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The first state to secede from the Union, in 1860, was

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South Carolina

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In 1869, President James Buchanan asserted

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the federal government had no authority to stop a state from seceding from the Union.

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The Confederate States of America was formed

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before Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated president.

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The Crittenden Compromise found its greatest support in

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southern slave owners

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All of the following slave states remained in the Union EXCEPT

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Arkansas

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At the start of the Civil War, the

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north had a much more substantial economy

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The 1862 Morrill Land Grant Act was designed to help

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education

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Which of the following federally-chartered corporations did the Union create to build the transcontinental railroad

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the union pacific and central pacific

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Taxes enacted by the United States Congress to help finance the Civil War

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included a new income tax.

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During the Civil War, "greenbacks" issued by the federal government

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fluctuated in value depending on the fortunes of the Northern armies.

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At the start of the Civil War, the armed forces of the United States

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saw many of its soldiers stationed in the west

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In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln realized that volunteer state militias

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would have to do the bulk of fighting for the Union.

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The Union's national draft law

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resulted in murderous attacks in new york city against free blacks

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In his capacity as commander in chief, President Abraham Lincoln

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increased the size of the army without the approval of congress

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All of the following were "Radical Republicans" EXCEPT

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Thaddeus Stevens

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The Confiscation Act of 1861

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declared that slaves used by Confederate states in the war effort were free.

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In the Emancipation Proclamation, President Abraham Lincoln declared freedom for slaves

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in the parts of the confederacy still in rebellion

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African American soldiers in the Union

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experienced a higher mortality rate than white soldiers

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The United States Sanitary Commission

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helped turn nursing into a female-dominated profession

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Politically, the Confederate constitution

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was almost identical in many respects to the Constitution of the United States.

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Prior to becoming president of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis had

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called for the imprisonment of abolitionists

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In the Confederacy during the Civil War

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many southerners resisted efforts by the Davis government to exert its authority

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The Confederacy financed its war effort primarily through

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printing money

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Between 1861 and 1864, the cost of goods in the Confederacy rose by

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9,000 percent

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In the Confederacy, a military draft

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aroused opposition from poorer whites for its expensive substitute policy.

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President Abraham Lincoln believed the main objective of the Union armies was to

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destroy Confederate armies.

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In naval warfare during the Civil War

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both the Union and Confederate militaries developed ironclads.

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In the course of the Civil War

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popular support for the Union was strong in England.

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In 1864, General William T. Sherman's "March to the Sea"

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was designed to demoralize southerners.

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In the final days of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln

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insisted that the Confederacy had no legal right to exist.

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At the end of the Civil War, the number of slaves that emerged from from bondage was

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three and a half million

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In 1865, southern blacks defined "freedom" as

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all these answers are correct

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In 1865, southern whites defined "freedom" as

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controlling their future without northern interference.

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In the 1860's, Black Codes were

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designed to give whites control over freedmen

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The Fourteenth Amendment

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gave citizenship rights to all people born in the United States.

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In 1867, congressional plans for Reconstruction

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required new state governments in the South to give voting rights to black males

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The Fifteenth Amendment dealt with the issue of

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suffrage

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The Tenure of Office Act

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was designed to limit President Andrew Johnson's authority

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As a result of the Supreme Court's ruling in Ex parte Milligan, Radical Republicans

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proposed abolishing the Court

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In 1868, President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

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all these answers are correct

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During Reconstruction, the term "scalawags" referred to

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southern white Republicans

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During Reconstruction, most "carpetbaggers" were

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northern white veterans who moved to the South

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During Reconstruction, southern African American officeholders

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underrepresented the total number of blacks living in the South

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During Reconstruction, the southern school system

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eventually reached forty percent of all black children

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During Reconstruction, regarding land ownership in the South,

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ownership by whites declined while ownership by blacks increased

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Black sharecropping

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was a very common occupation of former slaves

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During Reconstruction, per capita income for southerners

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rose for blacks and declined for whites

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During Reconstruction, the black labor force worked

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significantly fewer hours than had been the case during slavery

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After the Civil War, most poor rural southerners relied on credit from

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country stores

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In the South, the crop-lien system along with the burdensome credit system

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encouraged the planting of cash crops

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After the Civil War, most southern black women

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took wage earning jobs

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All of the following were involved in scandals during the Grant administration EXCEPT

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President Ulysses Grant

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The Panic of 1873

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was the nation's worst economic depression to that time

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The Freedmen's Bureau

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distributed food to millions of southern blacks

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As Republicans planned for Reconstruction,

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Radicals sought a range of punishments for white southerners

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President Abraham Lincoln's "10 percent" plan for the South referred to the

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the number of white voters required to take loyalty oaths before setting up a state government

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The Wade- Davis Bill

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called for the disenfranchisement of leading Confederates

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National support for Reconstruction was undetermined by

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all these answers are correct

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After Reconstruction, political power under southern "Redeemers"

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was often very restricted and conservative

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In the South during the last quarter of the nineteenth century,

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its share of national manufacturing doubled

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The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that

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racial segregation was legal if whites and blacks had equal "accommodations

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Jim Crow laws

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imposed a system of state-supported segregation

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In the 1890's, the black journalist Ida B. Wells devoted her writing to attacking

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the crime of lynching

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In his 1895 "Atlanta Compromise" speech, Brooker T. Washington

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called for acceptance of the system of racial segregation

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Congressional passage of the Enforcement Acts in 1870-1871

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were aimed at reducing white repression of blacks in the South.

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