Civil Rights Movement Quiz – Flashcards

a legislator who gives long speeches in an effort to delay or obstruct legislation that he (or she) opposes

a series of political protests against segregation by Blacks and Whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961, civil rights campaign of the Congress of Racial Equality in which protesters traveled by bus through the South to desegregate bus stations; white violence against them prompted the Kennedy administration to protect them and become more involved in civil rights.

Birmingham police commissioner who arrested over 900 marching kids and directed the fire station to blast them with fire hoses and let police dogs loose on them., police commissioner personally supervised a brutal effort to break up the peaceful marches Martin Luther King Jr. led, arresting hundreds of demonstrators and using attack dogs, tear gas, electric cattle prods, and fire hoses, all in view of TV cameras.

A young African American air force veteran who in 1962, attempted to enroll in the University of Mississippi. A fed court guaranteed his right to attend; in addition, Kennedy sent in 400 federal marshals and 3000 troops to control mob violence as Meredith attended class., United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)

a form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences.

Ruled that racially segregated schools violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Reversed the principle of "separate but equal" established in Plessy v Ferguson, The 1954 SC decision holding that school segregation in Topeka, Kansas, was inherently unconstitutional because it violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. This case marked the end of legal segregation in the US.

another case issued by the Supreme Court, implementing the order from 1954, ruling that communities must work to desegregate their schools with all deliberate speed, but set no timetable and left specific decisions up to lower courts., Decision issued by the Supreme Court ruling that communities needed to desegregate their schools rapidly. It did not, however, gave no amount of time in which desegregation had to take place and the decision was left up to lower courts.

Was the site of forced desegregation in 1957 when the governor of Alabama wouldn't allow the "Little Rock nine" access to the school. President Eisenhower then mobilized the 101st airborne division to force the school to admit the students., the site of forced school desegregation. had to be integrated by force through Pres. Eisenhower, Governor Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent nine Black students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Eisenhower sent in U.S. paratroopers to ensure the students could attend class.

segregation (especially in schools) that happens in fact although not required by law, racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement

segregation that is imposed by law, De jure segregation is segregation by law; de facto segregation is segregation in practice.

King organized this major demonstration in Alabama to press for the right of blacks to register to vote. Selma sheriff led local police in a televised brutal attack on demonstrators. Two northern white marchers were murdered, and the outrage that came after helped LBJ pass the Civil Rights Act of 1965., King organized this major demonstration in Alabama to press for the right of blacks to register to vote. A sheriff led local police in a televised brutal attack on demonstrators.

Led by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, they believed that racism was an inherent part of the U.S. capitalist society and were militant, self-styled revolutionaries for Black Power., political party formed by African Americans to fight police brutality. They urged violent resistance against whites. Many whites and moderate African Americans feared the group., political party formed by African Americans to fight police brutality. They urged violent resistance against whites. Many whites and moderate African Americans feared the group.

a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters. The project was organized by the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), a coalition of four established civil rights organizations: the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), with SNCC playing the lead role., voting rights for african americans carried out by white college students. some were violently beaten/ one man killed.

He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School, The Governor who opposed the integration of Central High, Sent the Little Rock National Guard to keep them out. Then gave them no protection at all., He was the governor of Arkansas during the time of the Little Rock Crisis. He attempted to block the integration of the school by using the national guard, leading to a confrontation with the Eisenhower and ultimately integration of the school.

1952; renamed himself X to signify the loss of his African heritage; converted to Nation of Islam in jail in the 50s, became Black Muslims' most dynamic street orator and recruiter; his beliefs were the basis of a lot of the Black Power movement built on seperationist and nationalist impulsesto achieve true independence and equality, Malcolm X was an advocate of black power and was the figurehead of the Nation of Islam for some time. He was greatly influential in getting people to believe in black power and self-defense, as opposed to King's peace.

a religious group, popularly known as the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black separatism and the Islamic religion., a religious, popularity known as the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black seperationism and the Islamic religion

He was a Democrat who ran for president in 1968 promoting civil rights and other equality based ideals. He was ultimately assassinated in 1968, leaving Nixon to take the presidency but instilling hope in many Americans., He ran for President in 1968; stirred a response from workers, African Americans, Hispanics, and younger Americans; would have captured Democratic nomination but was assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan after victory speech during the California primary in June 1968.

This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places., the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination., the law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination.

1965; invalidated the use of any test or device to deny the vote and authorized federal examiners to register voters in states that had disenfranchised blacks; as more blacks became politically active and elected black representatives, it rboguth jobs, contracts, and facilities and services for the black community, encouraging greater social equality and decreasing the wealth and education gap, a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1964, forbidding the use of the poll tax as a requirement for voting in national or U.S. Congressional elections., "don't hurt the poor"- no poll taxes, Constitutional amendment to outlaw the poll tax

a commission established by the 1964 Civil Rights Act to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin in conditions of employment and promote voluntary action programs by employers, unions, and community organizations to foster equal job opportunities., EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, churches link together to inform blacks about changes in the Civil Rights Movement, led by MLK Jr., was a success, Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Group of prominent leaders in the southern black churches who wanted to use their influence to promote civil rights. It was 'top-down' the opposite of grass-roots. Helped with the Birmingham and other movements.

f

Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

The first African American player in the major league of baseball. His actions helped to bring about other opportunities for African Americans., The first black baseball player to play in the major leagues. He played for the Brooklyn Dodgers and broke the color barrier in baseball and made way for other changes for equality.

(1917-1977) bacame a SNCC field worker in 1963; helped found the MFDP; left SNCC in 1966 when the organization embraced Black Power but remained active in the civil right movement in 1971; helped found the National Women's Political Caucus, spokesperson for the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964 Democratic Convention, a SNCC organizer and former sharecropper who had been evicted from her farm after registering to vote & thrown in jail for urging other African Americans to register to vote; helped organize the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party & challenged the legality of the segregated Democratic Party at the Democratic Convention

an American political party created in the state of Mississippi in 1964, during the civil rights movement. It was organized by black and white Mississippians, with assistance from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Council of Federated Organizations (COFO), to challenge the legitimacy of the white-only regular Democratic Party., Group that sent its own delegates to the Democratic National Convention in 1964 to protest discrimination against black voters in Mississippi

Example/response to Brown case. Formed to preseve the Southern way of life. Several chapters throughout the south and used their economic and political power to intimidate African Americans who challenged segregation., Whites-only, pro-segregation groups formed in many Southern towns in response to federal court decisions promoting desegregation. Such groups were the antithesis of groups like SNCC, CORE, and the NAACP; they were essentially white-collar, slightly more respectable versions of the Ku Klux Klan. The WWC had its genesis in 1954 in Mississippi in response to Brown v. Board of Education.

allowed mexicans the right of the 14th amendment. mexicans now had both the legal basis and the leadership to broaden its attack on discrimination.

Method used to deny African-Americans the vote in the South that tested a person's ability to read and write - they were done very unfairly so even though most African-Americans could read and write by the 1950's they still failed.

Small taxes levied on the right to vote that often fell due at a time of year when poor African-American sharecroppers had the least cash on hand. This method was used by most Southern states to exclude African Americans from voting. Poll taxes were declared void by the Twenty-fourth Amendment in 1964.

Governor of Mississippi who strogly opposed school integration, this man blocked out James Meredith, an African American man who was accepted into the University of Mississippi, personally. He was defeated by Robert Kennedy when he dispatched federal marshals to ensure that Meredith was allowed into school. This act would be copied in 1963 by Alabama governor George Wallace one year later

Civil rights leader who founded the Congress of Racial Equality, organized CORE; racial equality; 1942 blacks move North; starts getting blacks to sit in an all white restaurant to protest, Founder of CORE and leader of the 1961 freedom ride which led to the desegregation of interstate transportation.

student leader of SNCC who organized sit-ins, spoke in Washington, & marched in Selma, american politician and civil rights activist became head of SNCC. Participated in protests like Selma to Montgomery, March on Washington, etc. Today he is a member of the US House of Representatives from Georgia since 1987.

Detroit race riots,Watts: August, 1965, the riot began due to the arrest of a Black by a White and resulted in 34 dead, 800 injured, 3500 arrested and $140,000,000 in damages. Detroit: July, 1967, the army was called in to restore order in race riots that resulted in 43 dead and $200,000,000 in damages.