Clinical Chemistry Exam 1 Lecture 7 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: ACP |
answer
| Acid Phosphatase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: ALT |
answer
| Alanine Aminotransferase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: ALP |
answer
| Alkaline Phosphatase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: AMS |
answer
| Amylase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: AST |
answer
| Aspartate Aminotransferase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: CK |
answer
| Creatine Kinase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: GGT |
answer
| Gamma-glutamyltransferase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: G6PD |
answer
| Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: LD |
answer
| Lactate Dehydrogenase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: LPS |
answer
| Lipase |
question
| Given the abbreviation give the enzyme: SChE |
answer
| Pseudocholinesterase |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Pseudocholinesterase |
answer
| Organophosphate Poisoning |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Lipase |
answer
| Pancreatitis |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Lactate Dehydrogenase |
answer
| Heart, Liver, Lungs |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase |
answer
| Hemolytic Anemia |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Gamma-glutamyltransferase |
answer
| Bile Duct, Liver |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Creatine Kinase |
answer
| Heart, Muscle |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Aspartate Aminotransferase |
answer
| Heart, Muscle, Liver |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Amylase |
answer
| Pancreatitis Pancreas and Salivary Glands |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Alkaline Phosphatase |
answer
| Bone, Liver, and Placenta |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Alanine Aminotransferase |
answer
| Liver |
question
| Given the enzyme give the Disease/Organs: Acid Phosphatase |
answer
| Prostate Cancer |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Liver |
answer
| AST ALT LD GGT ALP |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Biliary Obstruction |
answer
| GGT ALP |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Heart Attack |
answer
| CK CKMB AST |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Skeletal Muscle |
answer
| CK AST LD |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Bone |
answer
| ALP |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Pancreas |
answer
| AMS LPS |
question
| Given the organ what are the enzymes associated with it: Prostate |
answer
| ACP |
question
| Given the organ what other tests should be performed: Liver |
answer
| Albumin Bilirubin PT |
question
| Given the organ what other tests should be performed: Heart Attack |
answer
| Myoglobin Troponin |
question
| Given the organ what other tests should be performed: Bone |
answer
| Ostase Calcium PTH |
question
| Given the organ what other tests should be performed: Prostate |
answer
| PSA |
question
| Highest levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase are seen in what? |
answer
| Pernicious anemia and hemolytic anemias, AMI and Hemolysis |
question
| Other than Heart, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle what else is Lactate Dehydrogenase associated with? |
answer
| RBCs |
question
| Sources of error with Lactate Dehydrogenase |
answer
| Avoid any traces of hemolysis Avoid refrigerating or freezing |
question
| At what temperature should you store Lactate Dehydrogenase? |
answer
| Room Temperature |
question
| Acid Phosphatase |
answer
| Highest in Prostate Cancer Presumptive evidence of semen |
question
| True or False: ACP is rarely performed |
answer
| True |
question
| What has ACP been replaced by? |
answer
| PSA (Tumor Markers) |
question
| What are Bone Illnesses associated with ALP? |
answer
| Paget's Disease Osteomalacia and rickets Bone fractures Osteoporosis Childhood/adolescence |
question
| What test can you perform for Osteoporosis? |
answer
| Ostase - test to monitor response to therapy |
question
| What is associated with the Liver and ALP? |
answer
| Biliary tract obstruction |
question
| To differentiate Bone from Liver in ALP results, what should you do? |
answer
| Heat serum to 56 degrees C for 10 minutes |
question
| When differentiating Bone from Liver in ALP which serum lives and which dies? |
answer
| Liver lives Bone dies |
question
| Which trimesters are associated with the placenta and ALP? |
answer
| 2nd and 3rd |
question
| Sources of error with ALP: |
answer
| Hemolysis Run ASAP to prevent serum increases |
question
| What does ALP require? |
answer
| Magnesium |
question
| AST Liver - Up to 100x ULN in |
answer
| Viral Hepatitis |
question
| AST Liver - Up to 4x ULN in |
answer
| Cirrhosis |
question
| AST Heart - Levels begin to rise within ____ hours of AMI |
answer
| 6 |
question
| Is AST useful for assessing AMI? |
answer
| No, it is too non-specific |
question
| AST Skeletal Muscle is often associated with what? |
answer
| Muscular dystrophy Crush injuries |
question
| Sources of error with AST? |
answer
| Hemolysis |
question
| Is ALT more specific for the liver than AST? |
answer
| Yes |
question
| ALT Liver - Levels higher and persist longer than AST in ____ _____ |
answer
| Viral Hepatitis |
question
| True or False: ALT may increase prior to symptoms of liver cell damage |
answer
| True |
question
| Though AST is high in all of the following, which 1 will ALT be high in? Heart, Liver, or Skeletal Muscle |
answer
| Liver |
question
| Sources of error for ALT |
answer
| No significant interferences |
question
| Amylase |
answer
| Catalyzes breakdown of starches Normally filtered by glomerulus and detectable in urine |
question
| 2 Illnesses associated with Amylase |
answer
| Acute Pancreatitis Macroamylasemia |
question
| Acute Pancreatitis - AMS levels rise in _______ hours after onset of an attack and return to normal in a _____ |
answer
| 2-12 week |
question
| ____ levels of AMS in Urine of Acute Pancreatitis patients |
answer
| High |
question
| What are the most common causes of Acute Pancreatitis? |
answer
| Gall Stones Alcoholism |
question
| Can Acute Pancreatitis lead to tissue necrosis and death? |
answer
| Yes |
question
| Macroamylasemia |
answer
| Benign condition affecting 1-2% of population. Amylase binds to immunoglobulins This bound pair can't filter through glomerulus, thus serum levels rise |
question
| Though Serum amylase rises in both Acute Pancreatitis and Macroamylasemia, is Urine Amylase elevated or decreased in Acute Pancreatitis? |
answer
| Elevated |
question
| Though Serum amylase rises in both Acute Pancreatitis and Macroamylasemia, is Urine Amylase elevated or decreased in Macroamylasemia? |
answer
| Decreased |
question
| Sources of error of AMS |
answer
| Calcium and Chloride are Activators |
question
| Do you use EDTA tubes for Amylase samples? |
answer
| NO |
question
| Lipase (LPS) |
answer
| Breaks down dietary triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol |
question
| LPS is highest in what? |
answer
| Acute Pancreatitis |
question
| Is LPS elevated in Salivary disorders? |
answer
| No |
question
| Sources of error for Lipase |
answer
| Hemolysis inhibits lipase activity to cause a falsely low value |
question
| Delta-Glutamyltransferase |
answer
| Sensitive indicator of alcohol ingestion |
question
| What is GGT used to monitor? |
answer
| Abstention from alcohol because levels rapidly rise if drinking is resumed |
question
| Are there any sources of error for GGT? |
answer
| No, it is Relatively Stable |
question
| Does Hemolysis interfere with GGT? |
answer
| No |
question
| G-6-PD - Most in ___ ___ to maintain NADPH which protects hemoglobin from oxidative damage |
answer
| red cells |
question
| Is G6PD Sex linked? |
answer
| Yes |
question
| Where is there a high incidence of G6PD? |
answer
| Africa Middle East Far East |
question
| G6PD - Exposure to oxidant drugs can cause what? |
answer
| Drug-Induced Hemolytic Episode |
question
| A Deficiency in G6PD can provide what? |
answer
| Some protection against Plasmodium falciparum |
question
| Sources of error for G6PD? |
answer
| None |
question
| What is used to test for deficiency of G6PD? |
answer
| A RBC hemolysate |
question
| Pseudocholinesterase & Acetylcholinesterase are needed for what? |
answer
| Nerve conduction and muscle contraction/impulse termination |
question
| What does an Inherited Deficiency in Pseudocholinesterase & Acetylcholinesterase cause? |
answer
| Muscle contraction and respiratory distress when given anesthesia |
question
| What does an Acquired Deficiency in Pseudocholinesterase & Acetylcholinesterase cause? |
answer
| Salivation, vomiting, twitching, slurred speech, behavioral changes, and respiratory failure |
question
| Where does an Acquired Deficiency in Pseudocholinesterase & Acetylcholinesterase come from? |
answer
| Organophosphate pesticide poisoning |
question
| Creatine Kinase - 3 isoforms are also called |
answer
| Isoenzymes |
question
| CK - All three forms contibute to the ____ ___ activity in serum |
answer
| Total CK |
question
| CKMM is associated with which organs? |
answer
| Skeletal muscle Heart (95% of total CK) |
question
| *CKMB is associated with which organs? |
answer
| Heart Skeletal Muscle |
question
| CKBB is associated with which organs? |
answer
| Brain Bladder Lungs Other |
question
| What illnesses are often associated with CKMM? |
answer
| Muscular trauma and crush (rhabdomyolysis), Muscular Dystrophy, Strenuous exercise, AMI |
question
| What illnesses are often associated with *CKMB? |
answer
| Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) & Angina |
question
| What illnesses are often associated with CKBB? |
answer
| Cerebrovascular accidents & Seizures |
question
| Name the CK isoenzyme isolated from the heart? |
answer
| CKMB |
question
| What test is used to assess treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis |
answer
| Ostase |
question
| List two "normal" conditions that can cause an elevation of ALP |
answer
| Childhood Pregnancy |
question
| Which enzyme(s) require Calcium as an activator? |
answer
| Amylase |
question
| List another enzyme other than amylase that can be used to assess pancreatitis |
answer
| LPS |
question
| Which enzyme is Most susceptible to the effects of Hemolysis AND Freezing temperatures |
answer
| LD |
