
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As your textbook explains, __________ meaning gives words their emotional power.
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connotative
